[Event "Philidor"]
[Site "London  1783"]
[Date "1726.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Bruehl, Count John"]
[Black "Philidor, Francois"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C23"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "94"]
[EventDate "1726.??.??"]

{Modern positional play begins with the musician Philidor (1726-1795). He
likes to support pawns by pieces from behind. His eyes are blindfolded in this
game.} 1. e4 {Philidor has the better pawn structure in the endgame. He can
attack on both flanks.} 1... e5 2. Bc4 c6 3. Qe2 d6 4. c3 f5 5. d3 Nf6 6. exf5
Bxf5 7. d4 e4 8. Bg5 d5 9. Bb3 Bd6 10. Nd2 Nbd7 11. h3 h6 12. Be3 Qe7 13. f4 h5
14. c4 a6 15. cxd5 cxd5 16. Qf2 O-O 17. Ne2 b5 18. O-O Nb6 19. Ng3 g6 20. Rac1
Nc4 21. Nxf5 gxf5 22. Qg3+ Qg7 23. Qxg7+ Kxg7 24. Bxc4 bxc4 25. g3 Rab8 26. b3
{Philidor has the better pawn structure in the endgame. He can attack on both
flanks.} 26... Ba3 27. Rc2 cxb3 28. axb3 $2 ({A weakness is avoided by} 28.
Nxb3) 28... Rfc8 29. Rxc8 Rxc8 30. Ra1 Bb4 31. Rxa6 Rc3 32. Kf2 Rd3 33. Ra2
Bxd2 34. Rxd2 Rxb3 {Black pressures on the queenside.} 35. Rc2 h4 $1 {
The attack switches to the kingside.} 36. Rc7+ Kg6 37. gxh4 Nh5 38. Rd7 (38.
Rc6+ Kf7 39. Rc7+ Ke6 40. Rc6+ $1) (38. Ke2 Ng3+ 39. Kf2 Nf1 {
leads to the game.} 40. Kxf1 Rxe3 41. Rd7 Rf3+ 42. Kg2) 38... Nxf4 $1 {
Philidor sees a combination despite of the blindfold.} ({When Black plays} 
38... Nf6 {or}) (38... Rb5 {he will make no progress.}) 39. Bxf4 Rf3+ 40. Kg2
Rxf4 41. Rxd5 Rf3 {Philidor has his favourite connected passed pawns.} 42. Rd8
Rd3 43. d5 f4 44. d6 Rd2+ 45. Kf1 Kf7 46. h5 e3 47. h6 $4 (47. Rd7+ $1 Ke6 48.
Rd8 $1 {leads to an escape.}) 47... f3 {
This is the first acceptable practical endgame that I could find.} 0-1

[Event "Philidor"]
[Site "L'analyse des echecs 1749"]
[Date "1726.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Philidor, Francois"]
[Black "?"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "3k4/4r3/3K4/3B4/8/8/8/5R2 w - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "29"]
[EventDate "1726.??.??"]

{Endgame theory started with Polerio, Greco and Stamma. Philidor also made
valuable contributions. He formulated the basics for the endgame of rook and
bishop versus rook.} 1. Rf8+ Re8 2. Rf7 Re2 $1 (2... Rh8 3. Ra7 Rh6+ 4. Be6 {
leads to mate.}) 3. Rg7 $1 {
The black rook is forced to a less favourable square.} 3... Re1 ({Weak is} 3...
Re3 4. Rb7) 4. Rb7 Rc1 ({Another interesting variation is} 4... Kc8 5. Ra7 $1
Rb1 6. Rh7 $1 Kb8 (6... Rb6+ 7. Bc6) 7. Rh8+ Ka7 8. Ra8+ Kb6 9. Rb8+) 5. Bb3 $3
{This move would make no sense if the black rook should be on c2.} 5... Rc3 $1
{The rook moves to a bad rank.} ({White also wins in} 5... Kc8 6. Rb4 Kd8 7.
Rf4 Re1 (7... Kc8 8. Bd5 Kb8 9. Ra4) 8. Ba4 Kc8 9. Bc6 Rd1+ 10. Bd5 Kb8 11. Ra4
) 6. Be6 Rd3+ 7. Bd5 Rc3 (7... Kc8 8. Ra7 {loses at once.}) 8. Rd7+ $1 Kc8 ({Or
} 8... Ke8 9. Rg7) 9. Rf7 Kb8 10. Rb7+ Kc8 11. Rb4 $1 Kd8 ({
The first point of the last white move is} 11... Rd3 12. Ra4) 12. Bc4 $3 {
The second pointe.} 12... Kc8 13. Be6+ Kd8 14. Rb8+ Rc8 15. Rxc8# 1-0

[Event "Bourdonnais"]
[Site "La Palamede 1837"]
[Date "1797.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "De la Bourdonnais, Louis"]
[Black "?"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "8/2P1k3/8/5Q2/8/3pp3/4rp2/3K4 w - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "11"]
[EventDate "1797.??.??"]

{De la Bourdonnais (1797-1840) played a series of six matches with MacDonnell
in London 1834. It was the first long international chess event. The tactical
talent of the Frenchman prevailed. He composed a simple endgame study.} 1.
c8=N+ $1 {Calvi and De la Bourdonnais supported the idea of minor promotion as
a law of chess.} (1. Qh7+ $2 Kf6 $1 {leads to a repetition of moves.}) 1... Ke8
2. Qg6+ Kf8 3. Qf6+ Kg8 4. Ne7+ Kh7 5. Qg6+ Kh8 6. Qg8# 1-0

[Event "Horwitz"]
[Site "Chess Studies 1851"]
[Date "1807.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Kling & Horwitz"]
[Black "?"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "3N4/2p5/8/3q4/3k4/8/3PKP2/R7 w - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "9"]
[EventDate "1807.??.??"]

{Bernhard Horwitz (1807-1885) moved from Germany to London in 1846. Staunton
defeated him in a match. He cooperated with the chess composer Josef Kling.
Endgame composition began with their joined effort.} 1. Ra4+ Ke5 2. Ra5 $1 c5 (
2... Qxa5 3. Nc6+) 3. Rxc5 $1 Qxc5 4. d4+ $1 Kxd4 (4... Qxd4 5. Nc6+) 5. Ne6+ {
A fork decides the game in three variations.} 1-0

[Event "Staunton"]
[Site "London 1843"]
[Date "1810.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "De Saint Amant, Pierre"]
[Black "Staunton, Howard"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "A34"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "138"]
[EventDate "1810.??.??"]

{Howard Staunton lost a short match against De Saint-Amant in London 1843. A
long return match was won by Staunton in Paris during the same year.} 1. e4 c5
2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Ne7 4. d3 Nbc6 5. Be3 Ng6 6. f4 d6 7. Nf3 Be7 8. a3 Bf6 9. Be2
O-O 10. O-O Bd4 11. Qd2 Nxf4 12. Nxd4 cxd4 13. Bxf4 e5 14. Nd5 exf4 15. Qxf4
Be6 16. Qg3 Bxd5 17. cxd5 Ne5 18. Rf2 Rc8 19. Bg4 Rc5 20. Raf1 Qg5 21. h3 Rc1
22. Kh2 Rxf1 23. Rxf1 Qd2 24. Rf2 Qe1 25. Rc2 Qb1 26. Rd2 g6 27. Qf2 h5 28. Bd1
Qc1 29. g4 hxg4 30. hxg4 Qxd1 31. Rxd1 Nxg4+ 32. Kg3 Nxf2 33. Kxf2 {
Black has an extra pawn and occupies the open file.} 33... Rc8 34. Rd2 Kg7 35.
Kf3 Rc1 36. Rh2 Kf6 37. Rh8 Rd1 38. Ke2 {White loses another pawn temporarily.}
38... Rb1 39. Kf3 Rxb2 40. Re8 Rb6 41. e5+ $1 {A counteraction begins.} 41...
dxe5 42. Ke4 Rd6 43. Rxe5 Rd7 44. Kxd4 g5 $6 ({Staunton suggests the move} 
44... Re7 $1 {Notice the pointe} 45. d6 Rxe5 46. d7 Ke7) 45. Re1 g4 46. Kc5 Kg5
47. d6 f5 48. Re7 Rd8 49. Kd5 $6 (49. Rxb7 {grabs a pawn.}) 49... Kf4 50. d7 g3
51. Rg7 Kf3 52. Ke5 g2 53. Ke6 f4 54. d4 Kf2 55. d5 g1=Q 56. Rxg1 Kxg1 57. Ke7
Rxd7+ 58. Kxd7 f3 59. Kc7 f2 60. d6 f1=Q 61. d7 Qd3 62. d8=Q Qxd8+ 63. Kxd8 b5
64. Kc7 a5 65. Kb6 b4 66. a4 b3 67. Kxa5 b2 68. Ka6 b1=Q 69. a5 Qb4 {
The technical level is disappointing.} 0-1

[Event "Anderssen"]
[Site "Paris 1858"]
[Date "1818.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Morphy, Paul"]
[Black "Anderssen, Adolf"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C52"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "144"]
[EventDate "1818.??.??"]

{Adolf Anderssen (1818-1879) won the first international chess tournament
London 1851. He was a great attacker. His technics were shown in the first
game of a match against Morphy.} 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. b4 Bxb4 5.
c3 Ba5 6. d4 exd4 7. O-O Nf6 8. e5 d5 9. Bb5 Ne4 10. cxd4 O-O 11. Bxc6 bxc6 12.
Qa4 Bb6 13. Qxc6 Bg4 14. Bb2 Bxf3 15. gxf3 Ng5 16. Nd2 Re8 17. Kh1 Nh3 18. f4
Qh4 19. Qxd5 Nxf2+ 20. Kg1 Nd3 21. Bc3 Nxf4 22. Qf3 Nh3+ 23. Kh1 Ng5 24. Qg2
Rad8 25. Rg1 h6 26. Raf1 Qh3 27. Qf3 Qd7 28. Qg2 Bxd4 29. Bxd4 Qxd4 30. Nf3 Qd5
31. h4 Ne6 32. Qg4 Qc6 33. Rg2 Rd3 34. Qf5 Red8 35. Qf6 Qd5 36. Qf5 Rd1 37.
Rxd1 Qxd1+ 38. Kh2 Rd3 39. Rf2 Re3 40. Nd2 Re2 41. Qxf7+ Kh8 42. Ne4 Rxf2+ 43.
Nxf2 {Black has a decisive material advantage.} 43... Qd5 44. Ng4 Qxa2+ 45. Kg3
Qb3+ 46. Kh2 Qc2+ 47. Kg3 Qc3+ 48. Kh2 Qc6 $1 (48... Qb3 $4 49. Qe8+ Kh7 50.
Qf7 {leads to a repetition of moves.}) 49. h5 a5 {
Anderssen choses a prosaic move.} ({Max Lange found the witty alternative} 
49... Qc2+ 50. Kg3 Qc3+ 51. Kg2 Qh3+ 52. Kxh3 Ng5+ 53. Kg3 Nxf7 54. e6 Nd6) 50.
Nf6 $1 gxf6 51. Qxf6+ Kg8 52. Qg6+ Kf8 53. Qxh6+ Ke8 54. Qg6+ Kd7 55. h6 Qd5
56. h7 ({Maroczy mentions} 56. Qh5 Qd2+ 57. Kh1 Qc1+ 58. Kh2 Qf4+ 59. Kh1 Ng5 {
and Black wins.}) 56... Qxe5+ 57. Kg1 Ng5 58. h8=Q Qxh8 59. Qxg5 {
Black has kept his advantage of two pawns.} 59... Qd4+ 60. Kf1 a4 61. Qf5+ Kc6
62. Qc8 Kb5 $1 63. Ke1 (63. Qxc7 Qc4+ $1) 63... c5 64. Qb7+ Kc4 65. Qf7+ Kc3
66. Qf3+ Qd3 67. Qf6+ Kb3 68. Qb6+ Kc2 $1 69. Qa7 Qc3+ 70. Ke2 a3 71. Qa4+ Kb2
72. Qb5+ Qb3 $1 {The best players of the world showed great accuracy in the
endgame, a fine achievement for those days. Anderssen had a good start of the
match. Morphy won eventually.} 0-1

[Event "Paulsen"]
[Site "London 1862"]
[Date "1833.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Hannah, James"]
[Black "Paulsen, Louis"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C65"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "100"]
[EventDate "1833.??.??"]

{Louis Paulsen (1833-1891) was a prudent and accurate player. He slowly moves
forward in this endgame.} 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 4. c3 Nxe4 5. Qe2 Nd6
6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Qxe5+ Qe7 8. d4 f6 9. Qxe7+ Bxe7 10. Bf4 Bg4 11. Nbd2 O-O-O 12.
O-O g5 13. Rfe1 Rde8 14. Bg3 Bd8 15. Bxd6 cxd6 {The position seems to be equal,
but Paulsen shows how the advantage of the pair of bishops can be utilised.}
16. Ne4 Kc7 17. Nfd2 f5 18. Ng3 f4 19. Ngf1 $6 {The knight becomes too passive.
} ({Wiser is} 19. Nge4) 19... h5 20. f3 Bf5 21. Kf2 d5 22. Rxe8 Rxe8 23. Re1
Rxe1 24. Kxe1 Bf6 {The adjacent bishops are called Horwitz bishops. Their
combined strength works murderously.} 25. Nb3 b6 26. Ke2 a5 27. Nc1 Kd6 28. Nd3
c5 29. dxc5+ bxc5 30. Kd2 c4 {The knights are driven back systematically.} 31.
Nc1 g4 32. Ke2 $2 {The king occupies an important square for a knight.} ({
Correct is} 32. Ke1 gxf3 33. gxf3 Ke5 34. Ne2 $1) 32... a4 33. a3 Kc5 34. Kd2
gxf3 35. gxf3 d4 $1 36. Ne2 (36. cxd4+ Bxd4 {costs a pawn.}) 36... Bh3 37. Ke1
Bh4+ 38. Nfg3 fxg3 39. cxd4+ Kd5 40. hxg3 Bg5 41. f4 Bf6 42. Nc3+ Kxd4 43. Nxa4
Kd3 44. Kd1 Bd4 45. Nc3 Bxc3 46. bxc3 Kxc3 47. a4 Kb4 48. Kd2 Kxa4 49. Kc3 Kb5
50. Kb2 Kb4 {The advantage of the pair of bishops in an open position is used 
for the first time in an endgame.} 0-1

[Event "Paulsen"]
[Site "Crefeld 1871 playoff"]
[Date "1833.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Anderssen, Adolf"]
[Black "Paulsen, Louis"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C11"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "124"]
[EventDate "1833.??.??"]

{Paulsen applied consolidation in an excellent manner.} 1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3.
Nc3 Nf6 4. Bd3 c5 5. exd5 exd5 6. Nf3 Nc6 7. O-O c4 8. Be2 Bb4 9. Bd2 O-O 10.
b3 cxb3 11. axb3 Ne4 12. Nb5 Nxd2 13. Nxd2 a6 14. Nf3 Bg4 15. c3 Ba5 16. b4
Bxb4 17. cxb4 axb5 18. Rxa8 Qxa8 19. Bxb5 Nxb4 20. Qb3 Bxf3 21. Qxb4 Be4 22. f3
Bf5 23. Qc5 Qa5 24. Rc1 Be6 25. Bd3 Qd2 26. Qc3 Qg5 27. g3 g6 28. f4 Qh5 29.
Qe1 Re8 30. Qe5 Qf3 31. Qe2 Qxe2 32. Bxe2 {
The extra pawn on b7 needs protection.} 32... Bd7 $1 33. Bf3 Bc6 34. Rc5 Rd8
35. Kf2 f6 36. h4 h6 37. Ke3 Kf7 38. f5 $5 g5 $1 39. hxg5 fxg5 $1 {
Paulsen creates chances on the kingside.} 40. g4 Kf6 41. Rc1 $6 Re8+ $1 42. Kd3
$2 ({Support to the kingside gives} 42. Kf2 $1 h5 43. gxh5 Kxf5 44. Rc5 Kf4 45.
Bxd5 Bxd5 46. Rxd5 Rh8 47. Rd7) 42... h5 $1 43. Rh1 $2 ({Correct is} 43. gxh5
Kxf5 44. Rg1) 43... h4 $1 44. Ra1 Ke7 45. Kd2 Kd6 46. Ra3 Bb5 47. Rb3 Bc6 48.
Ra3 h3 $1 {A diversion begins.} 49. Bh1 Rh8 50. Ke3 {
The king returns to his side.} 50... b5 51. Kf2 h2 52. Kg3 b4 $1 {
Black sacrifices a pawn for an undisturbed advance on the queenside.} 53. Rb3
Rb8 54. Kxh2 Ba4 55. Rh3 Rd8 $3 {The d-pawn needs to be consolidated again.}
56. Bg2 Bc2 57. Bf1 b3 58. Rh6+ Kc7 59. Rh7+ Rd7 60. Rxd7+ Kxd7 61. Bb5+ Kc7
62. Ba4 Bd1 $1 {Black threatens ..b2.} (62... Bd1 63. Bb5 Bxg4 {
Paulsen showed great patience.}) 0-1

[Event "Steinitz"]
[Site "Wien 1873"]
[Date "1834.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Bird, Henry"]
[Black "Steinitz, Wilhelm"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C80"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "100"]
[EventDate "1834.??.??"]

{Wilhelm Steinitz (1834-1900) is regarded as the first world champion. He
applied the strategic dogma of Cluley: an attack has to be prepared. Steinitz
is called the founder of positional chess. He applied this approach in Vienna
1873.} 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5
8. Nxe5 Nxe5 9. dxe5 c6 10. c3 Bc5 11. Nd2 Nxd2 12. Bxd2 Qh4 13. Kh1 O-O 14. f4
Bg4 15. Qe1 Qxe1 16. Raxe1 Bf5 17. Be3 Bxe3 18. Rxe3 {Black has a pawn
majority on the queenside, a structural strength. It gives an advantage
because White cannot take the initiative on the kingside.} 18... Rad8 {
Black prepares the advance of the c- and d-pawn.} 19. Rd1 Rd7 20. h3 $5 h5 21.
Rd2 Rfd8 22. Bd1 g6 23. Bf3 c5 {An important advance is carried out.} 24. g4
hxg4 25. hxg4 Be6 26. Kg2 d4 27. cxd4 Rxd4 28. Rxd4 Rxd4 {
Black has activated his pawn majority.} 29. Kg3 Rd2 30. Kh4 $1 {
White starts a vicious counterattack.} 30... Kf8 ({
Black avoids the complications of} 30... Rxb2 31. Kg5 Bxa2 32. f5) 31. Kg5 Ke7
32. f5 Bxa2 33. Rc3 $6 ({Better is} 33. Ra3 Bd5 34. Bxd5 Rxd5 35. Rxa6 Rxe5 36.
Ra7+) 33... Bc4 34. Bb7 gxf5 35. gxf5 a5 36. b3 Rd3 37. f6+ Kd7 38. Rxd3+ Bxd3
39. Bd5 Ke8 40. Bc6+ $2 {White loses an important tempo.} ({Correct is} 40. Kf4
$1 Kf8 41. Ke3 Bf5 42. Kd2 Be6 43. Bxe6 fxe6 44. Kc3 {The pawn ending is drawn.
}) 40... Kf8 41. Kf4 Bc2 42. Bd5 (42. Bxb5 Bxb3 43. Ke3 a4 44. Kd2 a3 {
and Black wins.}) 42... a4 43. bxa4 bxa4 44. e6 fxe6 45. Bxe6 Bb3 46. Bf5 a3
47. Bb1 a2 48. Bxa2 Bxa2 49. Ke3 Kf7 50. Kd3 Kxf6 {Contemporaries found his
new style boring. The game makes a modern impression nowadays.} 0-1

[Event "Steinitz"]
[Site "Hastings 1895"]
[Date "1834.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Schiffers, Emanuel"]
[Black "Steinitz, Wilhelm"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C49"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "102"]
[EventDate "1834.??.??"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. Nc3 Nc6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. Nd5 Nxd5 6. exd5 e4 7. dxc6 dxc6
8. Be2 exf3 9. Bxf3 O-O 10. O-O Bd6 11. d4 f5 12. c4 Be7 13. d5 c5 14. Bd2 Bd6
15. Rc1 Qf6 16. Bc3 Qh6 17. g3 f4 18. Bg4 fxg3 19. hxg3 Bxg3 20. fxg3 Rxf1+ 21.
Qxf1 Bxg4 22. Qf4 Qxf4 23. gxf4 {White is lost if we believe the tournament
book. Actually Steinitz wins by superior play.} 23... Rd8 24. Be5 Rd7 25. Kf2
Kf7 26. Rg1 h5 27. Kg3 Kg6 28. b3 Kf5 29. Re1 Re7 {Black threatens ..g5.} 30.
Bc3 Rxe1 31. Bxe1 {White has structural weaknesses on the queenside.} 31... g6
32. Bc3 Bd1 33. Be5 $1 {A counterattack gives sufficient chances.} 33... g5 $1
34. Bxc7 gxf4+ 35. Kf2 Bc2 36. Bb8 a6 37. Kf3 $6 ({De Zeeuw has found} 37. Ba7
$1 Bb1 38. a3 Bc2 39. d6 Ke6 40. Bxc5 Bxb3 41. Kf3 Bxc4 42. Kxf4 {
and White draws due to the bishops of opposite colour.}) 37... Be4+ $1 {
Black wins a tempo.} 38. Kf2 Bb1 39. Bd6 $2 {White misses the narrow escape.} (
39. a3 $1 Ba2 40. b4 $1 cxb4 41. d6 Ke6 42. axb4 Bxc4 43. Kf3 b6 44. Bc7 a5 45.
bxa5 b5 $1 46. a6 b4 47. a7 Bd5+ 48. Kxf4 b3 49. d7 $1 Kxd7 50. Be5 Ke6 51. Bb2
{draws.}) 39... Bxa2 40. Bxf4 Bxb3 41. d6 Ke6 42. Ke3 Bxc4 43. Kd2 Bb5 44. Kc3
Bc6 45. Kc4 b6 46. Bg3 Bd5+ 47. Kc3 b5 48. Kd3 a5 49. Ke3 a4 50. Kd3 a3 51. Kc2
b4 {Steinitz showed solid endgame technics.} 0-1

[Event "Steinitz"]
[Site "W Ch Havana 1889"]
[Date "1834.??.??"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Chigorin, Mikhail"]
[Black "Steinitz, Wilhelm"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C52"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "112"]
[EventDate "1834.??.??"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. b4 Bxb4 5. c3 Ba5 6. O-O Qf6 7. d4 Nge7 8.
Bg5 Qd6 9. d5 Nd8 10. Qa4 b6 11. Na3 a6 12. Bb3 Bxc3 13. Rac1 Qb4 14. Nb5 Qxb5
15. Qxb5 axb5 16. Rxc3 {White controls more area as compensation for two pawns.
} 16... c5 $1 {Steinitz starts a counterattack.} ({Unpleasant is} 16... f6 17.
Be3 Ra7 18. Rfc1) 17. dxc6 Ndxc6 18. Bxe7 $6 ({Preferable is} 18. Be3) 18...
Kxe7 19. Bd5 f6 $1 20. Bxc6 dxc6 21. Rxc6 Bd7 22. Rxb6 Rhb8 $1 {
Black shows harmonic play.} ({The greedy} 22... Rxa2 23. Rb7 Rd8 24. Rd1 {
leads to another bind.}) 23. Rxb8 Rxb8 24. Rb1 Bc6 $1 25. Re1 ({
Steinitz mentions} 25. Nd2 Rd8 26. Rb2 Bxe4 $1) 25... Ra8 26. Re2 Ra4 27. Rb2
Rxe4 28. h3 Kd6 29. Nd2 Ra4 30. f3 f5 $5 31. Kf2 Ra3 32. Nb1 Rd3 33. Ke2 e4 $5
34. Nd2 Ra3 35. fxe4 fxe4 36. Nb1 Rg3 37. Kf2 Rd3 38. Ke2 h5 39. Nd2 Rg3 40.
Kf2 Ra3 41. Nf1 Bd5 42. Rxb5 Rxa2+ 43. Ke3 Rxg2 $6 ({Steinitz suggests} 43...
Kc6) 44. Kd4 $1 Bc6 45. Rxh5 Ra2 $2 ({Correct is} 45... Rf2 $1 46. Ne3 Rd2+ 47.
Kc4 Bd7) 46. Ne3 $2 (46. Rg5 $1 {forces a draw (Steinitz).}) 46... Rd2+ 47. Kc4
Bd7 48. Rg5 Be6+ 49. Kb4 Rd4+ 50. Kb5 Rd3 51. Nc4+ Bxc4+ 52. Kxc4 Rd1 $1 53.
Rxg7 ({Or} 53. Rg6+ Ke5 54. Rxg7 Rc1+) 53... e3 54. Rg2 Ke5 55. Kc3 Ke4 56. Kc2
Rf1 {Steinitz played very well at the beginning of the endgame. Thereafter it
became a hard battle for victory.} 0-1

[Event "Morphy"]
[Site "New York 1857"]
[Date "1837.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Morphy, Paul"]
[Black "Paulsen, Louis"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "B40"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "127"]
[EventDate "1837.??.??"]

{Paul Morphy (1837-1884) was the first complete chess player. He was mainly
active in 1857 and 1858 and defeated everybody.} 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 e6 3. d4 cxd4
4. Nxd4 Bc5 5. Be3 Qb6 6. Nb5 Nf6 7. Bxc5 Qxc5 8. Nd6+ Ke7 9. Nxc8+ Rxc8 10.
Bd3 Nc6 11. O-O h5 12. Nd2 h4 13. h3 g5 14. a3 Rg8 15. b4 Qb6 16. Nc4 Qc7 17.
f3 Ne5 18. Nxe5 Qxe5 19. Qd2 Rg7 20. Rad1 Rd8 21. Qf2 b6 22. f4 gxf4 23. Qxf4
Qg5 24. Rf2 Qxf4 25. Rxf4 {
White has a slight advantage due to the pressure on h4.} 25... Rdg8 ({
Black can liberate his position by} 25... d5 $1 26. exd5 Nxd5 $1 27. Rxh4 Ne3
28. Rd2 Nxc2 $1 29. Rxc2 Rxd3 30. Rc7+ Rd7) 26. Rd2 Rh8 {
The rook moves to a passive place.} 27. e5 Nd5 28. Rd4 f6 29. exf6+ Nxf6 30.
Rc4 Kd8 31. a4 Nd5 32. Be4 Nc7 33. Bf3 d5 $5 34. Rc6 Rd7 $6 ({Better is} 34...
Rf8 $1 35. Bg4 Kd7) 35. Bg4 Rh6 36. Re2 Ke7 37. Kh2 Kf7 38. g3 hxg3+ 39. Kxg3
Re7 40. h4 Ne8 41. h5 Nf6 $1 (41... Nc7 $2 {Strangulation results from} 42. Kh4
Kg7 43. Kg5 Rf6 44. c3) 42. Rcxe6 Rxe6 43. Bxe6+ Kg7 $2 ({Fiske suggests} 43...
Kf8 $1 {The idea is} 44. Re5 Rxh5 45. Rxh5 Nxh5+ 46. Kf3 Ke7 47. Bxd5 {
White has won a pawn, but Black will be able to defend himself.}) 44. Bg4 Nxh5+
45. Bxh5 Rxh5 46. Re7+ Kf6 ({Better seems to be} 46... Kf8 47. Rxa7 Re5 48. Ra6
Re3+ 49. Kf2 Ra3 $1 50. a5 $1 {but} 50... bxa5 51. Rxa5 Rc3 52. Rc5 Rxc5 53.
bxc5 Ke7 54. Ke3 Kd7 55. Kd4 Kc6 56. c3 {leads to a white win.}) 47. Rxa7 Ke5
48. Ra6 Rg5+ 49. Kf3 Rf5+ 50. Ke2 b5 ({Fiske mentions} 50... Rf6 51. a5 bxa5
52. Rxf6 Kxf6 53. bxa5 {and White wins.}) 51. axb5 Rf4 52. c3 d4 $1 {
Black grabs his last chance.} 53. c4 $1 Rh4 54. c5 Rh2+ 55. Kd3 Rh3+ 56. Kc2
Rh2+ 57. Kb3 Rh3+ 58. Ka4 (58. Kc4 $4 Rc3#) 58... Kd5 59. Rd6+ Kc4 60. c6 Rh1
61. Rxd4+ $1 ({Morphy avoids the prosaic} 61. Ka5) 61... Kxd4 62. c7 Rh8 63. b6
Kc4 64. b7 {Paulsen was defeated in a game that lasted ten hours.} 1-0

[Event "Morphy"]
[Site "Paris 1858"]
[Date "1837.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Morphy, Paul"]
[Black "Harrwitz, Daniel"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C41"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "95"]
[EventDate "1837.??.??"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 exd4 4. Qxd4 Nf6 5. e5 dxe5 6. Qxd8+ Kxd8 7. Nxe5 Be6
{Harrwitz hopes to survive in the endgame.} 8. Nc3 Bd6 9. Nc4 Bxc4 10. Bxc4
Re8+ 11. Be3 Ke7 $2 ({Maroczy advices} 11... Ng4 $1 {with a plus for White.})
12. O-O-O a6 13. Bg5 Nbd7 14. Ne4 h6 15. Bxf6+ ({Or} 15. Rhe1 Kf8 $1) 15...
Nxf6 16. Nxd6 cxd6 17. Rhe1+ Kf8 18. Rxe8+ Nxe8 {
White has a better development. He also controls the blocking square d5.} 19.
Bd5 Rb8 20. Bf3 g6 21. c3 Ke7 22. Re1+ Kf8 23. Kc2 Nc7 24. Kb3 $6 Ne6 25. Ka4
$6 b6 $6 (25... Nc5+ $1 26. Ka3 {leads to a loss of time for White.}) 26. b4 h5
27. h4 Ke7 28. Re3 Kd7 29. Bd5 Re8 30. Kb3 Rg8 {A wrong plan is chosen.} 31.
Rf3 Ke7 32. a4 a5 $6 (32... Rb8 {protects the queenside.}) 33. Bxe6 $5 Kxe6 $2
{Black blunders.} (33... fxe6 $1 34. Kc4 g5 35. Rg3 g4 36. Kb5 d5 $1 37. Kxb6
$5 axb4 38. cxb4 Rb8+ 39. Kc5 Rc8+ {White has to accept perpetual check.}) 34.
Kc4 g5 35. Kb5 axb4 36. cxb4 gxh4 37. Kxb6 Rb8+ ({Awful is} 37... Rxg2 38. a5)
38. Ka5 Kd5 39. Rd3+ Kc4 40. Rxd6 Rxb4 41. Rd4+ Kxd4 42. Kxb4 f5 43. f4 Ke3 44.
a5 Kf2 45. a6 Kxg2 46. a7 h3 47. a8=Q+ Kg1 48. Qf3 {
Morphy accumulated advantages.} 1-0

[Event "Blackburne"]
[Site "Wien 1873"]
[Date "1841.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Blackburne, Joseph"]
[Black "Fleissig, Miksa"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D31"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "205"]
[EventDate "1841.??.??"]

{Joseph Blackburne (1841-1924) was a courageous attacker. His ability in the
endgame is shown in this long game.} 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 b6 4. Bf4 Bd6 5.
Bg3 Nf6 6. Nf3 Nc6 7. e3 Ne7 8. Rc1 Bb7 9. Qb3 dxc4 10. Bxc4 O-O 11. Bd3 Ned5
12. Bh4 Nxc3 13. bxc3 Be7 14. Qb1 g6 15. Ne5 Nh5 16. Bg3 Ng7 17. h4 f5 18. f3
Nh5 19. Bf2 Bf6 20. Nc4 Qe8 21. Nd2 Kh8 22. Rh2 Ng7 23. Kf1 e5 24. Kg1 f4 25.
e4 Rd8 26. d5 Be7 27. c4 c5 28. Qb2 Bd6 29. Qa3 Ra8 30. Rb1 Qe7 31. Nb3 Bc8 32.
Nc1 Bd7 33. Bc2 Rfd8 34. Nd3 Ne8 35. Qb2 Ng7 36. Re1 Rf8 37. Bd1 Nh5 38. a3
Rab8 39. a4 Kg8 40. Re2 Kh8 41. Be1 Kg8 42. Bc3 Rfe8 43. Qa1 a6 44. Rb2 b5 45.
axb5 axb5 46. Bb3 b4 47. Be1 Ra8 48. Ra2 Rxa2 49. Qxa2 Rb8 50. Qa7 Kf8 51. Kf1
Be8 52. Qxe7+ Kxe7 {White has to develop his rook.} 53. Bf2 Ra8 $1 54. Ke2 {
Capture on c5 will lead to an imprisoned king.} 54... Ra3 55. Nc1 Ba4 $5 {
Black plays for a win.} 56. Bxa4 Rxa4 57. Kd2 Ra3 58. Kc2 $1 Rc3+ 59. Kb2 Rxc4
60. Ne2 $1 b3 {Black has to return the pawn.} 61. Kxb3 Rb4+ 62. Kc2 Ra4 63. Nc3
Ra1 64. Nd1 Nf6 65. Rh1 Nd7 66. Kb2 Ra7 67. Nc3 Nb6 68. Rb1 Na4+ $2 {
Exchanges favour White.} 69. Kc2 Nxc3 70. Kxc3 Ra2 71. Rb2 Rxb2 72. Kxb2 Kd7 {
Black has the bad bishop.} 73. Be1 $1 Kc7 74. Ba5+ Kb7 75. Kb3 Ka6 76. Ka4 Bb8
{Fleissig has to remain passively.} ({The pointe is} 76... c4 $2 77. Bb4 $1)
77. Bd8 Bd6 78. Bg5 Bf8 ({The way to freedom of} 78... Kb6 79. h5 c4 80. hxg6
hxg6 81. Bh4 Kc5 $4 82. Bf2# {ends in a disaster.}) 79. Bf6 $1 Bd6 80. Bd8 $1 {
White has lost a tempo.} 80... h6 81. Bf6 Kb6 82. h5 $1 gxh5 83. Bh4 Ka6 84.
Bd8 Bb8 {Black has to weaken his position again.} 85. Be7 Kb6 86. Bf8 h4 87.
Be7 h3 88. gxh3 h5 89. h4 $2 {The pawn goes to a wrong square.} ({
The game is beautifully ended by} 89. Bf8 $1 Bc7 90. d6 Bb8 91. d7 Kc7 92. Bd6+
$1) 89... Kc7 90. Kb5 Kd7 91. Bxc5 $2 {White misses a good chance again.} (91.
Bf8 $3 Bc7 92. Kxc5 Bd8 93. Bg7 $1 Bxh4 (93... Be7+ $2 94. d6 $1) 94. Bxe5 Bg3
(94... Bf2+ 95. Kc4 Bg3 96. Kd3 $1) 95. Bd4 h4 96. e5 h3 97. e6+ Ke7 98. Kc6 $1
h2 99. Bc5+ Kf6 100. e7 h1=Q 101. e8=Q Qxf3 102. Qe6+ Kg7 103. Bd4+ {
The queen and bishop will deliver mate eventually.}) 91... Bc7 92. Bf2 Bd8 93.
Kc5 Ba5 $1 {The bishop moves outside of the own pawn chain.} ({Avoids} 93...
Be7+ $2 94. d6 $1 Bxd6+ 95. Kd5 Bc7 96. Be1 Bd6 97. Bc3) 94. d6 Bc3 95. Kd5 Bb2
96. Be1 Bd4 97. Bb4 {This position would be won without pawn d5.} 97... Ba1 $2
{Accuracy lacks.} ({The variation} 97... Bb2 $1 98. Bd2 Ba1 $1 99. Bc1 Bc3 $1 {
shows the three supplementary squares.}) 98. Kc4 $1 {White forces the exchange
of bishops. If the black bishop had been on b2, it could have moved to c1.}
98... Bb2 99. Bc3 Bxc3 100. Kxc3 Kxd6 101. Kb4 $1 Kc6 102. Kc4 {
Opposition decides the game.} 102... Kd6 103. Kb5 1-0

[Event "Zukertort"]
[Site "W Ch New Orleans 1886"]
[Date "1842.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Zukertort, Johannes"]
[Black "Steinitz, Wilhelm"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "B14"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "171"]
[EventDate "1842.??.??"]

{Zukertort (1842-1888) was a violent attacker with a sense of positional play.
He played in the first world championship match with Steinitz.} 1. d4 d5 2. c4
e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bf4 c5 5. e3 cxd4 6. exd4 dxc4 7. Bxc4 Nc6 8. Nf3 Be7 9. O-O
O-O 10. Re1 Bd7 11. Qe2 Qa5 12. Nb5 a6 13. Bc7 b6 14. Nc3 Rfc8 15. Bf4 b5 16.
Bb3 Qb6 17. Red1 Na5 18. Bc2 Nc4 19. Bd3 Nd6 20. Ne5 Be8 21. Bg5 Qd8 22. Qf3
Ra7 23. Qh3 h6 24. Be3 Rac7 25. d5 b4 26. Ne2 Nxd5 27. Bxa6 Ra8 28. Bd3 Bf6 29.
Bd4 Nb5 30. Nf3 Nxd4 31. Nfxd4 Ra5 32. Qf3 Ba4 33. Re1 Ne7 34. Qe4 g6 35. b3
Be8 36. Bc4 Nf5 37. Nxe6 fxe6 38. Bxe6+ Kg7 39. Rad1 Qe7 40. Nf4 Re5 41. Qb1
Rxe1+ 42. Rxe1 Bc3 43. Nd5 Qc5 44. Nxc7 Qxc7 45. Rd1 Nd4 46. Bc4 Bc6 47. Qd3
Ba8 48. Qe3 Qd6 49. a3 Bc6 50. axb4 Qf6 51. Kf1 Nb5 52. Qe6 Qxe6 53. Bxe6 Bxb4
{The unequal material favours White.} 54. Bd7 $1 Nc3 55. Rd4 Bxd7 56. Rxd7+ Kf6
57. Rd4 {The minor pieces lack cooperation.} 57... Be7 58. b4 Ke5 59. Rc4 Nb5
60. Rc6 Bd6 61. Rb6 Nd4 62. Rb7 $1 {The mobile rook moves to the other flank.}
62... g5 63. b5 Kd5 64. b6 Kc6 65. Rh7 Kxb6 66. Rxh6 Kc7 67. h4 $1 gxh4 68.
Rxh4 {The pawn exchanges have resulted in two connected passed pawns.} 68...
Nf5 69. Rh7+ Kd8 70. g4 Ne7 ({The restriction of the white king in} 70... Nd4
71. Kg2 Bf4 {is ended by} 72. Rb7 Ke8 73. Rb4 Ne6 74. Kf3) 71. Kg2 Ke8 72. Kf3
Bc5 ({If Black controls f4 by} 72... Ng6 {the white king moves to e4 and f5.})
73. Rh5 Bd4 74. Kg3 Kf7 75. f4 Bc3 76. Rb5 Be1+ 77. Kf3 Bc3 78. g5 Ba1 79. Kg4
Bc3 80. f5 Bd4 81. Rb7 Bc3 82. Kh5 {Black has a sort of bastion.} 82... Bd4 $6
({Better is} 82... Bg7 $1 83. Rb5 Ng8 84. Rb8 Ne7 85. Rb7 $1 {
White has lost a tempo. Black experiences zugzwang.} 85... Be5 86. Kh6 $1) 83.
Kh6 $1 Bg7+ 84. Kh7 Be5 85. g6+ Kf8 86. Rxe7 $1 {Zukertort lost the match
eventually, because he collapsed during the final stage.} 1-0

[Event "Berger"]
[Site "Theorie und Praxis der Schach"]
[Date "1845.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Berger, Johann"]
[Black "?"]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "1k6/8/p5p1/6p1/6P1/5P1P/6PK/8 w - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "10"]
[EventDate "1845.??.??"]

{Berger (1845-1933) was a great theorist of the endgame. He also composed
studies.} 1. f4 $1 ({No good is} 1. h4 $2 gxh4 2. f4 Kc7 3. f5 Kd7 $1) 1... Kc7
$1 2. fxg5 $1 a5 3. Kg3 a4 4. Kh4 a3 5. g3 a2 {It ends with self stalemate.}
1/2-1/2

[Event "Chigorin"]
[Site "Budapest 1896"]
[Date "1850.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Chigorin, Mikhail"]
[Black "Tarrasch, Siegbert"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C65"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "101"]
[EventDate "1850.??.??"]

{Chigorin (1850-1908) was a great attacker and an accurate player in the
endgame.} 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 4. Qe2 d6 5. d4 exd4 6. e5 d3 7. cxd3
dxe5 8. Nxe5 Bb4+ 9. Bd2 O-O 10. Bxc6 Bxd2+ 11. Nxd2 bxc6 12. Nxc6 Qd6 13. Ne7+
Kh8 14. Nxc8 Raxc8 15. O-O Rfd8 16. Ne4 Qxd3 17. Qxd3 Rxd3 18. Nxf6 gxf6 {
The black pawns are weak.} 19. Rfd1 $1 {White has to play actively.} 19... Rcd8
20. Rxd3 Rxd3 21. g3 Rd2 22. Rc1 $1 {Another active move secures the advantage.
} 22... Rxb2 23. Rxc7 Rxa2 ({Levenfisch mentions the alternative} 23... Kg7 $5
24. Rxa7 Kg6) 24. Rxf7 {The black pawns have remained weak.} 24... Ra6 25. Kg2
Kg8 26. Rb7 Ra2 27. h4 a6 ({My preference goes to} 27... a5 $1 28. Ra7 Ra4) 28.
Kf3 h5 ({Levenfish and Smyslov give} 28... Ra4 29. h5 h6 {
as an alternative. Black will sacrifice the a-pawn and draw.}) 29. Rc7 Ra5 {
Black counters the threat 30. Rc5.} 30. Kf4 Kf8 31. f3 {
The advance on the kingside continues.} 31... Kg8 {
Black keeps his rook on the fifth rank and his king on f8 or g8.} 32. Ra7 Kf8
33. g4 $1 hxg4 34. fxg4 Ra1 $2 {
Suddenly Black changes his plan. The consequences are fatal.} ({Correct is} 
34... Kg8 35. h5 Rb5 $1 36. Rxa6 Kg7 {(Levenfish).}) 35. Kf5 Rf1+ 36. Kg6 Rf4
37. g5 $1 fxg5 ({The first point is} 37... Rxh4 38. Ra8+ Ke7 39. gxf6+) 38.
hxg5 Ra4 (38... Kg8 39. Ra8+ Rf8 40. Rxf8+ Kxf8 41. Kh7 {is the second point.})
39. Ra8+ Ke7 40. Kh6 a5 41. g6 Ra1 42. g7 Rh1+ 43. Kg6 Rg1+ 44. Kh7 Rh1+ 45.
Kg8 Ra1 (45... Rh5 46. Ra6 Ke8 47. Ra7 {leads to zugzwang.}) 46. Ra7+ Ke8 47.
Ra6 $1 {White threatens 48.Kh7.} 47... Rh1 48. Rxa5 Re1 49. Rh5 Rg1 50. Re5+
Kd7 51. Kh7 {Black lost although he had several good plans.  Chigorin became a
cult figure in Russia after the revolution.} 1-0

[Event "Weiss"]
[Site "New York 1889"]
[Date "1857.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Blackburne, Joseph"]
[Black "Weiss, Miksa"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C65"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "140"]
[EventDate "1857.??.??"]

{Max Weiss (1857-1927) was an accurate player. He refused to play a match
against Steinitz and preferred employment by Rothschild's bank.} 1. e4 e5 2.
Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 4. d4 exd4 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 O-O 7. Nxd4 Nxd4 8. Qxd4 d5 9.
exd5 Nxd5 10. Bc4 Be6 11. Bxd5 Bxd5 12. Nc3 Be6 13. Qe4 c6 14. Bf4 Re8 15. Rad1
Qb6 16. Na4 Qb4 17. Qxb4 Bxb4 18. Re4 Bg4 19. Rxe8+ Rxe8 {Steinitz: "Herr
Weiss is one of the greatest masters of simplifying positions, and he can well
rely on his judgment in the ending, which he conducts with exemplary skill".}
20. f3 Bf5 21. c3 Be7 22. b3 b5 23. Nb2 Bf6 24. Bd2 $5 Rd8 $1 {
The pressure increases.} 25. b4 h5 26. Be1 Rxd1 27. Nxd1 {
The Horwitz bishops are strong.} 27... Bc2 28. Ne3 Bb1 29. a3 Kf8 30. Kf2 Bd3
31. g3 Ke7 32. f4 $2 {Square e4 will become an entrance for the black king
(Steinitz). White should have kept the fortress intact.} 32... Ke6 33. Kf3 Bd8
34. Bf2 a5 35. Nd1 Bc2 36. Ne3 Bb3 37. Ke4 f5+ 38. Kd3 a4 $1 39. Ng2 Bc4+ 40.
Kd2 Kd5 41. Bd4 g6 {Blackburne stands on the edge of the ravine.} 42. Ne3+ $2 (
{The pawn sacrifice} 42. Nh4 $1 Bxh4 43. gxh4 Ke4 44. Be5 Kf3 45. Bd6 Kg4 46.
Ke3 Kxh4 47. Kf2 Kh3 48. Kg1 {leads to a defendable position.}) 42... Ke4 43.
Nxc4 bxc4 44. Ke2 {Black has the advantages of the good bishop and strong king.
Pawn a3 will become the fatal weakness.} 44... g5 $1 45. Be3 gxf4 46. Bxf4 Bf6
47. Bd2 h4 48. gxh4 Bxh4 49. Be3 Bf6 50. Bd2 f4 51. Be1 f3+ 52. Kf2 Bh4+ 53.
Kf1 Bxe1 $1 {Weiss has calculated a long and forced win.} 54. Kxe1 Kd3 55. h4
Kxc3 56. h5 Kb3 57. h6 c3 58. h7 c2 59. Kd2 f2 60. h8=Q c1=Q+ $1 61. Kxc1 f1=Q+
62. Kd2 Qf2+ 63. Kd3 Qc2+ 64. Ke3 Qc3+ 65. Qxc3+ Kxc3 66. Ke4 Kb3 67. Kd4 Kxa3
68. Kc3 Ka2 69. Kc2 a3 70. Kc1 Kb3 {Weiss played the best chess of 1889.} 0-1

[Event "Weiss"]
[Site "Vienna 1890"]
[Date "1857.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Albin, Adolf"]
[Black "Weiss, Miksa"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C29"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "150"]
[EventDate "1857.??.??"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nc3 Nf6 3. f4 d5 4. fxe5 Nxe4 5. d4 Bb4 6. Qf3 Nxc3 7. bxc3 Qh4+ 8.
g3 Qxd4 9. Ne2 Bg4 10. Qf4 Bxc3+ 11. Nxc3 Qxc3+ 12. Kf2 Qxc2+ 13. Bd2 Qf5 14.
h3 Qxf4+ 15. gxf4 Bf5 16. Bb4 Nd7 17. Rc1 c6 18. Bd6 Nf8 19. Rg1 Ne6 20. Rg3
Kd7 21. Rb3 b6 22. Rbc3 Nc5 23. Bxc5 bxc5 24. Rxc5 Rhc8 25. Ba6 Rc7 26. Bb5 Ke7
27. Rxc6 Rxc6 28. Rxc6 Bxh3 29. Rc7+ Kf8 30. Bd3 g6 31. Kg3 Be6 32. f5 gxf5 33.
Kf4 Rb8 34. a3 Rb3 35. Bxf5 Bxf5 36. Kxf5 Rf3+ 37. Kg5 Rxa3 38. e6 Rg3+ 39. Kf4
Rg7 40. e7+ Ke8 41. Ke5 Rg5+ 42. Kd6 Rg6+ 43. Kxd5 a5 44. Ra7 Re6 45. Kd4 a4
46. Kd5 h6 47. Kd4 Rxe7 48. Ra8+ Kd7 49. Rxa4 {The ending of rook plus bishop-
and rook-pawns versus rook became later known by the game Marshall-Rubinstein,
San Sebastian 1911.} 49... Re6 50. Kd5 $2 ({Correct is} 50. Ra8 $1 Ke7 51. Rh8
Kf6 $5 {Black almost wins but} 52. Rxh6+ Kf5 53. Rh5+ Kf4 54. Rh4+ Kg3 55. Rh5
Kg4 56. Rh1 f5 57. Rg1+ {draws.}) 50... Ke7 51. Rh4 Kf8 52. Rg4 Rg6 $2 {
The white king is allowed to cross the e-file.} ({The win is achieved by} 52...
h5 $1 53. Rh4 Kg7 $1 54. Rxh5 Re1 $1 55. Kd4 Kg6 56. Ra5 f5) 53. Rh4 Kg7 54.
Ke4 Rg1 55. Ke3 Kg6 56. Kf2 Kg5 $5 57. Ra4 Rb1 58. Kg3 Rb3+ 59. Kg2 h5 60. Kf2
f5 61. Kg2 h4 62. Kh2 $2 {The king leaves the ideal square too soon.} ({
Correct is} 62. Ra8 {(Goldman)} 62... h3+ 63. Kh2 $1 f4 64. Ra7 Kg4 65. Rg7+
Kf3 66. Ra7 $1 {A theoretical draw.}) 62... f4 63. Ra8 Kg4 64. Rg8+ Kf3 $1 {
This position is drawn, if the h-pawn has reached the third rank.} 65. Rf8 Rb2+
66. Kh3 Ke3 67. Re8+ ({Or} 67. Kxh4 f3 68. Kg3 Rg2+ 69. Kh3 Rg1 $1) 67... Kf2
68. Re4 f3 69. Rf4 Rb1 70. Kh2 Ke3 71. Rf8 f2 72. Re8+ Kd4 73. Rd8+ Ke5 74.
Re8+ Kd6 75. Rf8 f1=Q {Albin fought well, but the better play won.} 0-1

[Event "Tarrasch"]
[Site "Breslau 1889"]
[Date "1862.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Tarrasch, Siegbert"]
[Black "Berger, Johann"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C77"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "147"]
[EventDate "1862.??.??"]

{Siegbert Tarrasch (1862-1934) was the great teacher of chess.} 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3
Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. Nc3 Bb4 6. Nd5 Be7 7. d3 d6 8. Nb4 Bd7 9. Nxc6 Bxc6
10. Bxc6+ bxc6 11. O-O O-O 12. Qe2 c5 13. c3 Nd7 14. d4 exd4 15. cxd4 Bf6 16.
Be3 cxd4 17. Bxd4 Re8 18. Qc2 Bxd4 19. Nxd4 Nc5 20. f3 Qf6 21. Rfd1 Reb8 22.
Rab1 a5 23. Kh1 Rb6 24. Ne2 Ne6 25. Nc3 Rc6 26. Qa4 Rc5 27. Nd5 Qd8 28. Rbc1
Rxc1 29. Rxc1 c5 30. Rd1 Nd4 31. Qc4 Rb8 32. b3 Rc8 33. Rxd4 cxd4 34. Ne7+ Qxe7
35. Qxc8+ Qf8 36. Qxf8+ Kxf8 {The sixth congress of the German chess
federation took place in the city of Anderssen and Tarrasch.   White has a won
pawn ending.} 37. Kg1 Ke7 38. Kf2 d5 $1 39. e5 (39. exd5 {More easily wins}
39... Kd6 40. Ke2 Kxd5 41. a3 Kc5 42. Kd3 {(Nimzowitsch).}) 39... Ke6 40. Ke2 (
{Not} 40. f4 $2 g5 $1) 40... Kxe5 41. Kd3 h5 {Black needs counteraction.} 42.
a3 h4 43. b4 axb4 ({Or} 43... a4 44. f4+ $1) 44. axb4 Kd6 45. Kxd4 Kc6 46. b5+
$2 ({Correct is} 46. f4 $1 Kb5 47. Kxd5 Kxb4 48. Kd6 Kc4 49. Ke7 Kd4 50. Kxf7
Ke4 51. g3 h3 52. Kxg7 Kf3 53. f5 Kg2 54. f6 Kxh2 55. f7 Kxg3 56. f8=Q {
and Black lacks one tempo.}) 46... Kxb5 47. Kxd5 Kb4 $1 48. Kd4 (48. Kd6 Kc3 {
draws because White has lost a tempo.}) 48... Kb5 49. Ke5 Kc4 50. Kf4 Kd4 51.
Kg4 Ke5 $2 {The drawing king misses his chance.} (51... Ke3 $1 52. Kxh4 Kf2 53.
Kh3 g5 {draws.}) 52. Kxh4 Kf4 53. Kh5 $1 {The white king has remained mobile.}
53... Kf5 (53... Ke3 54. Kg4 Kf2 55. g3 $18) 54. g3 Kf6 55. Kg4 Kg6 {
The rest is simple, but White takes his time.} 56. Kf4 Kf6 57. Ke4 Ke6 58. Kd4
Kd6 59. Kc4 Kc6 60. f4 Kd6 61. Kd4 Ke6 62. Kc5 Ke7 63. Kd5 Kd7 64. Ke5 Ke7 65.
f5 f6+ 66. Kd5 Kd7 67. h3 Ke7 68. Kc6 Ke8 69. h4 Ke7 70. Kc7 Ke8 71. Kd6 Kd8
72. Ke6 Ke8 73. h5 Kf8 74. h6 {
This pawn endgame was still difficult for Tarrasch and Berger in these days.}
1-0

[Event "Tarrasch"]
[Site "St. Petersburg 1893"]
[Date "1862.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Tarrasch, Siegbert"]
[Black "Chigorin, Mikhail"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C82"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "125"]
[EventDate "1862.??.??"]

{Tarrasch and Chigorin played a long match (+9, =4, -9).} 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6
3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. c3 Bc5 10.
Nbd2 O-O 11. Bc2 Nxd2 12. Qxd2 Ne7 13. Ng5 Ng6 14. Qe2 Qd7 15. Be3 Bg4 16. Qd3
Bxe3 17. Qxe3 h6 18. e6 fxe6 19. Nxe6 Qxe6 20. Qxe6+ Bxe6 21. Bxg6 {Tarrasch of
fers a draw. Chigorin refuses because he wants to use the pawn majority on the
queenside.} 21... c5 22. Rfe1 {White occupies the open file.} 22... Rf6 (22...
Bf7 23. Bxf7+ Kxf7 24. Re5 Rad8 25. Rd1 Rfe8 {draws.}) 23. Bh5 Rd8 24. Re5 Kf8
$2 ({Great complications are started by} 24... d4 $1 25. Rxc5 dxc3 $1 26. Rxc3
Rd2 27. Rc6 Rfxf2 28. Rxe6 Rxg2+ 29. Kf1 Rdf2+ 30. Ke1 Rxb2 31. Re2 Rxh2 32.
Rxh2 Rxh2 33. Be2 Rh1+ 34. Bf1 Rh2 {Black can take a draw or play for a win.})
25. Rae1 Rd6 26. f4 $1 {Threatens f5.} 26... g6 27. Bxg6 Rxg6 28. f5 Rf6 $2 ({
Far stronger is} 28... Bxf5 29. Rxf5+ Rgf6) 29. fxe6 Ke7 30. Rd1 Rfxe6 31.
Rdxd5 Rxd5 32. Rxd5 {White seems to win.} 32... Re2 $1 {
But Black creates new chances.} 33. Rxc5 Rxb2 34. Rc6 Rxa2 35. Rxh6 a5 36. h4
a4 37. Ra6 Rc2 38. Ra5 Kf6 39. Rxb5 Rxc3 {
The connected passed pawns are dangerous.} 40. Kh2 Kg6 41. Ra5 a3 42. g3 Rc2+
43. Kh3 Ra2 $2 (43... a2 $1 {draws according to the present theory.}) 44. Kg4
Ra1 45. Ra6+ Kf7 46. Kg5 a2 {Black theatens ..Rg1.} 47. g4 Ke7 48. Ra7+ Ke8 49.
h5 Kf8 50. h6 Rb1 (50... Kg8 51. Kg6 {threatens mate.}) 51. Rxa2 Kg8 52. Ra8+
Kh7 53. Ra7+ Kh8 54. Rf7 Rb5+ 55. Kg6 Rb6+ 56. Rf6 Rb8 57. g5 Ra8 58. Rf5 Kg8
59. Rd5 Rb8 60. Kh5 Ra8 61. g6 Kh8 62. Rf5 Rg8 63. g7+ {
Tarrasch improved the theory of rook endings.} (63. g7+ Kh7 64. Rf8 Rxf8 65.
gxf8=B Kg8 66. Kg6 {ends the game with firework.}) 1-0

[Event "Tarrasch"]
[Site "Koeln 1911"]
[Date "1862.??.??"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Tarrasch, Siegbert"]
[Black "Schlechter, Carl"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C84"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "217"]
[EventDate "1862.??.??"]

{The match between Tarrasch and Schlechter ended in 8-8.} 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6
3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Nc3 d6 7. d4 Bd7 8. Bxc6 Bxc6 9. Qd3 exd4
10. Nxd4 O-O 11. Re1 Nd7 12. Nxc6 bxc6 13. Be3 Bf6 14. Rad1 Qb8 15. b3 Qb4 16.
Bd2 Qb7 17. Na4 Rfe8 18. Bc3 Re6 19. Bxf6 Nxf6 20. Re3 Rae8 21. Nc3 h6 22. h3
Qa7 23. Qd4 c5 24. Qd3 Qb7 25. Rde1 Qb4 26. f3 Qb7 27. R3e2 Qa7 28. Kh2 c6 29.
f4 Nd7 30. Rd1 d5 31. exd5 Rxe2 32. dxc6 Nb8 33. Nxe2 Nxc6 34. Ng3 Rd8 35. Qf3
Rxd1 36. Qxd1 Nd4 {Tarrasch has an extra pawn.} 37. c3 Ne6 38. f5 ({
Tarrasch prefers} 38. Qd6 $1) 38... Nf8 39. Qd5 Nd7 40. Ne4 Qb8+ 41. Qd6 Qa8 {
An exchange of pawns loses quickly. Black gives a pawn.} 42. Nxc5 Nxc5 43. Qxc5
{The win seems to be easy.} 43... Qb8+ $1 44. Kh1 Qf4 45. Qc4 $1 {
White prevents perpetual check.} 45... Qd2 46. Qxa6 Qc1+ 47. Kh2 Qf4+ 48. Kg1
Qe3+ 49. Kf1 Qxc3 50. Qe2 Qc1+ 51. Kf2 Qc5+ 52. Kg3 Qd6+ 53. Kf3 Qc6+ 54. Qe4
Qc3+ 55. Qe3 {The checks are ended at the cost of a pawn.} 55... Qc2 56. a4
Qxf5+ 57. Kg3 Qg6+ 58. Kh2 Qd6+ 59. Qg3 $1 Qb4 $1 60. a5 $1 {
White sacrifices a pawn for the advance of the b-pawn.} 60... Qxa5 61. Qb8+ Kh7
62. b4 Qg5 $1 63. b5 f5 64. b6 ({Tarrasch does not like} 64. Qe5 Qg6 {but} 65.
Qc7 $1 {gives winning chances.}) 64... Qe3 65. Qd6 $6 ({Better is} 65. Qc7 f4
66. Qc2+) 65... Qb3 $6 ({Schlechter misses} 65... f4 66. Qb4 f3) 66. Qc6 Qe3
67. Qd6 $6 Qb3 $6 68. Qc6 Qe3 69. Qd6 $6 Qb3 $6 70. Qc6 Qe3 71. Qb5 $1 {
Tarrasch finds the right plan.} 71... Qf4+ 72. Kg1 Qd4+ 73. Kf1 Qd1+ 74. Kf2
Qc2+ 75. Kg3 f4+ $5 76. Kf3 Qc3+ 77. Kxf4 Qd2+ 78. Kf3 ({Avoids} 78. Ke5 $4
Qg5+) 78... Qd1+ 79. Ke3 Qe1+ 80. Kf3 Qd1+ 81. Ke4 Qe1+ 82. Kd5 {
The advance continues at the cost of a pawn.} 82... Qd2+ 83. Ke6 Qxg2 84. b7 {
"Is it possible for White to escape from perpetual check and promote the
passed pawn" Tarrasch, Schlechter and Lasker asked themselves.} 84... Qg6+ (
84... Qxh3+ $4 85. Qf5+ $1) 85. Kd5 Qf5+ 86. Kc6 Qe6+ 87. Kc7 Qe7+ 88. Kb6 Qd8+
89. Ka7 Qd4+ 90. Ka8 {The king has found a safe haven.} 90... Qe4 91. Qa5 Qf3
92. Qb4 Qd5 93. Qb1+ $1 {Black has a difficult choice.} 93... g6 (93... Kg8 94.
Qg6 {is unpleasant.}) 94. Qc2 h5 $1 {The king gets an escape on the sixth rank.
} 95. h4 $6 ({Better is} 95. Qc7+) 95... Kh6 $6 (95... Qa5+ $1 96. Kb8 Qd8+ 97.
Qc8 Qxh4 98. Qd7+ Kh6 $1 {A win for White will be hard to find.}) 96. Qc7 $1 {
A fine manoeuvre starts.} 96... Qe4 97. Qd7 Qf3 98. Qe7 Qc6 99. Ka7 $1 {
The king starts a march.} 99... Qa4+ 100. Kb6 Qb3+ 101. Ka7 Qa4+ 102. Kb6 Qb3+
103. Kc7 Qc4+ 104. Kd7 Qb5+ 105. Kd8 Qb2 106. Ke8 Qh2 107. Kf8 Qb8+ 108. Kf7
Qf4+ 109. Kg8 {Black will be mated.} 1-0

[Event "Lasker"]
[Site "Logansport 1892"]
[Date "1868.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Lasker, Emanuel"]
[Black "Showalter, Jackson"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C65"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "135"]
[EventDate "1868.??.??"]

{Emanuel Lasker (1868-1941) was the second world champion. As an expert of the
endgame he had many successes at the final stage of the game.} 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3
Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 4. Qe2 Bc5 5. Bxc6 bxc6 6. Nxe5 O-O 7. c3 a5 8. d4 Ba6 9. Qf3
Re8 10. Bg5 Be7 11. Nd2 Rb8 12. b3 Qc8 13. c4 Bd8 14. O-O c5 15. Qh3 Re6 16.
Nef3 Nxe4 17. Nxe4 Rxe4 18. Bxd8 Qxd8 19. Qf5 Qe7 20. Rae1 Re6 21. d5 g6 22.
Qf4 Qd6 23. Qxd6 Rxd6 {White has achieved the better endgame.} 24. Ng5 $1 a4 (
24... Rdb6 25. Ne4 d6 26. Nf6+ Kg7 27. Nd7 {and White wins the exchange.}) 25.
Ne4 axb3 26. axb3 Rxb3 $1 (26... Rdb6 27. Nxc5 Bc8 28. Re7 d6 29. Ne4 Bf5 30.
Nd2 {White has an extra pawn.}) 27. Nxd6 cxd6 28. Rc1 Rb4 29. Rb1 Bxc4 $1 (
29... Rxc4 30. Rb6 Ra4 31. Rc1 {favours White.}) 30. Rxb4 cxb4 31. Rd1 Ba2 32.
Rd2 b3 33. Rb2 $1 {White prevents 33...Bb1. He still has the initiative.} 33...
Kg7 34. f4 Kf6 35. Kf2 g5 $1 {Black has to counterattack.} (35... Kf5 $2 36.
Kf3 h5 37. g3 f6 38. h3 g5 39. g4+ Kg6 40. f5+ {
White moves his king to c3 and wins.}) 36. Kf3 $1 h6 37. Ke4 Kg6 38. f5+ $5 {
White has to advance.} 38... Kf6 39. g4 Ke7 40. Kd4 Kf6 41. Ke4 Ke7 42. Kd3 $1
{The white king starts a triangle.} 42... Kf6 43. Kd4 Kg7 44. Kc3 h5 $1 (44...
Kf6 $2 45. Re2 b2 46. Rxb2 Bxd5 47. h3 h5 48. gxh5 Kxf5 49. Rb5 $18) 45. gxh5 (
45. h3 hxg4 46. hxg4 Kf6 47. Re2 b2 48. Kxb2 Bxd5 49. Re3 Bc6 {
leads to a defendable position for Black.}) 45... Kh6 46. Re2 ({Or} 46. Rd2 Bb1
) 46... b2 $1 ({Not} 46... Kxh5 $2 47. Kb2 $1 Kg4 48. f6 Kf5 49. Re7 Kxf6 50.
Rxd7) ({Or} 46... Bb1 $2 47. Re7 Bxf5 48. Rxf7) 47. Rxb2 Bxd5 48. Rd2 Be4 49.
Rxd6+ Kxh5 50. f6 Bf5 51. Kd4 Be6 52. Ke5 g4 $2 (52... Kg6 $1 {
Supplementary squares for rook and bishop are d3 + g4, d2 + f5 and d1 + h3.}
53. Rd4 $1 {Zugzwang.} 53... g4 $1 54. Rd1 Bf5 55. h3 d6+ $1 $11) 53. Rd3 $2 ({
Lasker misses} 53. Rd2 $1 Kg6 54. Rf2 $1) 53... Kg6 54. Rd2 Kg5 $2 ({Correct is
} 54... Bf5 $1 55. Rf2 d6+ $1 56. Kxd6 Kxf6) 55. Rf2 $1 Kg6 56. Kd6 $1 Kg5 57.
Ke7 {White has been able to improve the position of his king.} 57... Kh5 58.
Re2 Kg6 59. Re5 Bb3 60. Rb5 Be6 61. Rb6 Bc4 62. Rb8 Be6 63. Rh8 Kg5 ({Or} 63...
d5 64. Rd8 Kg5 65. Rd6 Kg6 66. Rxe6) 64. Rh7 d5 65. Rxf7 Bxf7 66. Kxf7 d4 ({
The first mate at the border shows} 66... g3 67. hxg3 d4 68. Kg7 d3 69. f7 d2
70. f8=Q d1=Q 71. Qf4+ Kh5 72. Qh4#) 67. Kg7 d3 68. f7 {Lasker reached a high
level in the endgame at the end of the nineteenth century.} (68. f7 d2 69. f8=Q
d1=Q 70. Qf6+ Kh5 71. Qh6# {The second mate at the border.}) 1-0

[Event "Lasker"]
[Site "W Ch New York 1907"]
[Date "1868.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Marshall, Frank"]
[Black "Lasker, Emanuel"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C65"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "98"]
[EventDate "1868.??.??"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 4. d4 exd4 5. O-O Be7 6. e5 Ne4 7. Nxd4 O-O 8.
Nf5 d5 9. Bxc6 bxc6 10. Nxe7+ Qxe7 11. Re1 Qh4 12. Be3 f6 13. f3 fxe5 14. fxe4
d4 15. g3 Qf6 16. Bxd4 exd4 17. Rf1 Qxf1+ 18. Qxf1 Rxf1+ 19. Kxf1 {
The endgame might end in a quick draw.} 19... Rb8 $3 {
Lasker weakens the queenside before he switches to the kingside.} ({The obvious
} 19... Bh3+ {creates less chances.}) 20. b3 Rb5 $1 {
Black takes the initiative in a brilliant way.} 21. c4 $5 ({Reti's variation} 
21. Nd2 Rh5 22. Kg2 Rc5 {also leads to a black plus.}) 21... Rh5 22. Kg1 (22.
h4 $2 g5 $1 23. hxg5 Rh2 {and Black wins.}) 22... c5 23. Nd2 Kf7 24. Rf1+ $2 {
Marshall loses time.} ({Correct is} 24. a3 $1 Rh6 25. b4 Ra6 {
and White has the time for} 26. bxc5 $1) 24... Ke7 25. a3 Rh6 26. h4 Ra6 27.
Ra1 $6 ({Slightly better is} 27. a4) 27... Bg4 28. Kf2 Ke6 29. a4 Ke5 30. Kg2
Rf6 31. Re1 d3 {An entrance for the king is created.} 32. Rf1 Kd4 33. Rxf6 gxf6
{Black finds a charming win.} 34. Kf2 c6 35. a5 a6 $1 {Zugzwang!} 36. Nb1 Kxe4
37. Ke1 Be2 38. Nd2+ Ke3 39. Nb1 f5 40. Nd2 h5 $1 {
Another zugzwang. The rest is simple.} 41. Nb1 Kf3 42. Nc3 Kxg3 43. Na4 f4 44.
Nxc5 f3 45. Ne4+ Kf4 46. Nd6 c5 47. b4 cxb4 48. c5 b3 49. Nc4 Kg3 0-1

[Event "Lasker"]
[Site "St.Petersbrug 1914"]
[Date "1868.??.??"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Lasker, Emanuel"]
[Black "Rubinstein, Akiba"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C82"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "131"]
[EventDate "1868.??.??"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5
Be6 9. c3 Bc5 10. Nbd2 O-O 11. Bc2 Nxd2 12. Qxd2 f6 13. exf6 Rxf6 14. Nd4 Nxd4
15. cxd4 Bb6 16. a4 Rb8 17. axb5 axb5 18. Qc3 Qd6 19. Be3 Bf5 20. Rfc1 Bxc2 21.
Rxc2 Re8 22. Rac1 Rfe6 23. h3 Re4 24. Qd2 R8e6 25. Rc6 Qd7 26. Rxe6 Qxe6 27.
Qd3 Qe8 28. Qc3 Kf7 29. Qd3 Kg8 30. Qc3 Qe6 31. Ra1 Qe8 32. Kf1 h6 33. Qd3 Kf7
34. Rc1 Kg8 35. Qb3 Qf7 36. Rd1 c6 37. f3 Qf6 38. Qd3 Re7 39. Bf2 Qd6 40. Qc2
Kf7 41. Rc1 Re6 42. Qf5+ Rf6 43. Qe5 Re6 44. Qxd6 Rxd6 {White has the better
pawn structure. He will take the initiative on the kingside.} 45. Ke2 Ke7 46.
Kd3 Rg6 {Black prevents Bg3-e5.} 47. g3 Rf6 48. f4 Kd7 49. Re1 Rf8 50. Ra1 h5
51. Be3 g6 52. Rf1 $1 Kd6 $2 ({Right is the prophylactic} 52... Bc7 $1 {
pressures on f4.} 53. g4 hxg4 54. hxg4 Ke6 {White cannot make progress.}) 53.
g4 hxg4 54. hxg4 c5 $2 {The next exchanges lead to a defeat.} ({
Tarrasch proposes} 54... Ke6 {Reinfeld and Fine continue with} 55. Re1 Kd7 56.
Rh1 Bc7 57. Rh7+ Kc8 $1 58. f5 gxf5 59. Bh6 $1 Rf6 60. Bg7 Rf7 61. g5 Re7 $1 ({
Reinfeld and Fine analyse} 61... f4 $2 62. g6 Rf5 63. Bh6 f3 64. g7 f2 65.
g8=Q+ Kb7 66. Rxc7+ $1) 62. g6 Re6 63. Bf6 Rxf6 64. g7 Rg6 65. Rh8+ Kd7 66.
g8=Q Rxg8 67. Rxg8 f4 {Black has a solid fortress.}) 55. dxc5+ Bxc5 56. Bxc5+
Kxc5 {Rubinstein defeated Lasker in a similar endings five years ago.} 57. f5
gxf5 58. gxf5 Rf6 {The blockade inactivates the rook.} 59. Rf4 b4 ({Or} 59...
d4 60. Ke4 Rd6 61. Rf3) 60. b3 $1 {Zugzwang.} 60... Rf7 61. f6 Kd6 62. Kd4 Ke6
63. Rf2 Kd6 {If Black exchanges, White wins the pawn ending easily.} 64. Ra2
Rc7 65. Ra6+ Kd7 66. Rb6 $1 {
The rook ending is well known from theoretical books.} ({
Dueckstein shows the elegant} 66. Rb6 Rc3 67. Rxb4 Rf3 68. Ke5 Rf1 69. Rf4 Rxf4
70. Kxf4 Ke6 71. f7) 1-0

[Event "Lasker"]
[Site "New York 1924"]
[Date "1868.??.??"]
[Round "4"]
[White "Lasker, Emanuel"]
[Black "Janowski, David"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C87"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "163"]
[EventDate "1868.??.??"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O d6 6. Re1 Bg4 7. c3 Be7 8. h3
Bh5 9. d3 Qd7 10. Bxc6 Qxc6 11. Bg5 Bg6 12. Nbd2 h6 13. Bxf6 Bxf6 14. Nf1 O-O
15. Ne3 Rae8 16. Qb3 Bd8 17. Qd5 Qxd5 18. Nxd5 {
Miracles happen in some endgames of Lasker.} 18... f5 $1 {
The pair of bishops is activated.} 19. Nd2 Bf7 20. Ne3 f4 $1 {
The battle will rage on several fronts.} 21. Nec4 Bf6 22. a4 Rd8 23. Na5 Rb8
24. Nf3 $2 {
Lasker makes a positional error. He moves the king's knight to passivity.} ({
Wiser is} 24. b4 Rfd8 25. Nac4) 24... g5 25. Nh2 h5 26. Nc4 Be6 27. f3 Rfd8 28.
Re2 Kf7 29. a5 Rg8 30. Ra4 Rbd8 31. Rb4 Bc8 {
Lasker's counter-play has no effect.} 32. b3 Rh8 33. Nb2 d5 $1 {
The centre is opened while the knights are away.} 34. exd5 Rxd5 35. Rc4 c6 36.
b4 Bf5 37. Rd2 Rhd8 38. Kf2 Rb5 $6 {Capture is okay.} ({Correct is} 38... Bxd3
39. Nxd3 Rxd3 40. Rxd3 Rxd3 41. Ke2 e4 $1 {(Alekhine).}) 39. Ke2 Rbd5 ({
Janowski discovered that} 39... Be6 {
does not win the exchange after ..Bxc4, according to Alekhine and Euwe.}) 40.
Kd1 $5 {Lasker was not a psychologist, but he expected the same blunder to
occur twice. He used his common sense.} 40... Ke6 $6 ({The capture} 40... Bxd3
41. Nxd3 Rxd3 42. Rxd3 Rxd3+ 43. Kc2 e4 $1 {wins.}) 41. Kc2 Be7 42. Nf1 c5 $1 {
Another strong attack begins} 43. bxc5 Bxc5 44. Ra4 R8d7 45. Rd1 Ba7 46. Ra3 g4
47. hxg4 hxg4 48. c4 R5d6 49. Nd2 Be3 $2 ({Better is} 49... Rh7) 50. Rh1 gxf3
51. gxf3 Rg7 52. Rh2 Bg1 53. Re2 Rg3 54. Nd1 $5 Rd7 (54... Bc5 55. Rb3 b6 56.
axb6 Bxb6) 55. Rb3 Rdg7 56. Nc3 Be3 $6 ({Or} 56... Rg2 $6 57. Rxb7 $1) 57. Nd5
$1 Rg2 58. Rxe3 $1 fxe3 59. Rb6+ Kd7 60. Nxe3 Kc7 $2 {
The tables turn completely.} (60... Re2 $1 61. Rxb7+ Kc6 {(Alekhine)} 62. Rb6+
$5 Kc7 {gives the last chance.}) 61. Nxf5 Rh7 62. Nd6 Rhh2 63. N6e4 Rh1 64. Kc3
Rc1+ 65. Kb4 Rd1 66. Nb3 Rxd3 67. Rxb7+ Kc8 68. Rf7 Rb2 69. Nec5 Rd6 70. Rf5
Re2 71. Ne4 Rd3 72. Rxe5 Rb2 73. Nec5 Rxf3 74. Re8+ Kc7 75. Re6 Rc2 76. Nxa6+
Kb7 77. Nac5+ Ka7 78. Re7+ Ka8 79. Na4 Rh2 80. Nbc5 Kb8 81. Rb7+ Kc8 82. a6 {
"Lasker plays such stupid chess. I cannot stand it!" Janowski used to say.} 1-0

[Event "Lasker"]
[Site "Deutsches Wochenschach 1890"]
[Date "1868.??.??"]
[Round "5"]
[White "Lasker, Emanuel"]
[Black "?"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "2K5/2P4R/8/k7/8/8/2r4p/8 w - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "19"]
[EventDate "1868.??.??"]

{Lasker composed an important study.} 1. Kb7 Rb2+ 2. Ka7 $1 Rc2 3. Rh5+ $1 {
The systematic movement of rooks and kings is called the Lasker manoeuvre.}
3... Ka4 4. Kb6 Rb2+ 5. Ka6 Rc2 6. Rh4+ Ka3 7. Kb6 Rb2+ 8. Ka5 Rc2 9. Rh3+ Ka2
10. Rxh2 $1 1-0

[Event "Teichmann"]
[Site "Karlsbad 1911"]
[Date "1868.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Rotlewi, Gersz"]
[Black "Teichmann, Richard"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "D61"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "138"]
[EventDate "1868.??.??"]

{Teichmann (1868-1925) was a quiet positional player. The greatest success was
his victory in Karlsbad 1911.} 1. d4 d5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. c4 e6 4. Nc3 Be7 5. Bg5
Nbd7 6. e3 O-O 7. Qc2 c5 8. O-O-O Qa5 9. cxd5 exd5 10. dxc5 Nxc5 11. Nd4 Be6
12. Kb1 Rac8 13. Bd3 h6 14. Bxf6 Bxf6 15. Bf5 Rfd8 16. Bxe6 fxe6 17. Qg6 Rd6
18. Rc1 Ra6 19. f3 Rd8 20. Rc2 Bxd4 21. exd4 e5 22. Qg4 exd4 23. Qxd4 Ne6 24.
Qe5 b5 25. b3 d4 26. Ne4 d3 27. Rd2 Nd4 28. Rc1 Nc2 29. Qb2 Na3+ 30. Ka1 Nc2+
31. Kb1 Na3+ 32. Ka1 Nc2+ 33. Kb1 Rc6 34. Rcd1 Rdc8 35. Rxd3 Na3+ 36. Ka1 b4
37. Rd7 Qe5 38. Rd8+ Rxd8 39. Rxd8+ Kh7 40. Rd1 Qxb2+ 41. Kxb2 Rc2+ 42. Ka1
Rxg2 {The young talent Roltewi experiences difficulties on both flanks.} 43.
Rh1 {White has no counter-play.} (43. Rd2 Rg1+ 44. Kb2 Rb1#) 43... g5 44. Nf6+
Kg7 45. Ne4 Kg6 46. Nd6 a5 47. Rc1 {
The black king goes to f5, if the white knight moves.} 47... Rxh2 48. Nc4 $1
Nb5 $1 {Exchange would lessen the pressure.} 49. Ne5+ (49. Nxa5 $4 Nc3) 49...
Kg7 50. Ng4 Re2 51. Rc5 {White's effort to counter has no effect.} 51... Re1+
52. Kb2 Na3 53. Rc7+ Kf8 54. Rc1 Re2+ {Some repetitions follow.} 55. Ka1 Nc2+
56. Kb1 Na3+ 57. Ka1 Nb5 58. Rc5 Re1+ 59. Kb2 Na3 60. Rc1 Re2+ 61. Ka1 Re6 62.
Rh1 Kg7 63. Rc1 Kg6 64. Rc6 $1 {The pressure can be released somewhat.} 64...
Rxc6 65. Ne5+ Kf5 66. Nxc6 {White seems to have chances.} 66... h5 {
But this advance decides at once.} 67. Nd4+ Ke5 68. Ne2 Nc2+ 69. Kb2 Nd4 {
A defeat by strangulation can drive you crazy. That is exactly what literally
happened with poor Rotlewi.} 0-1

[Event "Maroczy"]
[Site "Karlsbad 1907"]
[Date "1870.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Maroczy, Geza"]
[Black "Marshall, Frank"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C48"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "119"]
[EventDate "1870.??.??"]

{Maroczy (1870-1951) played the endgame accurately. His speciality was the
queen ending.} 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Nxe5 Bb4 6. Be2 Qe7
7. Nd3 Bxc3 8. dxc3 Nxe2 9. Qxe2 Qxe4 10. Be3 O-O 11. O-O-O d6 12. f3 Qc4 13.
Bd4 Re8 14. Qf2 Bf5 15. b3 Qa6 16. Bxf6 Bxd3 17. Rxd3 gxf6 18. Kb2 Re6 19. Re1
Rae8 20. Rde3 Kf8 21. Rxe6 Rxe6 22. Rxe6 fxe6 {White has the advantages of a
shelter for the king, the offside black queen and the isolated black h-pawn.}
23. Qh4 Kg7 24. Qg4+ Kf7 25. Qh5+ $2 {
Many commentators give this move an acclamation mark.} (25. Qh3 $1 {
wins a pawn.}) 25... Kg7 26. Qe8 Qe2 {
"Does White have any advantage?" Marco asks in the tournament book.} 27. Qe7+
Kg6 28. Qf8 $2 {Maroczy claims to select the most instructive variation.} ({
Fine analyses the alternative} 28. Qxc7 Qxg2 29. Qxb7 Qxh2 30. Qxa7 h5 31. a4
h4 32. a5 h3 33. Qb8 $1) 28... e5 $2 {Marshall has an instructive escape.} ({
Correct is} 28... d5 $1 29. h4 Qe5 $1 30. Qg8+ Kh6 31. g4 d4 $1 {
White's box is opened.} 32. g5+ fxg5 33. hxg5+ Qxg5 34. Qxe6+ Qg6 35. Qh3+ Qh5
36. Qg3 dxc3+ 37. Kxc3 {draw.}) 29. Qg8+ Kh6 30. Qf8+ Kg6 31. Qg8+ Kh6 32. h4
$1 {Master Maroczy continues the lesson.} 32... Qf2 33. Qf8+ Kg6 34. h5+ $1
Kxh5 35. Qg7 Qd2 ({Or} 35... f5 36. Qxh7+ Kg5 {(Marco)} 37. Qxc7) 36. Qxh7+ Qh6
37. g4+ Kg5 38. Qxc7 Kf4 39. Qxb7 Qh1 40. Qb4+ $5 {
White gives a pawn for the initiative.} 40... Kxf3 41. Qxd6 Kxg4 42. c4 e4 43.
c5 f5 44. c6 Qh8+ $1 45. c3 e3 46. Qg6+ $1 Kf4 47. c7 e2 ({The point is} 47...
Ke5 48. Qa6 $1) 48. Qe6 Kf3 49. Qxf5+ Kg2 50. Qg4+ $1 Kf2 51. Qf4+ Kg2 52. Qe3
Kf1 53. Qf3+ Ke1 54. Qf4 ({Marco recommends} 54. Qf5 $1) 54... Qc8 55. Qd6 Kf2
56. Qd8 e1=Q 57. Qxc8 Qd2+ 58. Ka3 Qc1+ 59. Ka4 Qf4+ 60. c4 {
This queen ending is regarded a classic in the literature.} 1-0

[Event "Maroczy"]
[Site "Monte Carlo 1902"]
[Date "1870.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Maroczy, Geza"]
[Black "Teichmann, Richard"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C84"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "163"]
[EventDate "1870.??.??"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Nc3 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. d3
Na5 9. Ne2 O-O 10. Ng3 Re8 11. c3 Nxb3 12. axb3 Bf8 13. Re1 c5 14. h3 Qc7 15.
Bg5 Nd7 16. Nf5 h6 17. Bc1 Kh7 18. g4 g6 19. Ne3 Nf6 20. Rf1 Bg7 21. Ne1 Rf8
22. N1g2 c4 23. bxc4 bxc4 24. f3 cxd3 25. Qxd3 Bb7 26. Rd1 Rfd8 27. c4 Bf8 28.
Nd5 Nxd5 29. cxd5 Rdc8 30. Be3 Qc4 31. Ra3 Qxd3 32. Rdxd3 Rc7 33. Rdc3 Rac8 34.
Bb6 Rxc3 35. Rxc3 Rxc3 36. bxc3 Kg7 37. Bd8 f5 38. Ne3 fxe4 39. fxe4 Kf7 40.
Nc4 Ke8 41. Bb6 Kd7 42. Kf2 Be7 43. Kf3 Bc8 44. Kg3 h5 45. Ba5 h4+ 46. Kf3 Ke8
47. Ke3 Bg5+ 48. Kf2 Be7 49. Kf3 Bb7 50. Bb4 Kd7 51. Na5 Kc7 52. Ba3 Kc8 53. g5
Kc7 54. Nxb7 Kxb7 {
The centre is closed in this endgame. A race on two flanks begins.} 55. Kg4 Kb6
56. Kxh4 Kb5 57. Kg4 Ka4 58. Bc1 Kb3 59. h4 Kxc3 ({
An interesting alternative is} 59... Kc2 60. Ba3 Kb3 61. Bb4 Ka4 62. h5 gxh5+
63. Kxh5 a5 64. Bxd6 $1 $18) 60. Ba3 $1 {The race has to be prepared.} (60. h5
$2 gxh5+ 61. Kxh5 Kd4 62. g6 Bf6 63. Kh6 Kxe4 64. Bg5 Bh8 65. Be7 Kf5 66. Bxd6
e4 67. Bc5 a5 68. Kh7 Be5 {and Black survives.}) 60... Kb3 {
Black hopes for a repetition of moves.} ({A fine variation is} 60... a5 61. h5
gxh5+ 62. Kxh5 Kd4 63. g6 Bf6 64. Bxd6 Kxe4 65. Be7 $1 a4 66. Bxf6 a3 67. g7 a2
68. Bxe5 $1 Kxe5 69. g8=Q a1=Q 70. Qg7+ {(Maroczy).}) 61. Bxd6 Bxd6 62. h5 a5 (
{A long stand is given in} 62... gxh5+ 63. Kxh5 a5 64. g6 a4 65. g7 a3 66. g8=Q
a2 67. Qg3+ Kb2 68. Qf2+ Kb1 69. Qb6+ Kc2 70. Qxd6 a1=Q 71. Kg5 Kd3 72. Kf5)
63. h6 ({Or} 63. hxg6) 63... a4 64. h7 a3 65. h8=Q a2 66. Qh3+ Kb2 67. Qg2+ Kb1
68. Qf1+ Kb2 69. Qb5+ Kc1 70. Qa6 Kb1 71. Qxd6 a1=Q 72. Qxg6 Kc2 73. Qc6+ Kd3
74. d6 Ke3 75. Kf5 Qf1+ 76. Kxe5 Qf7 77. d7 Qe7+ 78. Qe6 Qxg5+ 79. Kd6 Qd8 80.
e5 Qf8+ 81. Kc7 Qc5+ 82. Kb7 {
Maroczy showed his patience, accuracy and brilliance in the endgame.} 1-0

[Event "Maroczy"]
[Site "Wien 1899"]
[Date "1870.??.??"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Marco, George"]
[Black "Maroczy, Geza"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C00"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "156"]
[EventDate "1870.??.??"]

1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. exd5 exd5 4. Bd3 Bd6 5. Nf3 Nf6 6. O-O O-O 7. c3 c6 8. Bg5
Bg4 9. Nbd2 Nbd7 10. Qc2 Qc7 11. Rfe1 Rae8 12. Bh4 Bh5 13. Bg3 Bxg3 14. hxg3
Bg6 15. Rxe8 Rxe8 16. Bxg6 hxg6 17. Re1 a6 18. Qb1 Kf8 19. Rxe8+ Nxe8 20. a3
Qd8 21. Qe1 Qe7 22. Qxe7+ Kxe7 {
Draws are not allowed before move 30 in this tournament. So play continues.}
23. Kf1 Nd6 24. Ke2 f6 25. Ne1 b5 26. b4 ({Simpler is} 26. Nd3) 26... Nb6 27.
f3 Nbc4 28. Nb1 $6 (28. Nxc4 Nxc4 29. Nd3 Nxa3 30. Nc5 {
draws immediately. Marco finds the calculation too tiring.}) 28... Nf5 $1 29.
g4 Nfe3 30. Kf2 (30. g3 $1 {draws.}) 30... g5 31. Ke2 (31. Nd3 Nc2 32. Nc5
N2xa3 33. Nxa3 Nxa3 {loses a pawn (Marco). But} 34. Ke2 $1 {draws.}) 31... g6
32. Kf2 Kd6 33. Ke2 Kc7 34. Kf2 $2 ({White misses the last chance for} 34. g3
$1 Kb6 35. Nd3 $1 a5 36. bxa5+ Kxa5 37. Nc5 Nc2 38. Kd3 N2xa3 39. Nxa3 Nxa3 40.
Nd7 f5 41. gxf5 gxf5 42. Ne5 Kb6 43. Nf7 $11) 34... Kb6 $1 {
The queenside has been consolidated.} 35. Ke2 a5 36. Kf2 a4 {
White's position has become awful. He is paralysed.} 37. Ke2 Kc7 38. Kf2 Kd6
39. Ke2 Ke7 40. Kf2 Kf7 41. Ke2 Kg7 42. Kf2 Kh7 43. g3 Kh6 44. Ke2 f5 {
This advance got a long preparated.} 45. gxf5 gxf5 46. Kf2 Kh5 47. Ke2 f4 48.
gxf4 gxf4 49. Kf2 Kg5 50. Ke2 Kh4 51. Kf2 Kh3 52. Nd3 {The knight has to play.}
({Not} 52. Ke2 $2 Kg3 53. Kd3 Kf2) 52... Nc2 53. Nxf4+ Kh4 54. Nd3 ({
The alternative is} 54. Ng6+ Kg5 55. Ne5 N2xa3 56. Nxa3 Nxa3 57. Nxc6 Nc4 {
(Marco)} 58. Nd8 $1 a3 59. Ne6+ Kf5 60. Nc5 Nd2 $1 $19) 54... N4xa3 55. Nxa3
Nxa3 56. Nc1 Nb1 57. Na2 {White has a passive position again.} 57... Kh3 58.
Ke3 Kg3 59. f4 Kg4 60. f5 Kxf5 61. Kd3 ({Or} 61. Kf3 Nd2+ 62. Ke3 Ne4 63. Kf3
Kg5 64. Ke3 Kg4 {and the black king invades.}) 61... Kf4 62. Nc1 Kf3 63. Kc2
Na3+ 64. Kd3 {
Marco mentions the beleaguerments in studies by Kling and Horwitz.} 64... Kf2
65. Kd2 Nc4+ 66. Kd1 (66. Kd3 Ke1 67. Kc2 Ne3+ 68. Kd3 Kd1 $1 {
Black will enter the queenside.}) 66... Ke3 67. Kc2 a3 $1 68. Na2 Nb2 $1 69.
Nc1 Nd3 $3 {Maroczy plays elegantly.} 70. Nb3 (70. Na2 Ke2 71. Kb3 Kd2 72. Kxa3
Kc2 {leads to suffocation.}) 70... Ne1+ 71. Kd1 Kd3 72. Kxe1 {
White sets a trap.} 72... Kxc3 73. Na1 Kxd4 $1 ({Avoids} 73... Kb2 $2 74. Kd2
Kxa1 75. Kc1) 74. Nc2+ Kc3 75. Kd1 (75. Nxa3 Kb2 {dominates the knight.}) 75...
a2 76. Kc1 d4 77. Na1 d3 78. Nc2 c5 $1 {
Maroczy got a beauty prize for the endgame.} 0-1

[Event "Maroczy"]
[Site "Muechen 1900"]
[Date "1870.??.??"]
[Round "4"]
[White "Maroczy, Geza"]
[Black "Pillsbury, Harry"]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[ECO "C67"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "115"]
[EventDate "1870.??.??"]

{Maroczy was a great defender in the endgame.} 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6
4. O-O Nxe4 5. d4 Nd6 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. dxe5 Nf5 8. Qxd8+ Kxd8 9. Rd1+ Ke8 10.
Nc3 h6 11. b3 Bb4 12. Bb2 Bxc3 13. Bxc3 Be6 14. Nd4 Nxd4 15. Rxd4 {White seems
to have a better position in the Berlin Defence. That will lead to a
disappointment.} 15... c5 $1 16. Rd2 Rd8 17. Rad1 Ke7 18. Kf1 Rxd2 19. Rxd2 b6
20. Ke2 a5 21. Ke3 Ra8 $1 {Black avoids the exchange of rook. Bishop and rook
support the initiative on the queenside.} 22. a3 {
White keeps the queenside closed.} 22... g6 23. Rd1 ({More useful is} 23. g3)
23... Bf5 24. Rd2 a4 25. b4 cxb4 26. Bxb4+ c5 27. Bc3 Rd8 28. f3 Rxd2 29. Kxd2
{A pawn has become on the queenside. The advanced pawn can become a weakness
too.} 29... h5 30. Bb2 b5 31. c4 $1 b4 (31... bxc4 32. Bc3 {draws at once.})
32. Bc1 Ke6 33. Bb2 Bb1 34. g3 Kf5 35. Ke2 Ba2 36. Kd3 Bb3 37. Ba1 $5 ({
An alternative is} 37. axb4 cxb4 38. Bd4 a3 39. Bc5 a2 40. Bd4) 37... bxa3 38.
Bc3 {They will not pass!} 38... Ke6 39. Ba1 Bd1 40. Ke3 Bc2 41. h3 $5 {
White starts with a strange action.} 41... Kf5 42. h4 Bb3 43. Kd3 g5 44. hxg5
Kxg5 45. Bc3 h4 46. gxh4+ Kxh4 47. f4 Kg4 48. Ke4 $1 {
A remarkable march begins.} 48... Bxc4 49. f5 Kg5 50. e6 $1 {
A road is opened for the white king.} 50... fxe6 51. fxe6 Bxe6 52. Ke5 $1 ({
No good is} 52. Kd3 $2 Kf4 53. Kc2 Bf5+ 54. Kc1 Bd3 {(Maroczy).}) 52... Bb3 53.
Kd6 c4 54. Kc5 Kf5 55. Kb4 a2 56. Ka3 Ke4 57. Kb2 Kd3 58. Ka1 $1 {The encirclin
g manoeuvre ends with an elementary draw. Capture leads to stalemate.} 1/2-1/2

[Event "Pillsbury"]
[Site "Hastings 1895"]
[Date "1872.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Pillsbury, Harry"]
[Black "Gunsberg, Isidor"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D94"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "79"]
[EventDate "1872.??.??"]

1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. e3 g6 4. Nc3 Bg7 5. Nf3 Nf6 6. Bd3 O-O 7. Ne5 dxc4 8. Bxc4
Nd5 9. f4 Be6 10. Qb3 b5 11. Bxd5 Bxd5 12. Nxd5 Qxd5 13. Qxd5 cxd5 {Pillsbury n
eeds a draw in the last round for a shared first prize. So he plays with great
prudence.} 14. Nd3 Nd7 15. Bd2 Rfc8 16. Ke2 e6 17. Rhc1 Bf8 18. Rxc8 Rxc8 19.
Rc1 Rxc1 20. Bxc1 Bd6 21. Bd2 Kf8 22. Bb4 Ke7 23. Bc5 a6 $6 ({Even better is} 
23... a5 $1) 24. b4 f6 25. g4 Bxc5 $6 26. bxc5 Nb8 $2 {
A famous combination starts.} 27. f5 $1 g5 (27... gxf5 {Lasker analyses} 28.
gxf5 exf5 29. Nf4) (27... exf5 {and} 28. gxf5 g5 29. Nb4) 28. Nb4 a5 29. c6 $1
Kd6 30. fxe6 $1 Nxc6 (30... axb4 {Or} 31. e7 Kxe7 32. c7) 31. Nxc6 Kxc6 32. e4
$1 dxe4 33. d5+ Kd6 34. Ke3 b4 35. Kxe4 a4 36. Kd4 h5 (36... Ke7 $1 {
The main line continues with} 37. Kc4 b3 38. axb3 a3 $1 39. Kc3 f5 40. gxf5 h5
41. b4 $1 g4 42. b5 h4 43. b6 a2 44. Kb2 g3 45. hxg3 hxg3 46. d6+ Kxd6 47. b7
Kc7 48. b8=Q+ Kxb8 49. e7 a1=Q+ 50. Kxa1 g2 51. e8=Q+ {
(Lasker). A check decides after a combination of twenty-five moves.}) 37. gxh5
a3 38. Kc4 f5 39. h6 f4 40. h7 {Pillsbury had won Hastings 1895!} 1-0

[Event "Schlechter"]
[Site "Nuernberg 1906"]
[Date "1874.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Schlechter, Carl"]
[Black "Duras, Oldrich"]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[ECO "D46"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "121"]
[EventDate "1874.??.??"]

{Schlechter (1874-1918) was an excellent defender. He escapes miraculously in
this game.} 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nf3 c6 5. e3 Nbd7 6. Bd3 Bd6 7. e4
dxe4 8. Nxe4 Nxe4 9. Bxe4 Qa5+ 10. Bd2 Qh5 11. h3 f5 12. Bd3 O-O 13. Qc2 e5 14.
c5 Bc7 15. O-O-O e4 16. Bc4+ Kh8 17. Ng5 Nf6 18. Qb3 Nd5 19. Bxd5 cxd5 20. Qxd5
Qg6 21. h4 h6 22. Rde1 Qc6 23. Qxc6 bxc6 24. Nh3 Be6 25. Bf4 Bd8 26. Bd6 Re8
27. Nf4 Bxa2 28. g4 fxg4 29. Rhg1 Bf7 30. Be5 Bxh4 31. Rxg4 Bg5 32. Rxe4 Bg6
33. Re1 Bf5 34. Rxg5 hxg5 {Schlechter had to give an exchange, but he seems to
have positional compensation.} 35. Nh5 Re7 36. Rg1 g4 37. Ng3 {
The pressure on g7 has little effect.} 37... Bd7 {
Black has consolidated his position.} 38. Ne2 Rf7 39. Nf4 Re8 40. Kd2 Kg8 41.
Ke3 g5 42. Nd3 Rf3+ 43. Ke2 Be6 44. Nb4 Rc8 $6 ({Tarrasch analyses} 44... Rb3
45. Nxc6 Rxb2+ 46. Ke3 Bd5 47. Na5 Rf8 {and Black has a decisive attack.}) 45.
d5 $3 {Schlechter gives pawns in order to restrict black pieces.} 45... cxd5
46. Nc2 $1 Bd7 $6 (46... Rb3 $1 {still wins.}) 47. c6 $1 {
The combination continues.} 47... Bxc6 $6 (47... Rf5 $1 {wins.}) 48. Nd4 Rh3
49. Rxg4 Rh5 50. Bf6 {Schlechter's plan is difficult to understand.} 50... Bd7
$2 ({Correct is} 50... Re8+ 51. Kd2 (51. Kd3 Rh3+ 52. f3 {
moves the pawn from an important square}) 51... Rf8 $1 52. Rxg5+ Rxg5 53. Bxg5
Rxf2+ 54. Ke3 Rg2 55. Nxc6 Rxg5 56. Nxa7 Kf7 {Black's material plus decides.})
51. Rxg5+ Rxg5 52. Bxg5 Kf7 53. Kd3 Kg6 54. Be3 a6 55. Bd2 Bf5+ 56. Ke2 Rb8 57.
Bc3 Re8+ 58. Kd2 Kg5 59. Nb3 Bd7 60. Bd4 Kf4 61. Be3+ {
Duras recognises the impregnable fortress.} (61. Be3+ Kf3 62. Nd4+ Ke4 63. b3 {
Black pieces can do little by the dominant position of the knight. Exchange of
the a- and b-pawn makes little difference. If all pawns are exchanged, a
theoretical draw is created. Black can sacrifice the rook for f-pawn and
bishop. Then White can give his knight for the d-pawn and draw.}) 1/2-1/2

[Event "Schlechter"]
[Site "Wien 1910"]
[Date "1874.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Schlechter, Carl"]
[Black "Lasker, Emanuel"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C48"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "116"]
[EventDate "1874.??.??"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 4. O-O d6 5. d4 Bd7 6. Nc3 Be7 7. Bg5 O-O 8.
dxe5 Nxe5 9. Bxd7 Nfxd7 10. Bxe7 Nxf3+ 11. Qxf3 Qxe7 12. Nd5 Qd8 13. Rad1 Re8
14. Rfe1 Nb6 15. Qc3 Nxd5 16. Rxd5 Re6 17. Rd3 Qe7 18. Rg3 Rg6 19. Ree3 Re8 20.
h3 Kf8 21. Rxg6 hxg6 22. Qb4 c6 {White has a slightly better pawn structure.}
23. Qa3 a6 24. Qb3 Rd8 25. c4 Rd7 26. Qd1 Qe5 27. Qg4 Ke8 $1 {
The king supports the defence.} 28. Qe2 Kd8 29. Qd2 Kc7 {
Black improves his position on the queenside.} 30. a3 Re7 31. b4 $6 {
The start of an attack on the king has a contra-productive effect.} 31... b5 $1
32. cxb5 axb5 33. g3 g5 34. Kg2 Re8 35. Qd1 f6 36. Qb3 $6 ({Tarrasch recommends
} 36. a4 $1 {White need a pawn sacrifice for this move later.} 36... bxa4 37.
Qxa4 Kb7 {(Romanovsky)} 38. Re2 $1 Qb5 39. Qxb5+ cxb5 40. f4 {with equality.})
36... Qe6 37. Qd1 $2 ({Correct is} 37. Qxe6 Rxe6 {(Schlechter).}) 37... Rh8 38.
g4 Qc4 {White has a positional problem. He sacrifices a pawn for the
initiative in the style of Lasker.} 39. a4 $5 Qxb4 $5 ({Capablanca's suggestion
} 39... bxa4 $2 40. Qxa4 Rb8 41. Qa7+ {is too risky.}) (39... Rb8 $6 40. axb5
Rxb5 41. Qa4 Rb7 42. Ra3 $1 {is interesting.}) 40. axb5 Qxb5 41. Rb3 Qa6 42.
Qd4 Re8 43. Rb1 Re5 44. Qb4 Qb5 45. Qe1 Qd3 46. Rb4 c5 47. Ra4 c4 48. Qa1 {
Opportunism leads to another pawn sacrifice.} 48... Qxe4+ 49. Kh2 Rb5 50. Qa2
$1 Qe5+ 51. Kg1 Qe1+ 52. Kh2 d5 53. Ra8 Qb4 $1 {Black wants to win.} (53...
Qe5+ 54. Kg1 Qe1+ $11) 54. Kg2 $1 (54. Qa6 $2 Qd6+) 54... Qc5 $2 (54... Rb8 55.
Qa7+ Rb7 56. Qa6 $1 ({Many analysts investigate} 56. Qe3) 56... c3 (56... Qe1
57. Rf8 $1 Qe4+ 58. Kh2 Qe5+ 59. Kg2 $11) (56... Qb6 57. Qa3 $11) 57. Rg8 $1
Qb6 58. Qa3 d4 59. Qe7+ {White's pieces remain very active in the calculations
of Fritz. Probably Schlechter can draw.}) 55. Qa6 $1 {Suddenly the tables turn.
} 55... Rb8 $6 (55... Rb7 56. Qe6 $1 {(Schlechter)}) ({Lasker mentions} 55...
c3 $1 {Huebner's main variation goes} 56. Ra7+ Kb8 57. Rxg7 d4 58. Rg8+ Kc7 59.
Rc8+ Kd7 60. Rxc5 Rxc5 61. Qa4+ Kc7 62. Qxd4 Rc6 63. Qa7+ Kd6 64. Qa3+ Kd7 65.
Qc1 c2 66. h4 gxh4 67. Kh3 {White will win eventually.}) 56. Ra7+ Kd8 57. Rxg7
Qb6 58. Qa3 Kc8 {and mate in three. Schlechter had scored 3-2. The match would
end with 5-5. Lasker kept the title.} 1-0

[Event "Schlechter"]
[Site "Wien 1898"]
[Date "1874.??.??"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Schlechter, Carl"]
[Black "Walbrodt, Carl"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "A84"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "141"]
[EventDate "1874.??.??"]

1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 f5 4. Bf4 c6 5. e3 Nf6 6. Bd3 Be7 7. Nf3 O-O 8. O-O
Ne4 9. Bxe4 fxe4 10. Ne5 Nd7 11. Qe2 Nxe5 12. Bxe5 Bd6 13. Bxd6 Qxd6 14. c5 Qe7
15. f4 exf3 16. Rxf3 Rxf3 17. Qxf3 e5 18. Rf1 exd4 19. exd4 Bd7 20. h3 Re8 21.
Rf2 Rf8 22. Qxf8+ Qxf8 23. Rxf8+ Kxf8 {Schlechter has an excellent knowledge
of the openings. He often reaches a plus and keeps it until the endgame.
Lesser players collapse under the pressure when he keeps on trucking.} 24. Nd1
Ke7 25. Ne3 Kf6 26. h4 Bf5 27. b4 Bd3 28. Kf2 h5 $1 {Black has the bad bishop
and can do little. Now he takes square g4 from the knight.} 29. Kf3 g5 $1 {
Square f4 is taken from the white king.} 30. g3 Be4+ 31. Ke2 Kg6 32. Kd2 Kf6
33. Kc3 Bg6 ({Or} 33... Kg6 34. b5 $1 {and} 34... cxb5 $2 35. Kb4 a6 $2 36. Ka5
$18) 34. b5 $1 Be4 35. a4 gxh4 $2 {
Marco calls it a blunder. Black gives away the control over f4.} ({Correct is} 
35... Kg6 $1 36. Kb4 Bf5 $1 37. b6 a6) 36. gxh4 Ke6 37. Kb4 Bd3 38. b6 a6 {
Black has to close the queenside. Exchange would be a mistake.} 39. a5 Be4 40.
Kc3 Kf6 41. Kd2 Bf5 42. Ke1 Be4 43. Kf2 Ke6 44. Kg3 Kf7 $1 (44... Kf6 $2 45.
Kf4 {leads to zugzwang.} 45... Bg6 46. Nxd5+ cxd5 47. c6) 45. Kf4 Kf6 46. Nf1
$5 {A duel between knight and bishop begins.} 46... Bf5 47. Ng3 Bg4 48. Nh1 Be6
49. Nf2 Bf5 50. Nd1 Bg4 $6 {
The bishop should prevent the knight manoeuvre via d3 or f3 to e5.} ({
More resistance is offered by} 50... Bd3 $1 51. Ke3 $1 Bc4 52. Kf3 $1 {
White threatens ..Ne3.} 52... Bd3 53. Kf4 Bg6 54. Nc3 Bf5 55. Na2 Bd3 (55...
Be6 {leads to the game}) 56. Ke3 $1 Bb5 (56... Bc4 57. Nb4 Bb5 58. Kf4 {
zugzwang}) 57. Nc3 Bc4 58. Kf4 Bb3 59. Nb5 $1 $18) 51. Nc3 Bd7 52. Na2 $1 Be6
53. Nb4 $1 {White will reache e5.} 53... Bc8 $1 {Black has retreated to the
last line of his fortress. White has to lose a tempo.} 54. Nd3 Bf5 55. Ne5 Bc8
56. Ke3 $1 Ke6 57. Ng6 $5 {White loses time.} ({Marco advices} 57. Ke2 $1 Kf6
58. Kf2 $1 Ke7 59. Kf3 Ke6 {and now} 60. Nd3 $1 Kf6 61. Ke3 Kf5 62. Nf4 Kg4 63.
Nxh5 $1) 57... Kf6 58. Kf4 Bd7 {Capture is avoided.} 59. Ne5 Bc8 60. Nf3 Bf5
61. Ke3 Bc8 62. Ne5 Ke6 63. Kf3 Ke7 64. Nd3 Bf5 65. Nf4 Bg4+ 66. Ke3 Kf7 $6 ({
Slightly better is} 66... Kf6 $1 67. Kf2 Kg7 68. Nd3 Kf6 69. Ne5 Bc8 70. Kg2 $1
Ke6 71. Kg3 $1 Ke7 72. Kf3 $1 Ke6 73. Nd3 $1 Kf6 74. Nf4 Bg4+ 75. Ke3 {
Pawn d5 or h5 falls.}) 67. Nd3 Ke7 68. Ne5 Bc8 69. Kf3 Ke6 70. Nd3 Kf6 71. Ke3
{A wonderful example of restriction.} (71. Ke3 Bg4 72. Ne5 Bc8 73. Kf4 {
zugzwang.}) 1-0

[Event "Schlechter"]
[Site "Oostende 1907"]
[Date "1874.??.??"]
[Round "4"]
[White "Schlechter, Carl"]
[Black "Tarrasch, Siegbert"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D30"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "109"]
[EventDate "1874.??.??"]

1. c4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nf3 c5 4. e3 Nf6 5. Bd3 Bd6 6. O-O O-O 7. Qe2 Qe7 8. Nbd2
Nbd7 9. Re1 Re8 10. e4 $1 dxe4 11. Nxe4 Nxe4 12. Bxe4 cxd4 13. Nxd4 Bxh2+ 14.
Kxh2 Qd6+ 15. Kg1 Qxd4 16. Bg5 Nf8 17. Rad1 Qc5 18. Bf4 Ng6 19. Bd6 Qg5 20. Qe3
Qxe3 21. Rxe3 {White has great compensation for the pawn: the pair of bishops,
an advantage in development and pressure on the queenside.} 21... Rd8 {
Tarrasch wants to play ..Ne7.} 22. Red3 f5 23. Bf3 Kf7 24. Rb3 Rd7 25. c5 Ne7
26. Bxe7 $6 (26. Re3 $1 {keeps the constraint.}) 26... Rxd1+ 27. Bxd1 Kxe7 28.
Bf3 {This intermezzo is very similar to the final of Schlechter-Marshall in
the same tournament.} 28... Kd8 $6 ({Black gains a plus in} 28... Rb8 $1 29.
Ra3 $1 ({not} 29. c6 b5 $1) ({or} 29. a4 e5 30. Bd5 Be6 $1) 29... a6 30. Rb3
Kd7) 29. c6 $1 Rb8 30. cxb7 Bd7 31. Ra3 e5 32. Bd5 Kc7 33. Rxa7 Bc6 34. Bxc6
Kxc6 35. Ra5 $1 {The last try.} ({No win brings} 35. b4 Kb6 36. Ra5 Rxb7 37.
Rxe5 Ra7 38. Rxf5 Rxa2 39. Rf7 Ra7 $1) 35... Rxb7 36. Rxe5 Rxb2 37. Rxf5 Rb7 $6
(37... Rxa2 38. Rf7 g5 $1 39. Rxh7 Kd6 $1 40. Rf7 Ke6 {
leads to a defendable position.}) 38. a4 $1 Kd6 39. a5 Kc6 $2 {
Tarrasch misses his last chance.} ({Correct is} 39... Ke6 $1 40. Rg5 Kf6 41. f4
Rb2 {and the black rook moves behind the passed pawn.}) 40. g3 Rb5 41. Rf7 Rb7
42. Rf8 Kd6 43. Kg2 Ke6 44. Rf4 $1 Ra7 45. Ra4 Kd6 46. f4 Kc6 47. Kf3 Kb5 48.
Ra1 Ka6 49. Rh1 h6 50. Rh5 Rc7 51. Re5 Rd7 52. Kg4 Rf7 53. Kh5 Rd7 54. Kg6 Rc7
55. Rf5 {Schlechter kept on trucking.} 1-0

[Event "Rubinstein"]
[Site "Karlsbad 1907"]
[Date "1882.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Janowski, David"]
[Black "Rubinstein, Akiba"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C49"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "156"]
[EventDate "1882.??.??"]

{Rubinstein (1882-1961) had a great natural talent for the endgame. His rook
endings are famous.} 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. O-O O-O 6. d3
Bxc3 7. bxc3 d6 8. Bg5 Qe7 9. Qd2 Nd8 10. Bc4 Be6 11. Bb3 Bxb3 12. axb3 Ne6 13.
Bh4 h6 14. Rfe1 a6 15. Bg3 Nh5 16. d4 Nef4 17. Bxf4 Nxf4 18. g3 Ng6 19. Qd3 Qe6
20. Nd2 f5 21. d5 Qd7 22. exf5 Rxf5 23. Ne4 Raf8 24. Re3 Ne7 25. Rd1 Kh8 26. c4
Ng8 27. f3 Nf6 28. Rf1 Nxe4 29. Qxe4 Qd8 30. Qg4 Qb8 31. Kg2 Qa7 32. Rfe1 Qc5
33. Qe4 Qb4 34. R1e2 R5f6 35. Qd3 Kg8 36. Qc3 a5 37. Qxb4 axb4 38. c3 bxc3 39.
Rxc3 {Black pressures on the f-file.} 39... Ra8 {He controls another file.} 40.
Kh3 $6 (40. c5 $1 Ra3 $1 41. cxd6 cxd6 {(Kmoch)} 42. h4 $11) 40... b6 $1 41.
Kg4 Ra1 42. Rb2 Kh7 43. b4 $6 {White weakens the queenside.} ({The retreat} 43.
Kh3 $1 g5 44. Kg2 {can be followed by a passive defence.}) 43... Kg6 44. Rbb3
$2 (44. Kh3 {is okay.}) 44... Rf5 $1 45. Rc2 {
The overprotection of h2 occurs too late.} 45... Rh1 46. f4 ({
A helpmate is created by} 46. h4 h5#) 46... exf4 47. gxf4 h5+ 48. Kg3 Rg1+ 49.
Kf2 Rg4 50. Rf3 Rgxf4 51. Rxf4 Rxf4+ {Black has gained a pawn.} 52. Ke3 Kf5 53.
Kd3 Rf3+ 54. Kd4 Rb3 $5 {Rubinstein worries about the queenside.} ({
But the alternative} 54... g5 55. Ra2 g4 56. Ra7 Rf4+ $1 57. Kd3 Ke5 58. Rxc7
Rf3+ 59. Kd2 Rh3 {is fine.}) 55. Rf2+ Kg6 56. Rg2+ Kh6 57. b5 (57. Re2 Rxb4 58.
Re7 b5 59. Rxc7 Rxc4+ 60. Rxc4 bxc4 61. Kxc4 g5 {
is mentioned in the Encyclopaedia.}) 57... Rf3 58. Ke4 Rf6 59. Ra2 g5 60. Ra7
Rf4+ $1 {Subtle counter-play is necessary.} 61. Kd3 Rf7 62. c5 $5 dxc5 63. d6
Rd7 $1 {The pointe of the preparatory move becomes apparent.} 64. Rxc7 Rxd6+
65. Ke4 Rd4+ 66. Kf5 h4 67. Rc8 ({Or} 67. Rc6+ Kh5 68. Rxb6 Rf4+ 69. Ke5 Rf2 {
(Kmoch).}) 67... Rf4+ 68. Ke5 c4 69. Rh8+ Kg7 70. Rc8 Kg6 71. Rg8+ Kh5 72. h3
c3 73. Rh8+ Kg6 74. Rg8+ Kh6 75. Rh8+ Kg7 76. Rc8 Rf3 77. Rc6 Rxh3 78. Rxb6 Rf3
{Rubinstein carried out a magnificent strategic plan.} 0-1

[Event "Rubinstein"]
[Site "St.Petersburg 1909"]
[Date "1882.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Rubinstein, Akiba"]
[Black "Lasker, Emanuel"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D30"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "79"]
[EventDate "1882.??.??"]

1. d4 d5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. c4 e6 4. Bg5 c5 5. cxd5 exd5 6. Nc3 cxd4 7. Nxd4 Nc6 8.
e3 Be7 9. Bb5 Bd7 10. Bxf6 Bxf6 11. Nxd5 Bxd4 12. exd4 Qg5 13. Bxc6 Bxc6 14.
Ne3 O-O-O 15. O-O Rhe8 16. Rc1 Rxe3 17. Rxc6+ bxc6 18. Qc1 $1 Rxd4 19. fxe3 Rd7
20. Qxc6+ Kd8 21. Rf4 f5 22. Qc5 Qe7 23. Qxe7+ Kxe7 {Rubinstein has won a pawn.
} 24. Rxf5 $1 {White creates a passed pawn.} (24. Rd4 Rc7 {is less impressive.}
) 24... Rd1+ 25. Kf2 $1 (25. Rf1 Rd2 26. Rb1 {leads to passivity.}) 25... Rd2+
26. Kf3 Rxb2 27. Ra5 Rb7 28. Ra6 $1 {
White controls the centre and restricts the black king.} 28... Kf8 29. e4 Rc7
30. h4 Kf7 31. g4 Kf8 32. Kf4 Ke7 33. h5 h6 ({Fine analyses the passive} 33...
Kf7 34. h6 gxh6 35. Rxh6 Kg7 36. Ra6 Kf7 37. Kf5 Re7 38. e5 Rb7 39. Rc6 {
The a-pawn advances and strangulation will be the result.}) 34. Kf5 Kf7 {
Square g6 needs protection.} 35. e5 Rb7 36. Rd6 Ke7 ({Or} 36... Rc7 37. Rd7+ $1
Rxd7 38. e6+) 37. Ra6 {
White repeated moves in order to pass the time control on move 37.} 37... Kf7
38. Rd6 Kf8 39. Rc6 Kf7 40. a3 {The world champion was beaten in their first
confrontation. Rubinstein was a challenger of Lasker until his nerves
collapsed.} (40. a3 Re7 (40... Ke8 41. Kg6 {
shows the point of the subtlety: the black rook cannot go to b4.}) 41. e6+ Kg8
42. Kg6 Re8 43. e7 {(Kmoch).}) 1-0

[Event "Rubinstein"]
[Site "San Sebastian 1911"]
[Date "1882.??.??"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Rubinstein, Akiba"]
[Black "Capablanca, Jose"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D33"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "83"]
[EventDate "1882.??.??"]

1. d4 d5 2. Nf3 c5 3. c4 e6 4. cxd5 exd5 5. Nc3 Nc6 6. g3 Be6 7. Bg2 Be7 8. O-O
Rc8 9. dxc5 Bxc5 10. Ng5 Nf6 11. Nxe6 fxe6 12. Bh3 Qe7 13. Bg5 O-O 14. Bxf6
Qxf6 15. Nxd5 Qh6 16. Kg2 Rcd8 17. Qc1 $1 exd5 18. Qxc5 Qd2 19. Qb5 Nd4 20. Qd3
Qxd3 21. exd3 Rfe8 {White has won a pawn in a way known from the previous game.
} 22. Bg4 $1 {White prevents ..Re2.} 22... Rd6 23. Rfe1 Rxe1 24. Rxe1 Rb6 $5 {
Black tries to achieve counteraction.} 25. Re5 Rxb2 26. Rxd5 Nc6 27. Be6+ Kf8
28. Rf5+ Ke8 29. Bf7+ Kd7 30. Bc4 a6 $1 {He gives up the pawns on the kingside.
} 31. Rf7+ Kd6 32. Rxg7 b5 33. Bg8 $1 a5 {Black waists no time on ..Nb4.} 34.
Rxh7 a4 35. h4 b4 36. Rh6+ ({A fine alternative is} 36. h5 $1 b3 37. h6 $1 bxa2
38. Bxa2 Rxa2 39. Rg7) 36... Kc5 37. Rh5+ Kb6 38. Bd5 $2 ({Right is} 38. Bc4 $1
{and} 38... Rxa2 $2 {fails due to} 39. Rb5+) 38... b3 $2 {
Capa misses his extra chance.} ({An explosion causes} 38... Rxa2 $3 39. g4 $3 (
{The pointe is} 39. Bxa2 $4 b3) (39. Bc4 $2 Rc2 40. Rb5+ Kc7 41. Bg8 $1 a3 42.
h5 a2 43. Bxa2 Rxa2 44. h6 Ra6 $1 45. g4 Ne7 46. g5 Rb6 $1 47. Rxb6 Kxb6 48. f4
$1 b3 $1 49. h7 Ng6 50. f5 b2 51. fxg6 b1=Q 52. h8=Q Qc2+ $11 {
(various annotators)}) (39. Rh8 $2 {(Vukovic) is refuted by} 39... Rd2 $1 40.
Rh6 Rc2 41. g4 Kc7 42. g5 Ne7 43. Bc4 $2 b3 44. Re6 Rxc4 $1 45. dxc4 Nf5) 39...
Rc2 ({the pointe is} 39... b3 40. Rh6 Rc2 41. g5 b2 42. Ba2) 40. Rh6 Kc7 41. g5
Ne7 42. g6 $1 Nxd5 43. g7 Ne7 44. Re6 Ng8 45. Re8 Rc6 {Elegance shows} 46. h5
$1 Nh6 47. Rh8 Rc5 48. f4 $1 Rxh5 49. Rxh6 $1 Rxh6 50. g8=Q {and White wins.})
39. axb3 a3 40. Bxc6 Rxb3 41. Bd5 a2 42. Rh6+ $1 {
Rubinstein defeated the future world champion.} (42. Rh6+ Ka7 (42... Ka5 43.
Bc4) 43. Rh8) 1-0

[Event "Rubinstein"]
[Site "Karlsbad 1929"]
[Date "1882.??.??"]
[Round "4"]
[White "Rubinstein, Akiba"]
[Black "Gruenfeld, Ernst"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "A47"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "139"]
[EventDate "1882.??.??"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 e6 3. e3 b6 4. Nbd2 Bb7 5. Bd3 c5 6. O-O Be7 7. e4 cxd4 8.
Nxd4 Nc6 9. Nxc6 dxc6 10. Qe2 Qc7 11. f4 Nd7 12. c3 e5 13. Nc4 Bf6 14. f5 Nc5
15. Bc2 Ba6 16. Be3 O-O 17. Bxc5 bxc5 18. Bd3 Bxc4 19. Bxc4 Rfd8 20. Rad1 Rxd1
21. Rxd1 Rd8 22. Rxd8+ Qxd8 {I call this endgame ultra modern, because it has
phases. The battle in the first phase occurs with queen and bishop on both
sides. The pressure on the weak pawns will mount due to bishops of different
colours.} 23. Kf1 g6 24. fxg6 hxg6 25. g3 Kg7 {
The king has to protect his flank.} 26. h4 Qd7 27. Kg2 Qd6 (27... Bd8 $1 {
leads to more flexibility.}) 28. Bb3 Qd7 29. Qc4 Qd2+ $2 ({The quiet} 29... Qe7
{is okay.}) 30. Kf3 Kh6 {Black has to lose a pawn.} 31. Qxc5 $1 {
White captures the right pawn.} (31. Qxf7 $2 Qd3+ {draws.}) 31... Qxb2 32. Qe3+
Kg7 (32... g5 $2 33. Kg4 $1 {(Becker).}) 33. Qxa7 Qxc3+ 34. Kg4 Qd3 $1 {
A nice riposte.} 35. Qxf7+ Kh6 36. Qc4 $1 (36. Qxf6 $4 Qxe4+ 37. Kh3 Qh1+ $11)
36... Qd2 $1 {Black threatens ..Bxh4! and mate, if the bishop is captured.} 37.
Qf1 Kg7 38. Qd1 Qg2 39. Qf3 Qd2 {Black threatens 40...Qd7+.} 40. Kh3 Qd8 41.
Qc3 Qd6 42. g4 $1 {
White takes the initiative after the consolidation of the kingside.} 42... Bd8
{The bishop is needed on the queenside.} 43. g5 Bb6 44. Qf3 Qf8 (44... Qe7 45.
a4 Ba5 46. Bc4 {White improves his position steadily.}) 45. Qxf8+ Kxf8 {
The second phase consists of a bishop ending. Black might draw due to the
bishops of different colour. The exchange also has positive consequences for
White. The mobility of his king has improved and distant passed pawns will
become dangerous.} 46. Kg4 Be3 47. Ba4 $1 c5 48. Bb3 Bd2 49. Bc4 $1 {
The blockade of the passed pawn favours White.} 49... Kg7 50. a4 Kf8 51. Kf3 $1
(51. h5 $2 gxh5+ 52. Kxh5 Kg7 {White cannot make progress.}) 51... Ke7 ({
The pointe of the subtle manoeuvre is} 51... Be1 52. Ke2 $3 Bxh4 $2 53. a5 Bxg5
54. a6) 52. Ke2 Ba5 53. Kd1 $1 Bb4 54. Be2 $1 {White wants to create passed
pawns on the flanks, while the king supports the a-pawn and the bishop helps
the g-pawn.} 54... Kd6 $2 {The endgame is too complicated.} ({Correct is} 54...
Ba5 $1 55. Kc2 Be1 56. h5 gxh5 57. Bxh5 {and Black has the time to play} 57...
c4 $1) 55. h5 $2 (55. Kc2 $1 Be1 56. h5 gxh5 57. Bxh5 Ke7 58. Kd3 {
and wins (Rabinovich).}) 55... gxh5 56. Bxh5 Ke7 57. Kc2 c4 $1 {
The white king is restricted.} 58. Be2 c3 $2 (58... Kf7 $1 59. Bxc4+ Kg6 60.
Kb3 Be1 61. Bd5 Kxg5 62. Kc4 Kf6 63. Kb5 Ke7 64. a5 Kd8 65. Kb6 Kc8 66. a6 Bf2+
{and Black is just in time (Becker in the tournament book).}) 59. Kb3 Kf7 60.
Bd3 Ba5 61. Kc4 Kg6 {Black is too late.} 62. Kb5 Bd8 63. a5 Bxg5 64. a6 Be3 65.
Kc6 Kg5 66. Kb7 Kf4 67. Bb1 $3 (67. a7 $2 Bxa7 68. Kxa7 Ke3 69. Bb1 Kd2 70. Kb6
Kc1 71. Bd3 Kd2 {ends with a perpetual.}) 67... Bd4 {Black has to lose a tempo.
} 68. a7 Bxa7 69. Kxa7 Ke3 70. Kb6 {The artist Strouhal has written a book
about this game, Rubinstein and his world.} 1-0

[Event "Nimzowitsch"]
[Site "Berlin 1928"]
[Date "1886.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Schlage, Willi"]
[Black "Nimzowitsch, Aaron"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "B29"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "170"]
[EventDate "1886.??.??"]

{Nimzowitsch (1886-1935) innovated the idea about prophylaxis in chess.} 1. e4
c5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. Nc3 d5 4. exd5 Nxd5 5. Bb5+ Bd7 6. Bc4 Nb6 7. Be2 Nc6 8. O-O
Bf5 9. Re1 a6 10. d3 e6 11. Ne4 Qc7 12. c3 Rd8 13. Qc2 Nd5 14. Bg5 Be7 15. Bxe7
Qxe7 16. h3 O-O 17. Rad1 Rd7 18. Bf1 Rfd8 19. Qc1 h6 20. Kh2 g5 21. Ng3 Bg6 22.
d4 Nb6 23. dxc5 Qxc5 24. Rxd7 Rxd7 25. Kg1 Qe7 26. Rd1 Rxd1 27. Qxd1 Qd8 28.
Qc1 Kg7 29. Qe3 Nd5 30. Qd2 Nf4 31. Qxd8 Nxd8 32. Ne5 {Develop, weaken and
destroy caracterizes Nimzowitsch approach to the attack. In this game he has
achieved a better development.} 32... Bb1 33. a3 f6 34. Nd7 Kf7 35. Nc5 Ke7 36.
Bc4 f5 37. Ne2 $2 ({Better is} 37. Kf1 $1 Kd6 38. b4) 37... Kd6 $1 38. b4 ({
The pointe is} 38. Nxf4 $2 Kxc5 39. Nxe6+ Kxc4 40. Nxd8 b5 41. Nf7 Kb3 $19)
38... Ba2 39. Nxf4 Bxc4 40. Nh5 {White has to accept a weakening.} (40. Nfd3 $2
Bxd3 41. Nxd3 Kd5 42. Nb2 Nf7 43. Kf1 Nd6 44. Ke2 Nc4 {leads to a black win.})
40... b6 41. Na4 Bb3 $1 42. Nb2 {Capture will be punished.} 42... Nf7 43. Ng3
Ne5 44. Nf1 b5 {
The queenside has been fixed. Nimzowitsch has created a weakness.} 45. Nd2 Bd5
46. a4 h5 47. axb5 axb5 48. f3 Kc6 49. Kf1 h4 50. Nd1 Bc4+ $1 51. Kg1 (51. Nxc4
$2 Nxc4 52. Ke2 Kd5 {(Nimzowitsch),}) 51... Nd3 $2 52. Ne3 $2 {
Schlage misses an opportunity.} (52. Nxc4 $1 bxc4 53. Kf1 Kb5 54. Ne3) 52...
Bd5 53. Nc2 Nb2 54. Nd4+ Kb6 55. Kh2 Nd1 56. Ne2 e5 {
The advance looks threatening.} 57. Kg1 Kc6 58. Kf1 Ba2 59. Kg1 Ne3 60. Kf2 Nd5
61. g4 $5 {White accepts an unneccessary weakening of f3.} 61... hxg3+ 62. Kxg3
Nf6 63. Kf2 ({Not} 63. h4 $2 f4+ 64. Kg2 g4) 63... Kd6 64. Ng3 Ke6 65. Ne2 Nd5
66. Kg3 Nf6 67. Nc1 Bd5 68. Nd3 Nh5+ 69. Kh2 $2 {
The king should not move offside.} ({Correct is} 69. Kf2 $1 Kd6 70. Nb2 Nf4 71.
c4 $1 bxc4 72. Nbxc4+ Ke6 73. Kg3 {
Black has to continue his manoeuvres against the weaknesses.}) 69... e4 $1 {
The destruction begins.} 70. fxe4 fxe4 71. Ne1 Nf4 72. Nc2 Ne2 73. Nb1 {
The knights are cornered.} 73... Bc4 74. Kg2 Bd3 75. Nca3 Nf4+ 76. Kf2 $1 Nd5
$5 77. Kg3 e3 78. Kf3 Ke5 {Zugzwang.} 79. c4 bxc4 80. b5 Kd6 81. b6 Kc6 82. b7
Kxb7 83. Nb5 Bxb1 84. Nd6+ Kc7 85. Nxc4 Bf5 {
Poor Schlage was tortured for twelve hours.} 0-1

[Event "Nimzowitsch"]
[Site "Bad Niendorf 1927"]
[Date "1886.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Kmoch, Hans"]
[Black "Nimzowitsch, Aaron"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C15"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "126"]
[EventDate "1886.??.??"]

1. e4 Nc6 2. Nc3 e6 3. d4 Bb4 4. Nge2 d5 5. e5 h5 6. Nf4 g6 7. Be3 Bxc3+ 8.
bxc3 Na5 9. Bd3 Ne7 10. Nh3 c5 11. Bg5 c4 12. Be2 Nac6 13. Bf6 Rg8 14. O-O Qa5
15. Qd2 Nf5 16. Rfd1 Kd7 17. Ng5 Rf8 18. h3 Kc7 19. g4 hxg4 20. hxg4 Nfe7 21.
Kg2 Ng8 22. Bg7 Re8 23. Rh1 Bd7 24. Rh3 Nd8 25. Rf3 Rc8 26. Rh1 Qxa2 27. Rh7
Kb8 28. Nxf7 Nxf7 29. Rxf7 Bc6 30. Bf6 a5 31. Rh1 Qb2 32. Bg5 Rf8 33. Rfh7 Rc7
34. Rxc7 Kxc7 35. Qc1 Qxc3 36. Qa1 Qxa1 37. Rxa1 {Black has to fight the
consolidation of the queenside. He has an extra pawn. If the pawns break
through, the win becomes simple.} 37... Ra8 38. Bd2 b6 39. Kg3 Ne7 40. Bd1 $1 {
Kmoch builds the fortress in a smart way.} 40... Bd7 $2 {
Nimzowitsch allows a strengthening.} ({Correct is} 40... Bb7 $1 41. f4 Nc6 42.
c3 b5) 41. Bb4 $1 Nc6 42. Bd6+ Kb7 43. c3 b5 44. Rb1 b4 45. Ba4 {
White has stopped the advance.} 45... b3 46. Bxc6+ Kxc6 47. g5 $1 {
The black bishop is restricted.} 47... Ra7 48. Rb2 Rb7 49. Kf4 $2 {
White allows a combination.} (49. Ba3 $1 {
Nimzowitsch regards the position as drawn. See} 49... Bc8 50. f4 $1 Rh7 51. Kg2
Rh4 52. Rf2) 49... Bc8 {Black threatens ..Rh7.} 50. Kg3 Rb4 $3 {
The end of the blockade on b2 is worth a rook.} 51. cxb4 {
Otherwise Black plays ..Ra4.} 51... a4 52. b5+ Kxb5 53. Ba3 c3 54. Rb1 Kc4 {
The bastion is taken.} 55. f4 Kxd4 56. Kf2 Kc4 57. Ke1 d4 58. Ke2 Kd5 59. Kf3
Bb7 60. Re1 Kc4+ 61. Kf2 b2 62. f5 exf5 63. e6 Bc6 {
A highly interesting endgame!} 0-1

[Event "Nimzowitsch"]
[Site "Winterthur 1931"]
[Date "1886.??.??"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Henneberger, Walter"]
[Black "Nimzowitsch, Aaron"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "B15"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "152"]
[EventDate "1886.??.??"]

1. e4 c6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 dxe4 4. Nxe4 Nf6 5. Ng3 c5 6. Bb5+ Bd7 7. Bxd7+ Nbxd7
8. Nf3 Qa5+ 9. c3 Qa6 10. Qe2 Qxe2+ 11. Nxe2 Rc8 12. O-O e6 13. Bf4 Be7 14.
Rfe1 Nd5 15. Bg3 c4 16. Ne5 Nxe5 17. Bxe5 {
The aims of prophylaxis are strengthening, restriction and suffocation.} 17...
f6 {The position of the white bishop is insecure. Black strengthens his
position with the gain of a tempo.} 18. Bg3 g5 $1 (18... Kf7 19. Nf4 {
and exchange.}) 19. f4 h6 $1 (19... g4 {allows the liberation} 20. f5 $1 exf5
21. Rf1) 20. Rad1 Kf7 21. Rd2 b5 22. Rf1 Rhe8 23. Rf3 $2 (23. f5 $1 Bf8 24.
fxe6+ Rxe6 25. Rf5 Rd8 {Black has a plus (Nimzowitsch).}) 23... g4 $1 24. Rf1
f5 25. Bf2 Rg8 26. g3 h5 {The kingside is restricted.} 27. Kg2 Bd6 28. Rc1 h4
29. Rdd1 Rh8 30. Rd2 Ke7 31. Rdc2 Kd7 32. Re1 Rh7 33. Ra1 hxg3 $5 {
Restriction of the queenside is the other option.} 34. hxg3 a5 $6 ({
The activity on the kingside is continued by} 34... Rch8 $1 35. Bg1 Rh1 36. Kf2
Nf6) 35. Rcc1 $2 (35. a4 $1 b4 36. cxb4 Nxb4 37. Rc3 {gives some counter-play.}
) 35... Rch8 36. Rh1 Rxh1 37. Rxh1 Rxh1 38. Kxh1 b4 39. Kg2 a4 40. cxb4 Bxb4
41. Kf1 Kc6 42. Be1 Kb5 $5 ({White hoped for} 42... Ne3+ 43. Kf2 Nd1+ 44. Kf1
Bxe1 45. Kxe1 Nxb2 46. Nc3 {according to Keene, but} 46... Nd3+ {wins easily.})
43. Nc3+ Bxc3 44. bxc3 {A well-known endgame begins. White will be suffocated.}
44... Kc6 45. Ke2 Nf6 46. Ke3 Ne4 47. Ke2 Kd5 48. Ke3 Kd6 49. Ke2 Kc6 50. Ke3
Kd5 51. Ke2 Nd6 $1 {The black king threatens to use the small opening.} 52. Ke3
Nb5 53. Bd2 Na3 54. Bc1 Nb1 $1 55. Bb2 a3 $1 56. Ba1 Kd6 $1 {
A triangulation begins.} 57. Ke2 Kc6 $1 58. Kd1 Kd5 59. Kc2 ({Or} 59. Ke1 Ke4
60. Ke2 Nd2 $1) 59... Ke4 60. Kxb1 Kf3 61. Bb2 axb2 62. a4 Kxg3 63. a5 Kh2 64.
a6 g3 65. a7 g2 66. a8=Q g1=Q+ 67. Kxb2 Qg2+ 68. Qxg2+ Kxg2 69. Ka3 Kf3 70. Kb4
Kxf4 71. Kxc4 Ke3 72. d5 exd5+ 73. Kxd5 f4 74. c4 f3 75. c5 f2 76. c6 f1=Q {
Black had a forced win of thirty moves.} 0-1

[Event "Nimzowitsch"]
[Site "Vilnius 1912"]
[Date "1886.??.??"]
[Round "4"]
[White "Nimzowitsch, Aaron"]
[Black "Bernstein, Ossip"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C02"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "121"]
[EventDate "1886.??.??"]

1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. e5 c5 4. Nf3 cxd4 5. Qxd4 Nc6 6. Qf4 Qc7 7. Nc3 a6 8. Bd3
Nge7 9. O-O Ng6 10. Bxg6 hxg6 11. Ne2 Be7 12. Ned4 Nxd4 13. Qxd4 Qxc2 14. Be3
Qc4 15. Qxc4 dxc4 {Nimzowitsch has lost a pawn. He counterattacks on the
queenside and starts with restriction.} 16. Bb6 $1 Bd7 ({
The extra pawn is kept in} 16... Bd8 $5 17. Bxd8 Kxd8 18. Rfc1 b5 19. a4 Bd7
20. axb5 Bxb5) 17. Rfc1 Rc8 18. Nd2 $1 Bg5 $1 19. Ne4 $1 ({The pointe is} 19.
Nxc4 $2 Bxc1 20. Nd6+ Ke7 21. Nxc8+ Rxc8 {and the extra piece is protected.})
19... Bxc1 20. Nd6+ Kf8 $2 ({Lasker recommends} 20... Ke7 $1 21. Nxc8+ Rxc8 22.
Rxc1 g5 $1 23. f3 f6 {Black keeps winning chances.}) 21. Nxc8 Bg5 ({
Lasker and Nimzowitsch analyse} 21... Bxb2 $2 22. Rd1 $1 Be8 $1 23. Rd8 {
and Black is in danger.}) 22. f4 $1 Bxc8 (22... Bxf4 23. Rd1 Ke8 24. Nd6+ Ke7
25. Bc5 {(Lasker)} 25... Bxh2+ 26. Kf2 b6 27. Nf5+ Ke8 28. Nd6+ Ke7 {
leads to perpeual check.}) 23. fxg5 Bd7 24. Rd1 Ke7 25. Bc5+ Ke8 26. Rd4 Bc6 $2
{Black has to fight for a draw.} ({Lasker prefers} 26... Rh5 $1 27. h4 f6 $1
$11) 27. Rxc4 Bd5 28. Rb4 Kd7 29. Rf4 Kc6 30. Bd6 Rd8 $1 31. b3 $1 ({
The acceptation of the pawn sacrifice} 31. Rxf7 Rd7 32. Rxd7 Kxd7 {draws.})
31... Rd7 32. h4 $1 a5 33. g4 $1 {White wants to create a passed pawn.} 33...
b5 {Black has to counterattack.} 34. h5 gxh5 35. gxh5 a4 36. bxa4 $1 Bxa2 $1
37. a5 $1 Ra7 38. Bf8 Bb1 ({Not} 38... Rxa5 $4 39. Rxf7) 39. Rf1 $6 ({
The sharper line} 39. Bxg7 $1 Bh7 40. Bf8 $1 Kd5 41. Kf2 Kxe5 42. Ke3 {
gives winning chances.}) 39... Bd3 40. Rd1 Bf5 41. Bb4 $1 {
The bishop blockades a pawn and protects one.} 41... Ra8 ({Avoids} 41... Rd7 $2
42. Rd6+) 42. Rd6+ Kc7 43. a6 Rh8 44. Bc5 {
A counterattack has changed into an attack on both flanks.} (44. Ba5+ Kb8 45.
Bb6 {is unpleasant too.}) 44... Bg4 $2 {If Black captures, he is mated in two.}
(44... b4 $3 {The pawn advances outside the reach of the white king.} 45. a7 b3
46. Rb6 Be4 47. Rxb3 Rxh5) 45. h6 gxh6 46. gxh6 Kb8 ({Ineffective is} 46... b4
47. a7 b3 48. Rb6 Bf3 49. Rxb3 Bd5 50. Rh3) 47. Kf2 Bf5 48. Kf3 b4 49. Be3 $1
Ka8 50. Rb6 Rf8 51. Rxb4 f6 $1 52. Bc5 $1 Rc8 ({The pointe is} 52... Rf7 53.
Rb7 $1) 53. exf6 $1 Rxc5 54. f7 Rc8 55. Rb7 Bd3 56. Re7 $1 Bb5 {
Black sets a trap.} 57. Kf4 $1 (57. Re8 $4 Bxe8 58. f8=Q Bc6+) 57... Rh8 58. h7
Ba4 59. Ke5 Bb5 60. Kf6 e5 61. Kg7 {A fascinating endgame.} 1-0

[Event "Nimzowitsch"]
[Site "Zuerich 1934"]
[Date "1886.??.??"]
[Round "5"]
[White "Lasker, Emanuel"]
[Black "Nimzowitsch, Aaron"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C17"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "130"]
[EventDate "1886.??.??"]

1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e5 c5 5. Bd2 Ne7 6. Nb5 Bxd2+ 7. Qxd2 O-O 8. c3
Nf5 9. g4 Nh4 10. g5 cxd4 11. cxd4 Nc6 12. O-O-O Qa5 13. Kb1 Qxd2 14. Rxd2 f6
15. gxf6 gxf6 16. Bh3 fxe5 17. Nc7 Rb8 18. Nxe6 Rf6 19. Nc7 Bxh3 20. Nxh3 Nf3
21. Rdd1 exd4 22. Nxd5 {Black has a positional advantage.} 22... Rf5 23. Ndf4
Rbf8 24. Nd3 Nce5 $6 {Nimzowitsch wants to dislodge the blockader.} 25. Nxe5 $6
(25. Ng1 $1 Nh4 26. Ne2 {improves the white position.}) 25... Rxe5 26. Ng1 Ng5
({A fine alternative gives} 26... d3 $1) 27. h4 Ne6 28. Rh2 Re4 29. f3 Re3 30.
Re2 Rf4 {Black has to accept exchanges.} 31. Rxe3 dxe3 32. Rd3 Rxh4 33. Rxe3
Nd4 34. Re4 Rxe4 35. fxe4 {
A famous knight ending begins. Black has the distant passed pawn.} 35... Kf7
36. Kc1 Kf6 37. Kd2 Ke5 $1 {The king has reached the ideal square.} 38. Ke3 h5
39. a3 a5 40. Nh3 Nc2+ $6 {An incorrect manoeuvre begins.} (40... Ne6 $1 {
places the knight on the best square.}) 41. Kd3 Ne1+ 42. Ke2 Ng2 43. Kf3 Nh4+
44. Ke3 Ng6 {The knight is on its way to e5.} 45. Ng5 Kf6 46. Nh7+ Kg7 47. Ng5
Kf6 48. Nh7+ Ke7 $1 49. Ng5 ({The pointe is} 49. Kd4 $2 Nf8 $1 50. Ng5 Ne6+)
49... Ne5 {The knight has become a blockader.} 50. Kd4 Kd6 51. Nh3 a4 $1 52.
Nf4 h4 53. Nh3 b6 $1 54. Nf4 b5 {Black has set targets on the queenside.} 55.
Nh3 ({The best chance gives} 55. Kc3 $1 Nf3 $1 56. Kb4 Nd4 {
The knight will move to e6.} 57. e5+ $1 Kd7 58. Kc3 Ne6 59. Nh3 Kc6 60. Kb4 Kb6
61. b3 $1 axb3 62. Kxb3 Kc5 63. Kc3 (63. a4 bxa4+ $1 64. Kxa4 Kd5 65. Kb4 Kxe5
$19 {Black wins with his last pawn.}) 63... Kd5 64. Kb4 Nd4 65. Nf2 Ke6 $1 (
65... Kxe5 $2 66. Kc5 {zugzwang}) 66. Nd3 Kf5 67. Nf2 Kf4 $1 68. Kc5 Kxe5 {
At last!} 69. Nh3 Ke4 70. Ng1 Nc2 71. Kxb5 Nxa3+ $19 {A theoretical win}) 55...
Nc6+ 56. Ke3 Kc5 (56... Na5 $1 {wins more quickly.}) 57. Kd3 b4 58. axb4+ Kxb4
59. Kc2 Nd4+ 60. Kb1 ({Euwe investigates} 60. Kd3 Ne6 $1 61. Kc2 Kc4 62. Kd2
Kd4 63. Nf2 Ng5 64. e5 Nf3+ $1) 60... Ne6 $1 {
The knight has reached the ideal square at last.} 61. Ka2 $1 Kc4 62. Ka3 Kd4
63. Kxa4 Kxe4 {Black wins by one tempo.} 64. b4 Kf3 65. b5 Kg2 {
Black dominates the knight.} (65... Kg2 66. b6 (66. Nf4+ Nxf4 67. b6 Ne6) 66...
Kxh3 $19) 0-1

[Event "Tartakower"]
[Site "Semmering 1926"]
[Date "1887.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Gilg, Karl"]
[Black "Tartakower, Savielly"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "D02"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "204"]
[EventDate "1887.??.??"]

{Tartakower (1887-1956) was an all-round player. A talent was to push weaker
opponents from the board in long endgames.} 1. d4 e6 2. Nf3 c5 3. g3 Nc6 4. Bg2
Nf6 5. O-O d5 6. c3 Be7 7. Nbd2 O-O 8. Ne5 cxd4 9. Nxc6 bxc6 10. cxd4 Qb6 11.
e3 Ba6 12. Re1 c5 13. dxc5 Bxc5 14. Nb3 Bb4 15. Bd2 Rac8 16. Nd4 Nd7 17. Bxb4
Qxb4 18. Qb3 Qa5 19. Rec1 Nc5 20. Qc3 Qb6 21. Qd2 g6 22. b4 Nd7 23. a3 Ne5 24.
Nb3 Nd3 25. Rxc8 Rxc8 26. Bf1 Ne5 27. Bg2 Nc4 28. Qd4 Qxd4 29. Nxd4 {
Black has the initiative with little success.} 29... Nxa3 $5 {
He tries a gamble.} 30. h3 $2 {Gilg only thinks about passive defence.} (30.
Bxd5 $1 exd5 31. Rxa3 Rc1+ 32. Kg2 Bf1+ 33. Kf3 {is better for White.}) 30...
Rc3 31. Bf1 Bc4 32. Bxc4 dxc4 33. Kf1 a6 34. Ne2 Rd3 35. Nc1 Rc3 36. Ne2 Rb3
37. Nc1 Rb1 38. Rxa3 $1 ({Not} 38. Rxb1 $2 Nxb1 39. Ke1 Nc3) 38... Rxc1+ 39.
Ke2 Rc2+ 40. Kf3 Rb2 41. Rxa6 Rxb4 42. Rc6 {White's rook is positioned behind
the passed pawn. therefore the extra pawn gives no decisive advantage.} 42...
Kg7 43. h4 h5 44. Rc5 Kf6 45. Rc7 Ra4 46. Rc5 e5 47. Rc6+ ({Or} 47. Ke4 $1 Ra2
48. Rc6+ Kg7 49. Rxc4 Rxf2 50. Rc5 f6 51. Rc7+ Kg8) 47... Ke7 48. Ke4 Kd7 $1
49. Rc5 ({An alternative is} 49. Rf6 c3+ 50. Kd3 (50. Kxe5 $4 c2) 50... Rc4 51.
Kc2 Ke7 52. Ra6 e4 53. Ra3 $11) 49... f6 50. Kd5 $1 {
The activity of the black king has to restricted.} 50... Ra2 51. Rxc4 Rxf2 {
Black makes progress. He has winning chances.} 52. Ra4 Rd2+ 53. Ke4 Ke6 54.
Ra6+ Rd6 {The rook returns in order to consolidate.} 55. Ra7 Rb6 56. Ra4 $1 ({
Avoids} 56. Rg7 $2 Rb4+ 57. Kf3 Kf5 {(Timman).}) 56... f5+ 57. Kf3 Kf6 {
Little will happen for a long time.} 58. Ra5 Rb2 59. Ra6+ Kg7 60. Ra8 Rb7 61.
Ra5 Re7 62. Ra6 Kh6 63. Rb6 Rd7 64. Rb8 Rd6 65. Re8 Rd5 66. Rh8+ Kg7 67. Ra8
Rd6 68. Rb8 Rd2 69. Ra8 Rc2 70. Rb8 Rc4 71. Rb5 Kf6 72. Rb6+ Kf7 73. Rb7+ Ke6
74. Rb6+ (74. Rb5 {continues the useless manoeuvres.}) 74... Kd5 $5 {
Black gives it a try again.} 75. Rxg6 Rc2 76. Rf6 e4+ 77. Kf4 Rf2+ 78. Kg5 Ke5
79. Ra6 Rf3 80. Ra5+ Ke6 81. Ra6+ ({Or} 81. Ra3 $1 Rxg3+ 82. Kxh5 f4 83. Ra6+
Kf5 84. Ra5+) 81... Kd5 82. Ra5+ Kc4 83. Rxf5 Kd3 84. Re5 Rxe3 85. Kxh5 (85. g4
$1 hxg4 86. Kxg4 Re1 87. h5 {draws easily.}) 85... Rxg3 86. Kh6 $2 (86. Rg5 $1
Rxg5+ 87. hxg5) 86... e3 87. Rd5+ (87. Ra5 Rg1 $3 88. h5 e2 {leads to the game.
}) 87... Ke4 88. Rd1 e2 89. Re1 Ke3 90. h5 Kf2 91. Ra1 {
This position is known from theory books about rook endings.} 91... Rg1 $3 (
91... e1=Q $2 92. Rxe1 Kxe1 $11) 92. Ra2 Kf3 93. Ra3+ ({Or} 93. Rxe2 Kxe2 94.
Kh7 Kf3 95. h6 Kf4 96. Kh8 Kf5 97. h7 Kg6 98. Kg8 Ra1 99. h8=N+ Kf6) 93... Kf4
94. Ra4+ Kg3 95. Ra3+ Kh4 96. Ra4+ Rg4 97. Ra1 Re4 98. Rh1+ Kg4 99. Rg1+ Kf5
100. Re1 Kf6 $1 {Tartakower avoids the last trap.} (100... Re7 $2 101. Rf1+ $1
Kg4 102. Rg1+ Kh4 103. Rh1+) 101. Kh7 Kg5 102. h6 Re7+ {
The opponent failed by exhaustion.} 0-1

[Event "Tartakower"]
[Site "Paris 1950"]
[Date "1887.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Tartakower, Savielly"]
[Black "Trifunovic, Peter"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C51"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "111"]
[EventDate "1887.??.??"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. b4 Bxb4 5. c3 Be7 6. d4 Na5 7. Nxe5 Nxc4 8.
Nxc4 d5 9. exd5 Qxd5 10. Ne3 Qd8 11. O-O Nf6 12. c4 O-O 13. Nc3 c6 14. Bb2 Qa5
15. d5 Ba3 16. Bxa3 Qxa3 17. Qb3 Qxb3 18. axb3 cxd5 19. Ncxd5 Nxd5 20. Nxd5 Bd7
{White has an advantage by the position of his knight.} 21. Rfd1 Rfd8 22. f3
Be8 ({The variation} 22... Kf8 23. Nb6 $1 axb6 24. Rxa8 Rxa8 25. Rxd7 Ra3 26.
b4 Rc3 27. Rxb7 Rxc4 28. Rxb6 Ke7 {shows similarity to the game.}) 23. Nc7
Rxd1+ 24. Rxd1 Rc8 25. Nxe8 Rxe8 {
White can utilise the precarious position of the black king.} 26. Rd7 $1 Rb8 {
Black has to accept passivity.} 27. Kf2 Kf8 28. Rc7 $1 ({Avoids} 28. c5 b6 $1
29. c6 Rc8) 28... g6 29. b4 $1 Kg7 30. c5 Kf6 31. g4 h6 32. h4 Ke6 33. Ke3 b6
$1 {
Black cannot avoid zugzwang eventually. He sacrifices a pawn at the right time.
} 34. Rxa7 bxc5 35. bxc5 Rb3+ 36. Kf4 g5+ $5 (36... Rb4+ $1 37. Kg3 Rc4 {
draws easily.}) 37. hxg5 hxg5+ $2 ({Better is} 37... Rb4+ $1 38. Ke3 hxg5 39.
c6 Rc4) 38. Kxg5 Rxf3 39. Ra6+ Ke7 $1 {The king has to retreat.} ({Notice} 
39... Kd5 $2 40. Rf6 $1 {and}) (39... Ke5 $2 40. Ra1 $1 f6+ 41. Kh4 Kd5 42. Rc1
Kc6 43. Rc4) 40. Ra4 Rc3 41. Re4+ Kf8 {The f-pawn has to be protected.} 42. Re5
Rc4 {Black applies restriction.} 43. Kf5 Rd4 {The restraint increases.} 44. g5
Kg7 45. g6 $1 Rc4 ({The alternative is} 45... Kf8 $5 46. Re8+ $1 Kg7 $1 47. Ke5
Rd1 $1 48. Rb8 f6+ 49. Ke6 Re1+ 50. Kd7 Rd1+ 51. Kc7 Kxg6) 46. Rd5 fxg6+ $2 {
An obvious move loses.} ({Correct is} 46... Rc1 $3 47. Ke5 Kxg6 $1 48. Kd6 f5
49. c6 f4 $1 50. c7 f3 51. Rd3 f2 52. Rg3+ Kh5 53. Rf3 Rd1+ $11) 47. Ke6 $1 Kh6
48. Kd6 g5 49. c6 Kh5 ({Or} 49... g4 50. c7 Rxc7 51. Kxc7 g3 52. Rd3 $1) 50. c7
Rxc7 51. Kxc7 Kh4 52. Kd6 g4 53. Ke5 g3 54. Kf4 g2 55. Rg5 Kh3 56. Rh5# {
Tartakower played a fine endgame until the end of his life.} 1-0

[Event "Capablanca"]
[Site "Hastings 1930"]
[Date "1888.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Capablanca, Jose"]
[Black "Yates, Frederick"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D66"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "173"]
[EventDate "1888.??.??"]

{Capablaca (1888-1942) was the third world champion. He defeated his opponents
in the endgame like machine.} 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Nbd7 5. e3
Be7 6. Nc3 O-O 7. Rc1 c6 8. Bd3 dxc4 9. Bxc4 a6 10. O-O b5 11. Be2 Bb7 12. Qc2
Rc8 13. Rfd1 c5 14. dxc5 Rxc5 15. b4 Rc8 16. Qb1 Nd5 17. Nxd5 Bxg5 18. Rxc8
Bxc8 19. Nxg5 Qxg5 20. Nc3 Bb7 21. Ne4 Qg6 22. Bf3 Bd5 23. Nc3 Qxb1 24. Nxb1
Nf6 {The game should end in a draw quickly.} 25. Nc3 Rc8 $2 ({Correct is} 25...
Bxf3 26. gxf3 Rc8) 26. Nxd5 Nxd5 27. Bxd5 exd5 {
The isolated pawn a great weakness.} 28. g3 g6 $5 {
The pawn sacrifice is unnecessary.} (28... Rd8 29. Rd4 f5 $1 {prevents e4.})
29. Rxd5 Rc2 30. a4 $1 bxa4 31. Ra5 Ra2 32. Rxa6 Kg7 33. Kg2 a3 34. b5 Rb2 35.
Rxa3 Rxb5 {This endgame can be found in many books, because the confrontation
of a rook with four pawns versus rook plus three pawns on a flank has great
theoretical importance. It shows the importance of matter.} 36. Ra6 Rb4 37. h3
Rc4 ({Black should play} 37... h5 $1) 38. Kf3 Rb4 39. Ra5 Rc4 40. g4 $1 {
White prevents ..h5 at last.} 40... h6 $5 {
This move does not weaken the black position.} 41. Kg3 Rc1 42. Kg2 Rc4 43. Rd5
Ra4 (43... g5 $6 {should be a weakening.}) 44. f4 $1 {Action starts.} 44...
Ra2+ 45. Kg3 Re2 46. Re5 Re1 47. Kf2 Rh1 48. Kg2 Re1 49. h4 Kf6 ({
Kopayev found the surprising variation} 49... f6 $1 50. Re7+ Kf8 51. Re6 Kf7
52. f5 gxf5 53. gxf5 h5 54. Kf2 Ra1 {and White cannot make progress.}) 50. h5
Re2+ 51. Kf3 Re1 52. Ra5 Kg7 53. hxg6 Kxg6 $1 {
Black needs the f-pawn to stop the e-pawn.} 54. e4 $6 {
The rook should go to the d-file as preparation.} ({Better is} 54. Rd5 $1)
54... Rf1+ 55. Kg3 Rg1+ 56. Kh3 Rf1 57. Rf5 Re1 $2 {The fatal moment.} ({
Correct is} 57... f6 $1 58. Kg2 Re1 59. e5 fxe5 60. Rxe5 Rxe5 61. fxe5 h5 $1
$11) 58. e5 Re3+ 59. Kg2 $1 ({Avoids} 59. Kh4 $2 Rc3 60. Rf6+ Kg7) 59... Ra3
60. Rf6+ Kg7 61. Rb6 ({Better is} 61. Rd6 $1) 61... Re3 62. Rb4 Rc3 63. Kf2 Ra3
64. Rb7 Kg8 65. Rb8+ Kg7 66. f5 $1 Ra2+ 67. Ke3 Ra3+ 68. Ke4 Ra4+ 69. Kd5 $1
Ra5+ ({The justification brings} 69... Rxg4 70. f6+ Kh7 71. Rf8 Kg6 72. Rg8+
Kf5 73. Rxg4 Kxg4 74. e6) 70. Kd6 Ra6+ 71. Kc7 Kh7 ({Or} 71... Ra7+ 72. Kb6 Ra4
73. f6+) 72. Kd7 Ra7+ 73. Kd6 Kg7 74. Rd8 $1 Ra5 75. f6+ Kh7 76. Rf8 Ra7 77.
Kc6 $1 {Zugzwang.} 77... Kg6 78. Rg8+ Kh7 79. Rg7+ Kh8 80. Kb6 $1 Rd7 81. Kc5
$1 Rc7+ 82. Kd6 Ra7 83. e6 Ra6+ 84. Ke7 Rxe6+ (84... fxe6 85. f7 $1 Ra7+ 86.
Kf6 Ra8 87. Kg6 {and mate.}) 85. Kxf7 Re4 86. g5 $1 {A safe haven is created.}
86... hxg5 87. Kg6 {This game is far more interesting the growing grass!} 1-0

[Event "Capablanca"]
[Site "New York 1909"]
[Date "1888.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Marshall, Frank"]
[Black "Capablanca, Jose"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "D34"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "98"]
[EventDate "1888.??.??"]

1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c5 4. cxd5 exd5 5. Nf3 Nc6 6. g3 Be6 7. Bg2 Be7 8. O-O
Nf6 9. Bg5 Ne4 $11 10. Bxe7 Qxe7 11. Ne5 Nxd4 12. Nxe4 dxe4 13. e3 Nf3+ 14.
Nxf3 exf3 15. Qxf3 O-O 16. Rfc1 Rab8 17. Qe4 Qc7 18. Rc3 b5 19. a3 c4 20. Bf3
Rfd8 21. Rd1 Rxd1+ 22. Bxd1 Rd8 23. Bf3 g6 24. Qc6 Qe5 25. Qe4 Qxe4 26. Bxe4 {
The battle for terrain is essential in chess. Capablanca has more control over
the queenside and centre in this position.} 26... Rd1+ (26... Bh3 $1 27. Rc1
Rd2 28. Rb1 a5 {is horrible.}) 27. Kg2 a5 28. Rc2 b4 29. axb4 axb4 30. Bf3 Rb1
{Black has two big advantages: an advanced pawn majority and an active rook.}
31. Be2 $2 {White allows a decisive breakthrough.} ({Correct is} 31. Rd2 $1 Ra1
32. Bc6 Ra2 33. Kf3 $1 {White activates his last piece.} 33... c3 34. Rd8+ Kg7
35. bxc3 bxc3 36. Rd1 {and the struggle continues.}) 31... b3 $1 32. Rd2 ({
The first point is} 32. Rc3 Rxb2 33. Bxc4 Rc2 {and White loses a piece.}) 32...
Rc1 33. Bd1 c3 34. bxc3 b2 $1 35. Rxb2 ({The second pointe is} 35. Bc2 Rxc2 $1)
35... Rxd1 {Black has won a piece. He ends the game efficiently.} 36. Rc2 Bf5
37. Rb2 Rc1 38. Rb3 Be4+ 39. Kh3 Rc2 40. f4 h5 {A mate attack.} 41. g4 hxg4+
42. Kxg4 Rxh2 43. Rb4 f5+ 44. Kg3 Re2 45. Rc4 Rxe3+ 46. Kh4 Kg7 47. Rc7+ Kf6
48. Rd7 Bg2 49. Rd6+ Kg7 {The natural play of Morphy returns with Capablanca.}
0-1

[Event "Capablanca"]
[Site "London 1922"]
[Date "1888.??.??"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Atkins, Henry"]
[Black "Capablanca, Jose"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "B12"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "134"]
[EventDate "1888.??.??"]

1. e4 c6 2. d4 d5 3. e5 Bf5 4. Bd3 Bxd3 5. Qxd3 e6 6. Ne2 Qb6 7. O-O Qa6 8. Qd1
c5 9. c3 Nc6 10. Nd2 cxd4 11. cxd4 Qd3 12. Nb3 Qxd1 13. Rxd1 {
Black has the good bishop.} 13... Nge7 14. Bd2 a5 $3 15. Rac1 b6 $1 {
Capablanca carries out the fight for terrain in an original manner.} 16. a4 Kd7
17. Nc3 Na7 $1 18. Kf1 Nec6 19. Ke2 Rc8 20. Be1 Be7 21. Nb1 f5 22. exf6 $5 Bxf6
$5 23. Bc3 Nb4 24. Bd2 ({The exchange} 24. Bxb4 axb4 {weakens the a-pawn.})
24... Nac6 25. Be3 Na2 26. Rc2 Rc7 27. Na3 Rhc8 28. Rcd2 Na7 29. Rd3 $2 ({
White does not play} 29. Bf4 {for the third time.} 29... Nc1+ 30. Nxc1 Rxc1 31.
Rxc1 Rxc1 32. Rc2 Rxc2+ 33. Nxc2 {leads to many exchanges.}) 29... Nb4 30. R3d2
Rc6 {Black controls the c-file.} 31. Rb1 Be7 32. Ra1 Bd6 33. h3 R6c7 34. Rad1
Na2 $1 35. Ra1 Bxa3 36. Rxa2 Bb4 37. Rd1 Rc4 $1 38. Rc1 Nc6 39. Rxc4 dxc4 40.
Nd2 Bxd2 $1 41. Kxd2 {White has a poor position despite the exchanges.} 41...
Kd6 42. Kc3 Kd5 43. Ra1 g6 44. f3 Rb8 45. Ra3 b5 46. axb5 Rxb5 {
Another exchange helps Black.} 47. Bf2 Nb4 $1 48. b3 (48. Be3 $2 Nd3 $1 49. b3
Rxb3+ $1 50. Rxb3 cxb3 51. Kxb3 Ne1 {shows elegance.}) 48... cxb3 49. Kxb3 (49.
Rxb3 $2 Na2+ 50. Kb2 Rxb3+ 51. Kxb3 Nc1+ 52. Kc2 Ne2 53. Kb3 Nf4 $1 {
and the knight decides the game.}) 49... Nc6+ 50. Kc3 Rb1 51. Ra4 Rc1+ 52. Kd2
$2 {White misses his last chance,} (52. Kd3 $1 Nb4+ 53. Ke3 Rc3+ 54. Kf4 $3 Nc6
55. Ra2 {The role of the white king changes from defender to attacker.}) 52...
Rc4 $1 53. Ra1 a4 54. Ra3 Na7 55. Ra1 Nb5 56. Rb1 Kc6 $1 ({
The exchanges starting with} 56... Nxd4 $6 {lead to a difficult rook ending.})
57. Kd3 Rc3+ 58. Kd2 Rb3 59. Rc1+ ({Or} 59. Rxb3 axb3 60. Kd3 b2 $1 61. Kc2 Nc3
62. Kxb2 Nd1+ 63. Kc2 Nxf2 64. Kd2 Nh1 $1) 59... Kb7 60. Rc2 a3 61. Bg3 ({
Black also wins in} 61. Be3 Ka6 62. g4 Ka5 63. h4 Kb4) 61... Nxd4 62. Rc7+ Kb6
63. Rc4 Kb5 64. Rc8 Nc6 65. Ra8 Rb2+ 66. Ke3 Rxg2 67. Bf2 Nb4 {
As a child I had great admiration for the deceptive simplicity of this game.}
0-1

[Event "Capablanca"]
[Site "Berlin 1928"]
[Date "1888.??.??"]
[Round "4"]
[White "Capablanca, Jose"]
[Black "Rubinstein, Akiba"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C09"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "87"]
[EventDate "1888.??.??"]

1. d4 d5 2. Nf3 c5 3. dxc5 e6 4. e4 Bxc5 5. exd5 exd5 6. Bb5+ Nc6 7. O-O Nge7
8. Nbd2 O-O 9. Nb3 Bb6 10. Re1 Bg4 11. Bd3 Ng6 12. h3 Bxf3 13. Qxf3 Nce5 14.
Qf5 Nxd3 15. Qxd3 d4 16. Bd2 Qf6 17. Re4 Rad8 18. Rae1 Qc6 19. g3 Rfe8 20. Ba5
Rxe4 21. Qxe4 Nf8 22. Qxc6 bxc6 {White controls more terrain.} 23. Re7 {
He seeks targets.} 23... Rd5 $5 (23... d3 $1 24. cxd3 Rxd3 25. Bxb6 axb6 26.
Rb7 Nd7 {gives an excellent alternative.}) 24. Bxb6 axb6 25. Rb7 Nd7 ({
A pawn is lost in} 25... b5 $2 26. Rc7 Rd6 27. Na5) 26. Rc7 Rd6 $2 ({The handy
} 26... c5 $1 27. Rc8+ Nf8 28. Rb8 c4 $1 29. Nd2 b5 {means survival for Black.}
) 27. Rc8+ Nf8 28. Nd2 c5 29. Nc4 Re6 30. Rb8 {Capa has found the aim.} 30...
Re1+ 31. Kg2 g5 32. a4 Ra1 ({Or} 32... Rc1 33. Nxb6 Rxc2 34. Nd7 d3 35. Rxf8+
Kg7 36. Rd8 {(Karpov and Zaitsev).}) 33. Nxb6 Kg7 34. Rc8 Ne6 35. Nd7 Rxa4 36.
Nxc5 Rb4 (36... Rc4 $4 37. Nxe6+ $1) 37. Nd3 $1 {
The knight becomes a useful blockader.} 37... Rb5 38. Kf3 h6 39. b4 h5 40. g4
hxg4+ 41. hxg4 f6 42. Rc4 Kf7 43. Nc5 Nd8 ({No use has} 43... Nxc5 44. bxc5)
44. Nb3 {Rubinstein overstepped the time limit in a lost position.} 1-0

[Event "Capablanca"]
[Site "W Ch Havana 1921"]
[Date "1888.??.??"]
[Round "5"]
[White "Lasker, Emanuel"]
[Black "Capablanca, Jose"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "D61"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "136"]
[EventDate "1888.??.??"]

1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. e3 O-O 6. Nf3 Nbd7 7. Qc2 c5 8. Rd1
Qa5 9. Bd3 h6 10. Bh4 cxd4 11. exd4 dxc4 12. Bxc4 Nb6 13. Bb3 Bd7 14. O-O Rac8
15. Ne5 Bb5 16. Rfe1 Nbd5 17. Bxd5 Nxd5 18. Bxe7 Nxe7 19. Qb3 Bc6 20. Nxc6 bxc6
21. Re5 Qb6 22. Qc2 Rfd8 23. Ne2 Rd5 24. Rxd5 cxd5 25. Qd2 {A lack of time
often is a problem in the opening and middle-game. Lack of tempi can be a
difficulty in the endgame.} 25... Nf5 26. b3 h5 ({Barcza prefers} 26... g6 $2
27. g4 Nd6 28. Qxh6 Ne4 {but then follows} 29. Rc1) 27. h3 $6 ({The exchange} 
27. Ng3 Nxg3 28. fxg3 {is better. See} 28... Qc7 29. Qg5 Qc2 30. Qxh5 Qxa2 31.
Rf1 $1 {and White utilises the open f-file.}) 27... h4 $1 28. Qd3 Rc6 29. Kf1
g6 30. Qb1 Qb4 31. Kg1 {
Lasker only has a passive move in the adjourned position.} 31... a5 32. Qb2 a4
33. Qd2 Qxd2 34. Rxd2 axb3 35. axb3 Rb6 {Black pressures on two weak pawns.}
36. Rd3 Ra6 37. g4 $1 hxg3 38. fxg3 Ra2 39. Nc3 $5 (39. Kf2 Nd6 40. Kf3 Ne4 41.
Ke3 Rb2 42. Kf3 $2 Rxb3) 39... Rc2 40. Nd1 Ne7 41. Nc3 Rc1+ $6 ({The immediate
} 41... Nc6 {continues the pressure.}) 42. Kf2 Nc6 43. Nd1 $2 (43. Ne2 Rc2 44.
Ke1 $1 (44. Ke3 Na5 $1 {remains unpleasant.}) 44... Nb4 45. Kd1 Rb2 46. Re3 Kf8
47. h4 Ke7 48. Kc1 Ra2 49. Kd1 {
Black's restriction lacks power. White keeps tempi.}) 43... Rb1 $1 ({
Lasker mentions the trap} 43... Nb4 $2 44. Rd2 Rb1 45. Nb2 Rxb2 46. Rxb2 Nd3+
47. Ke2 Nxb2 48. Kd2 Kg7 49. Kc2 Nc4 50. bxc4 dxc4 51. Kc3 $11) 44. Ke2 $6 (44.
Ke1 Na5 45. Kd2 Rxb3 (45... Nxb3+ $4 46. Kc2) 46. Rxb3 Nxb3+ 47. Kc3 {
is slightly better.}) 44... Rxb3 $1 45. Ke3 Rb4 {
Black has won a pawn and continues the pressure.} 46. Nc3 Ne7 47. Ne2 Nf5+ 48.
Kf2 g5 49. g4 Nd6 50. Ng1 Ne4+ 51. Kf1 Rb1+ 52. Kg2 Rb2+ 53. Kf1 Rf2+ 54. Ke1
Ra2 55. Kf1 Kg7 56. Re3 Kg6 57. Rd3 f6 58. Re3 Kf7 59. Rd3 Ke7 60. Re3 Kd6 61.
Rd3 Rf2+ 62. Ke1 Rg2 63. Kf1 Ra2 64. Re3 e5 $1 65. Rd3 exd4 66. Rxd4 Kc5 67.
Rd1 d4 68. Rc1+ Kd5 {
Capablanca won the match and became the third world champion.} 0-1

[Event "Reti"]
[Site "Kagan's Neuesten Sch. 1922"]
[Date "1889.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Reti, Richard"]
[Black "?"]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "7K/8/k1P4p/8/8/8/8/8 b - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "8"]
[EventDate "1889.??.??"]

{Reti (1889-1929) composed the most famous study after the Saavedra in 1921.
He sent it to Kagan.} 1... h5 {The task of the white king seems to be hopeless.
} 2. Kg7 $1 h4 3. Kf6 $1 Kb6 4. Ke5 $1 Kxc6 (4... h3 5. Kd6) 5. Kf4 {Gaining an
important tempo by a king in the race with a pawn is called the Reti-manoeuvre.
} 1/2-1/2

[Event "Reti"]
[Site "Narodni Listy 1928"]
[Date "1889.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Reti, Richard"]
[Black "?"]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "5K2/k7/4P1p1/8/8/8/4b3/8 w - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "13"]
[EventDate "1889.??.??"]

{The white king has to catch up with a passed pawn again.} 1. Ke7 $3 g5 2. Kd6
$1 g4 3. e7 $1 Bb5 4. Kc5 $1 Be8 5. Kd4 g3 6. Ke3 g2 7. Kf2 {
Reti's manoeuvre has been successful.} 1/2-1/2

[Event "Reti"]
[Site "Koelnische Volkszeitung 1928"]
[Date "1889.??.??"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Reti, Richard"]
[Black "Correction by Henri Rinck"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "8/3k4/1K6/8/4BR2/4p3/4p3/8 w - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "9"]
[EventDate "1889.??.??"]

{Two pieces battle with two pawns.} 1. Bf5+ $1 (1. Bc6+ $2 {
does not avoid the future threat of stalemate.}) 1... Kd8 2. Rd4+ Ke7 3. Re4+
Kd8 $1 4. Bd7 $1 {White avoids stalemate by a sacrifice.} (4. Rxe3 $2 e1=Q 5.
Rxe1 {stalemate.}) 4... e1=Q 5. Bb5 $1 {The threat of mate decides the game.}
1-0

[Event "Alekhine"]
[Site "St.Petersburg 1914"]
[Date "1892.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Alekhine, Alexander"]
[Black "Marshall, Frank"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C42"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "110"]
[EventDate "1892.??.??"]

{Alekhine (1892-1946) was a great tactician. He liked to attack in the endgame.
} 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. Nxe5 d6 4. Nf3 Nxe4 5. d4 d5 6. Bd3 Bd6 7. c4 Bb4+ 8.
Nbd2 Nxd2 9. Bxd2 Qe7+ 10. Qe2 Qxe2+ 11. Kxe2 Bxd2 12. Kxd2 {The exchanges do
not lead to a quick draw, because White has an advantage in development of
four tempi.} 12... Be6 (12... dxc4 13. Rhe1+ {is unpleasant too.}) 13. cxd5
Bxd5 14. Rhe1+ Kd8 (14... Kf8 15. Be4 Bxe4 16. Rxe4 Nc6 17. Rae1 {
and White has complete control over the e-file.}) 15. Be4 $1 Bxe4 16. Rxe4 Re8
17. Rae1 Rxe4 18. Rxe4 {
The additional exchanges have brought no relief for Black.} 18... Nc6 $2 {
Black will lose a pawn.} ({Better is} 18... f6 $1 19. d5 $1 Nd7 20. Nd4 Nf8 $1
{Black might survive.}) 19. Rg4 $1 g6 20. Rh4 $1 Ke7 ({The pointe is} 20... h5
21. g4 $1) 21. Rxh7 Rd8 22. Rh4 Rd5 23. Re4+ Kf8 24. Kc3 Rf5 25. Re2 a6 26. a3
Ne7 27. Re5 Rf6 28. Kd3 b6 29. Re2 Nd5 30. Ke4 Nf4 31. Rc2 Nxg2 32. Ne5 ({Not} 
32. Rxc7 $4 Rf4+) 32... Ke8 33. Rxc7 Rxf2 34. Nc4 b5 35. Nd6+ Kf8 36. d5 $2 {
Alekhine goes to far in a doubtful attack.} 36... f6 $2 {
Black misses the opportunity.} (36... f5+ $1 37. Ke5 Ne3 38. Rc8+ Kg7 39. Rc7+
{leads to perpetual check.}) 37. Nb7 Nf4 38. b4 g5 39. d6 Ne6 40. Kd5 Nf4+ 41.
Kc6 Rxh2 42. Nc5 Rd2 43. Rc8+ Kf7 44. d7 Ne6 45. Nxe6 Kxe6 46. d8=Q Rxd8 47.
Rxd8 g4 48. Re8+ Kf7 49. Re2 f5 50. Kd5 Kf6 51. Kd4 f4 52. Ke4 Kg5 53. Rc2 f3
54. Rd2 Kh4 55. Kf4 Kh3 1-0

[Event "Alekhine"]
[Site "Kecskemet 1927"]
[Date "1892.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Yates, Frederick"]
[Black "Alekhine, Alexander"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C11"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "150"]
[EventDate "1892.??.??"]

1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 dxe4 5. Nxe4 Be7 6. Bxf6 Bxf6 7. Nf3 Nd7 8.
Bd3 c5 9. dxc5 Nxc5 10. Nxf6+ Qxf6 11. O-O Qxb2 12. Rb1 Qf6 13. Bb5+ Ke7 14.
Qc1 b6 15. Rb4 Bb7 16. Rf4 Qh6 17. Ne5 f6 18. Qe3 Rhf8 19. Ng4 Qg5 20. Qg3 Rf7
21. Rd4 Kf8 22. h4 Qf5 23. Rfd1 e5 24. Nh6 Qc8 25. Rd8+ Qxd8 26. Rxd8+ Rxd8 27.
Nxf7 Kxf7 28. Bc4+ Bd5 29. Qg4 Bxc4 30. Qxc4+ {Alekhine had a strong will to
win. When he had a plus in the endgame, he fought until the last pawn.} 30...
Ke7 31. Qg4 Kf8 32. Kh2 h6 33. Kh3 Kf7 34. Qh5+ Ke7 35. Qg6 Ne6 {
Black wants to use his majority of wood.} 36. g3 $2 (36. Qe4 {
The queen has to go to the centre.}) 36... Rd4 37. a3 Rf4 38. Kg2 $2 {
White blunders a pawn.} ({Correct is} 38. Qd3 $1 Rxf2 39. Qa6 f5 40. Qxa7+ Kf6
41. Qxb6 Rxc2 42. Qb3 {(Alekhine).}) 38... Rxh4 $1 39. Qd3 Rd4 40. Qa6 Rd7 41.
Qc4 Rc7 42. Qb4+ Rc5 43. Qe4 Kf7 44. Qb7+ Rc7 45. Qd5 Ke7 46. Qe4 Nd4 47. c3
Ne6 48. Qb4+ Rc5 49. Qa4 Ra5 50. Qb4+ Nc5 51. Qg4 Kf7 52. Qc4+ Kf8 53. Qa2 {
The queen has been restricted to a passive role.} 53... Ra4 54. Kh3 Ke7 $1 55.
Kg2 ({The pointe is} 55. Qg8 $2 Ne6 $1) 55... Ra5 56. Kf1 Ne6 57. Qb3 f5 58.
Qb4+ Rc5 59. Kg2 g5 60. f3 h5 61. Kf2 Kf6 62. Ke1 ({Or} 62. Qa4 Rc7) 62... g4
63. Kf2 Ng5 64. f4 Ne4+ 65. Kg2 exf4 66. gxf4 h4 67. Qd4+ Ke6 68. Qh8 h3+ 69.
Kh2 Nf6 70. Qb8 Rd5 71. Qc8+ (71. Qxa7 Rd2+ {and White has no defence.}) 71...
Kf7 72. Kg3 Kg6 73. Qc6 Rd2 74. Kh4 h2 75. Kg3 Kh5 $1 {
Alekhine prepared for his match against Capablanca.} (75... Kh5 76. Qxf6 h1=N#
$1) 0-1

[Event "Alekhine"]
[Site "W Ch Buenos Aires 1927"]
[Date "1892.??.??"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Alekhine, Alexander"]
[Black "Capablanca, Jose"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D51"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "163"]
[EventDate "1892.??.??"]

1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Nbd7 5. e3 c6 6. a3 Be7 7. Nf3 O-O 8. Bd3
dxc4 9. Bxc4 Nd5 10. Bxe7 Qxe7 11. Ne4 N5f6 12. Ng3 c5 13. O-O Nb6 14. Ba2 cxd4
15. Nxd4 g6 16. Rc1 Bd7 17. Qe2 Rac8 18. e4 e5 19. Nf3 Kg7 20. h3 h6 21. Qd2
Be6 22. Bxe6 Qxe6 23. Qa5 Nc4 24. Qxa7 Nxb2 25. Rxc8 Rxc8 26. Qxb7 Nc4 27. Qb4
Ra8 28. Ra1 Qc6 29. a4 Nxe4 30. Nxe5 Qd6 31. Qxc4 Qxe5 32. Re1 Nd6 33. Qc1 Qf6
34. Ne4 Nxe4 35. Rxe4 Rb8 {White starts a long endgame with an extra pawn.} 36.
Re2 Ra8 37. Ra2 Ra5 38. Qc7 Qa6 {Black stops the advanced pawn.} 39. Qc3+ Kh7
40. Rd2 Qb6 (40... Rxa4 $4 41. Rd8 $1 {threatens mate.}) 41. Rd7 Qb1+ 42. Kh2
Qb8+ 43. g3 Rf5 44. Qd4 Qe8 $1 {Capablanca sets a trap.} 45. Rd5 (45. Rd8 $2
Rxf2+ $1) 45... Rf3 46. h4 Qh8 47. Qb6 $1 (47. Qxh8+ $2 Kxh8 48. Kg2 Ra3 {
leads to a theoretical draw.}) 47... Qa1 48. Kg2 Rf6 ({A second pawn is won in
} 48... Ra3 49. Rd7 Kg7 50. Qb7 Qf6 51. Rxf7+ $1 $18) 49. Qd4 Qxd4 50. Rxd4 {
White wins the rook ending, because the black rook cannot get behind the
passed pawn.} 50... Kg7 51. a5 Ra6 52. Rd5 Rf6 53. Rd4 Ra6 54. Ra4 Kf6 55. Kf3
Ke5 56. Ke3 h5 57. Kd3 Kd5 58. Kc3 Kc5 59. Ra2 Kb5 60. Kb3 Kc5 61. Kc3 {
Zugzwang.} 61... Kb5 62. Kd4 Rd6+ (62... Kb4 63. Ra1 $1) 63. Ke5 Re6+ 64. Kf4
Ka6 65. Kg5 Re5+ 66. Kh6 Rf5 67. f4 ({Even better is} 67. Kg7 $1 Rf3 {
(Alekhine)} 68. Kf8 Rf6 69. f4 Rf5 70. Kg7) 67... Rc5 68. Ra3 Rc7 69. Kg7 Rd7
70. f5 gxf5 71. Kh6 (71. Rf3 $1 f4 72. Rxf4 Rd3 73. g4 hxg4 74. Rxg4 {
wins faster.}) 71... f4 $1 72. gxf4 Rd5 73. Kg7 Rf5 74. Ra4 Kb5 75. Re4 Ka6 76.
Kh6 Rxa5 (76... Kb7 77. Re5 Rxf4 78. Kg5 Rf1 79. Rf5 $1 {(after Alekhine).})
77. Re5 Ra1 78. Kxh5 Rg1 79. Rg5 Rh1 80. Rf5 Kb6 81. Rxf7 Kc6 82. Re7 {
A triumph of the will has occurred. Alekhine defeated Capablanca in their last
match game. He was the fourth world champion.} 1-0

[Event "Alekhine"]
[Site "W Ch Den Bosch"]
[Date "1892.??.??"]
[Round "4"]
[White "Euwe, Max"]
[Black "Alekhine, Alexander"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "D12"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "130"]
[EventDate "1892.??.??"]

1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. e3 Bf5 5. cxd5 cxd5 6. Nc3 e6 7. Qb3 Qc8 8. Bd2
Nc6 9. Rc1 Be7 10. Bb5 O-O 11. O-O Qd8 12. Na4 Na5 13. Bxa5 Qxa5 14. Nc5 Bxc5
15. dxc5 Ne4 16. Qa4 Qxa4 17. Bxa4 Rfc8 18. c6 bxc6 19. Bxc6 Rab8 20. Nd4 Rxb2
21. Nxf5 exf5 22. Bxd5 Nc3 $1 23. Kh1 g6 24. Bb3 Rc5 25. f3 a5 26. e4 a4 27.
Bd5 Rbb5 28. h3 Kg7 29. Rc2 Nxd5 30. Rxc5 Rxc5 31. exd5 Rxd5 {
Black has an extra pawn and his pieces are more active.} 32. Rf2 Kf6 33. Re2
Re5 34. Rc2 Re3 $1 35. Kh2 Ra3 36. Kg3 Ke5 37. Rd2 h6 38. h4 h5 (38... f4+ $1 {
is even stronger.}) 39. Re2+ Kd6 {Square e7 needs protection.} 40. Kf4 f6 41.
Rc2 Kd5 42. g3 g5+ $5 {Exchanges open the prison.} 43. hxg5 fxg5+ 44. Kxg5 Rxf3
45. Rg2 $1 Kd4 46. Kxh5 f4 47. gxf4 Rxf4 {
Black has given a pawn for a big positional advantage.} 48. Kg5 Re4 49. Kf5
Re5+ 50. Kf4 Re8 51. Kf3 Kd3 52. Rb2 Rf8+ 53. Kg3 Kc3 54. Rb7 $5 Rf1 55. Rb8 ({
The alternative is} 55. a3 $1 Ra1 56. Rb4 Rxa3 57. Rg4 $3 {
and a theoretical draw.}) 55... Ra1 56. Kf3 $2 ({Correct is} 56. Rf8 $1 Rxa2
57. Rf3+ $11) 56... Rxa2 57. Ke3 Rh2 $2 (57... a3 $1 58. Rc8+ Kb2 $1 59. Kd2
Kb1+ 60. Kd1 Rh2 61. Rb8+ Rb2 62. Rc8 Rb7 {and the a-pawn queens (Grigoriev).})
58. Rc8+ $2 ({Right is} 58. Ra8 $1 Kb3 59. Kd3 $1 a3 60. Rb8+) 58... Kb2 59.
Rb8+ Kc1 60. Rc8+ (60. Ra8 a3 $1 {is the point of the king's manoeuvre.}) 60...
Kb1 61. Rb8+ Rb2 62. Ra8 Rb3+ 63. Kd4 a3 64. Kc4 Kb2 65. Rh8 Rc3+ {
An interesting rook ending.} 0-1

[Event "Euwe"]
[Site "W Ch Amsterdam 1935"]
[Date "1901.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Euwe, Max"]
[Black "Alekhine, Alexander"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D45"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "137"]
[EventDate "1901.??.??"]

{Max Euwe (1901-1981) became the fifth world champion in 1935. He was a great
expert of the endgame.} 1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. e3 e6 5. Nc3 a6 6. c5
b6 7. cxb6 Nbd7 8. Na4 Nxb6 9. Bd2 Nxa4 10. Qxa4 Qb6 11. Rc1 Bd7 12. Ne5 Qxb2
13. Nxd7 Nxd7 14. Bd3 Rb8 15. Ke2 Rb6 16. Rb1 Qa3 17. Qxa3 Bxa3 18. Rxb6 Nxb6
19. Rb1 Nd7 20. Bxa6 {
White has the advantages of an extra pawn and two bishops.} 20... Ke7 21. Rb3
Bd6 22. Bb7 c5 23. a4 Bb8 $6 ({A stronger defence organises} 23... c4 24. Rb5
Rd8 25. a5 Bb8 26. Bb4+ Kf6 27. a6 Ba7) 24. Rb5 Ba7 25. dxc5 Nxc5 26. Bb4 Kd6
27. a5 Kc7 28. Bxc5 $1 (28. a6 Nd7 29. Bxd5 exd5 30. Rb7+ Kc6 31. Rxa7 {
gives an insufficient advantage (Euwe).}) 28... Bxc5 29. Bxd5 Kd6 30. Bb7 Ba7
31. a6 Rd8 32. Rb2 Rd7 33. Rd2+ Ke7 34. Rc2 Rd6 35. Rc7+ Rd7 36. Rc2 Rd6 37. f4
f5 38. Rc8 Rd8 39. Rc7+ Rd7 40. Rc3 Rd6 {
"Will the extra pawn guarantee a win?", the Dutch chess lovers question.} 41.
Rc7+ Rd7 42. Rc3 Rd6 43. h4 g6 ({No better are} 43... Rd7 44. Bc8 $18) ({and} 
43... Bb6 44. Rc8 Rd8 45. Rc6 Rd6 46. Rxb6 Rxb6 47. a7 $18 {(Euwe).}) 44. Rc2
h5 45. Rc3 (45. Rc8 Rb6 {presents chances to Black as well.}) 45... Rb6 46.
Rc7+ Kd6 47. Rg7 Rb2+ 48. Kd3 Ra2 (48... Rb3+ 49. Kc4 Rxe3 50. Bf3 $1) 49. Rxg6
Ra3+ 50. Kc4 Bxe3 51. Bd5 $1 Bxf4 ({The tactical justification is} 51... Ra4+
52. Kb5 Rxa6 53. Rxe6+ $1 Kxd5 54. Re5+ {(Euwe).}) 52. Rxe6+ $6 ({
A witty win brings} 52. Bxe6 $1 Ke5 $1 53. Bf7 $1 Bh2 54. Kb5 Ra1 55. Rh6 Rb1+
56. Kc6 Bg1 57. Re6+ Kf4 58. Bxh5 Kg3 59. Bg6 $1 Rb6+ 60. Kd7 {
Although White allows the exchange of rooks, he wins easily.}) 52... Kc7 53.
Rc6+ Kb8 54. Rg6 Bc7 55. Bb7 Ka7 $6 (55... Ra5 $1 56. Kb4 $1 Re5 57. Bf3 Ba5+
$1 58. Kc4 Ka7 {poses great technical problems to White.}) 56. Rg5 Bd8 57. Rxh5
Bxh4 58. Rxf5 Kb6 59. Rb5+ Kc7 60. Rb3 Ra5 61. Kd4 Bf2+ 62. Ke4 Kd6 63. Rd3+
Ke6 64. Bc8+ Ke7 65. Rd5 Ra4+ 66. Kf5 Bg3 67. Rd7+ Kf8 68. a7 $1 Bf2 69. Ba6 $1
{Tartakower called the game 'Triumph of logic'.} 1-0

[Event "Euwe"]
[Site "Amsterdam 1936"]
[Date "1901.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Alekhine, Alexander"]
[Black "Euwe, Max"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C49"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "119"]
[EventDate "1901.??.??"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. O-O O-O 6. d3 d6 7. Ne2 Ne7 8. c3
Ba5 9. Ng3 c6 10. Ba4 Ng6 11. d4 Re8 12. Bb3 exd4 13. cxd4 Be6 14. Ng5 Bxb3 15.
Qxb3 Qd7 16. f3 h6 17. Nh3 Re6 18. Nf4 Nxf4 19. Bxf4 Bb6 20. Rad1 Rae8 21. Kh1
d5 22. e5 Nh7 23. Nf5 f6 24. g4 fxe5 25. Bxe5 Nf6 26. Qd3 Kh8 27. Rg1 Bc7 28.
f4 Qf7 29. Rdf1 Bxe5 30. fxe5 Ne4 31. g5 hxg5 32. Nd6 Nf2+ 33. Kg2 Nxd3 34.
Nxf7+ Kg8 35. Nxg5 {
Euwe has survived an attack of his great rival. He counterattacks immediately.}
35... Rg6 36. h4 c5 $1 37. dxc5 $2 ({The variation} 37. Rf3 $1 Nxb2 38. Rb1 Nc4
39. Rxb7 cxd4 40. e6 {gives chances to both sides.}) 37... Rxe5 38. Kh3 Nxc5
39. Rc1 Rc6 40. Rge1 Ne4 41. Rxc6 bxc6 42. Rc1 $2 ({Correct is} 42. Nxe4 $1
Rxe4 43. Rxe4 dxe4 44. Kg4 Kf7 45. Kf4 Kg6 46. Kxe4 Kh5 47. Kf5 {
and White survives the pawn ending.}) 42... Nxg5+ 43. hxg5 Re6 $1 {
Euwe does not exchange. He keeps the control over the centre.} 44. Kg4 Kf7 45.
Rc3 a5 46. Kf3 Kg6 47. Ra3 Kxg5 48. Rxa5 Kf5 49. a4 ({No effect has} 49. Ra8 g5
50. Rf8+ Rf6) 49... g5 50. Ra8 Re4 51. Rf8+ Ke5 52. Re8+ Kd4 53. Rb8 {
The exchange of rooks loses quickly.} 53... c5 54. b4 $5 ({
More resistance is offered by} 54. a5 $1 Re1 55. a6 Ra1 56. Ra8 {(Euwe)} {but}
56... Kd3 $1 57. a7 d4 58. Kg4 Kc2 $1 {wins.}) 54... c4 55. a5 Re3+ 56. Kf2 Ra3
57. Rg8 c3 58. Rxg5 Ra2+ 59. Kf3 c2 60. Rg1 {Alekhine wanted revenge but lost.}
0-1

[Event "Euwe"]
[Site "Groningen 1946"]
[Date "1901.??.??"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Euwe, Max"]
[Black "Yanofsky, Daniel"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "E40"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "91"]
[EventDate "1901.??.??"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 d6 5. Nge2 O-O 6. a3 Bxc3+ 7. Nxc3 e5 8.
Be2 Qe7 9. O-O Bf5 10. f3 Nc6 11. Nd5 Nxd5 12. cxd5 Nb8 13. e4 Bc8 14. Be3 exd4
15. Qxd4 f5 16. Rac1 c5 17. dxc6 Nxc6 18. Qa4 fxe4 19. Qxe4 Qxe4 20. fxe4 Rxf1+
21. Bxf1 Be6 {White has positional advantages.} 22. Bb5 Rc8 $6 {
There is no need for a pawn sacrifice.} ({Possible is} 22... Ne5 23. Rc7 a6)
23. Bxc6 Rxc6 24. Rxc6 bxc6 25. Bxa7 Kf7 $6 ({A fine alternative brings} 25...
Bb3 $1 26. Bb8 Bc2 $1 27. Bxd6 Bxe4) 26. a4 Bb3 27. a5 Bc2 $2 ({
The following problems are avoided by} 27... Bc4 $1 28. b4 Ke6) 28. Bc5 $3 {
The blockade can lead to promotion of the a-pawn.} 28... Bd3 {
Black has to give another pawn.} 29. Bxd6 Bxe4 30. a6 c5 31. Bxc5 h5 32. Kf2
Bd3 33. a7 Be4 34. g3 Ke6 35. Ke3 Bg2 $2 {
Yanovsky handles the bishops of the opposite colours in a wrong way.} ({
Correct is} 35... Kf5 $1 36. Bf8 g6 37. Kd4 Bg2 38. Kc5 Ke6 $1 {
The white king cannot cross the diagonal b8-h2. So Black draws.}) 36. Kf4 $1 g6
37. g4 hxg4 38. Kxg4 Bh1 39. Kg5 Kf7 40. Bd4 Bg2 41. h4 Bh1 42. b4 Bg2 43. b5
Bh1 44. Bf6 Bg2 45. h5 $1 gxh5 46. Kf5 {The white king is able to march to c7.}
1-0

[Event "Euwe"]
[Site "Varna 1962"]
[Date "1901.??.??"]
[Round "4"]
[White "Sliwa, Bogdan"]
[Black "Euwe, Max"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "A17"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "112"]
[EventDate "1901.??.??"]

1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 e6 3. Nf3 Bb4 4. g3 O-O 5. Bg2 d5 6. Qb3 Nc6 7. O-O d4 8. Nb1
a5 9. d3 e5 10. Bg5 h6 11. Bxf6 Qxf6 12. Qc2 a4 13. a3 Be7 14. Nbd2 Bd7 15. Kh1
Qg6 16. Rae1 Rfd8 17. Ng1 Na5 18. Be4 Bc6 19. Ngf3 Bxe4 20. dxe4 Nc6 21. Rd1
Bg5 22. Qd3 Qe6 23. Ne1 Bxd2 24. Rxd2 Na5 25. Rc2 Nb3 26. f3 Ra5 27. Qd1 Rc5
28. Nd3 Rxc4 29. Rxc4 Qxc4 30. Nxe5 Qe6 31. Nd3 c5 32. Nf4 Qc4 33. Kg2 b5 34.
Nd5 Kf8 35. Rf2 Qc1 36. Qxc1 Nxc1 {This game impressed me deeply. Euwe's
victory seems to be destined by fate. The opponent is slowly pushed of the
board.} 37. e3 $6 {The threatened pawn moves forwards.} ({White wins time in} 
37. h4 c4 38. Kf1 Rc8 39. e3) 37... d3 $1 38. Rd2 c4 {
Black has consolidated his pawn majority.} 39. Kf1 Nb3 40. Rd1 Nc5 {
Black threatens ..f5.} 41. Nb4 g5 42. g4 $5 h5 $1 43. h3 $6 ({The desperate} 
43. gxh5 $1 Kg7 44. Nc6 Rh8 45. Nd4 Rxh5 46. Rd2 {gives a fighting chance.})
43... hxg4 44. hxg4 Rd6 45. e5 $6 (45. Nd5 Rh6 46. Kg2 {
creates a defensive screen.}) 45... Re6 46. f4 f6 $1 47. exf6 Rxe3 48. fxg5 {
Although White has an extra pawn, his fate is sealed.} 48... Ne4 49. Kg2 Rg3+
50. Kh2 Rxg4 51. Nxd3 $5 {The last chance.} 51... cxd3 52. Rxd3 Rxg5 53. b3
Nxf6 54. Rd4 Rg4 55. Rd8+ Ke7 56. Rb8 $1 b4 $1 {A black pawn breaks through.}
0-1

[Event "Menchik"]
[Site "Hastings 1930/31"]
[Date "1906.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Euwe, Max"]
[Black "Menchik, Vera"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "D63"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "122"]
[EventDate "1906.??.??"]

{Vera Menchik (1906-1944) became the first world champion among women in 1927.
Maroczy learned her to play quiet positional chess.} 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3
d5 4. Bg5 Nbd7 5. e3 Be7 6. Nf3 O-O 7. Rc1 a6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Bd3 c6 10. O-O
Ne4 11. Bf4 Nxc3 12. Rxc3 Re8 13. Qb1 Nf8 14. b4 Ng6 15. Bg3 Bd6 16. a4 Bxg3
17. hxg3 Bd7 18. Rfc1 Qf6 19. b5 axb5 20. axb5 Rec8 21. Qc2 Qd8 22. bxc6 Rxc6
23. Rc5 Rxc5 24. dxc5 Ra5 25. Qb2 Qa8 26. Qb6 Nf8 27. Ne5 Ra1 28. Rb1 Rxb1+ 29.
Bxb1 Be6 30. Kh2 Nd7 31. Nxd7 Bxd7 32. Qc7 Qc8 33. Qxc8+ Bxc8 {
Two pupils of Maroczy battle in the endgame.} 34. Ba2 Be6 35. Kg1 Kf8 36. Kf1
Ke7 37. Ke2 Kf6 38. Kd3 Ke5 {The black king arrives just in time.} 39. g4 $1 {
White sacrifices a pawn temporarily.} (39. f4+ $2 Kf5 40. Kd4 Kg4 $1 41. Bxd5
Bxd5 42. Kxd5 Kxg3 {draws (Euwe).}) 39... g5 $1 40. g3 Bxg4 41. f4+ gxf4 42.
gxf4+ $1 Kf6 $1 ({The pointe is} 42... Ke6 43. e4) 43. Bxd5 Bc8 44. Bf3 $2 ({
Later Euwe finds the winning manoeuvre} 44. Kc3 $1 Ke7 45. Kb4 f6 $1 46. Ka5
Kd8 47. Kb6 h5 48. Bxb7 $1 h4 49. Bf3 $1 h3 50. c6 h2 51. e4 $18) 44... Ke7 $1
45. Kc4 Kd8 $1 {The king reaches c7 in time.} 46. Kd5 b6 $1 47. c6 $5 Kc7 48.
Ke5 Be6 49. f5 Bb3 50. Kf6 b5 51. Kg7 b4 52. Kxh7 $2 {
Max is punished for his foolish efforts.} (52. Bh5 Bd5 53. Kxh7 {just survives.
}) 52... Bc2 53. Kg7 b3 54. Bd5 b2 55. Ba2 Kxc6 $1 56. f6 ({He has missed} 56.
Kxf7 Bb3+ $1) 56... Kd6 57. e4 Bxe4 58. Kxf7 Bd5+ 59. Bxd5 b1=Q 60. Kg7 Qg1+
61. Kf8 Kxd5 {When Becker lost to Vera, the "Miss Menchik Club" was created. 
Euwe became chairman of the losers, because he was defeated twice.} 0-1

[Event "Flohr"]
[Site "Moscow 1933"]
[Date "1908.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Flohr, Salo"]
[Black "Botvinnik, Mikhail"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "E38"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "137"]
[EventDate "1908.??.??"]

{Flohr (1908-1983) was a peaceful player against his strongest opponents.
Sometimes he had great success in the endgame.} 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4
4. Qc2 c5 5. dxc5 Na6 6. a3 Bxc3+ 7. Qxc3 Nxc5 8. f3 d6 9. e4 e5 10. Be3 Qc7
11. Ne2 Be6 12. Qc2 O-O 13. Nc3 Rfc8 14. Be2 a6 15. Rc1 Ncd7 16. Qd2 Qb8 17.
Nd5 Bxd5 18. cxd5 Rxc1+ 19. Qxc1 Qd8 20. O-O Rc8 21. Qd2 Qc7 22. Rc1 Qxc1+ 23.
Qxc1 Rxc1+ 24. Bxc1 Kf8 {
White has the pair of bishops and controls more terrain.} 25. Kf2 Ke7 26. Be3
Kd8 27. Ke1 Kc7 28. Kd2 Nc5 29. b4 Ncd7 (29... Na4 $5 30. Bd1 b5 31. Bxa4 bxa4
32. Kc3 {is too risky for Black (Euwe).}) 30. g3 Nb6 31. Kc2 Nbd7 $2 ({
Commentators prefer the active} 31... Na4 $1 32. Bc4 b5) 32. a4 Nb6 33. a5 $1
Nbd7 34. Bc1 Kd8 35. Bb2 Ne8 36. Kd2 Nc7 37. Ke3 Ke7 38. Bf1 Nb5 39. h4 Nc7 40.
Bh3 Ne8 41. f4 f6 42. Bf5 g6 43. Bh3 h6 $1 44. Bc1 ({
The point of the previous move is} 44. f5 $2 g5 45. hxg5 hxg5) 44... Ng7 45.
fxe5 $1 {White exchanges at the right moment.} 45... dxe5 (45... Nxe5 $4 46.
Bc8 $1) 46. Kf3 h5 47. Be3 Kd6 48. Bh6 Ne8 49. g4 hxg4+ 50. Bxg4 Nc7 51. Be3
Nb5 52. Ke2 Nc7 53. Kd3 f5 54. exf5 gxf5 55. Bxf5 Nxd5 56. Bd2 $1 ({
The combination} 56. h5 $6 Nxb4+ 57. Kd2 Nd5 58. h6 N7f6 59. Bf2 Kc6 60. h7
Nxh7 61. Bxh7 b6 62. axb6 Nxb6 {
leads to the difficult ending of two bishops versus knight.}) 56... N7f6 57.
Kc4 Kc6 58. Bg6 b5+ 59. Kd3 Ne7 ({The witty} 59... Kd6 $1 {
has to be answered by} 60. Bf5 $1 (60. h5 $2 Nf4+ 61. Bxf4 exf4 62. Ke2 f3+ $1
63. Kxf3 Nxh5 $1 64. Bxh5 Kd5 {draws.})) 60. Be4+ Ned5 61. Bg5 Nh5 62. Bf3 Ng3
63. Bd2 Kd6 64. Bg4 Nf6 65. Bc8 Kc6 66. Be1 e4+ 67. Kd4 Ngh5 68. Bf5 Kd6 69.
Bd2 {The young star of communism was defeated.} 1-0

[Event "Flohr"]
[Site "Nottingham 1936"]
[Date "1908.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Flohr, Salo"]
[Black "Vidmar, Milan"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D62"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "115"]
[EventDate "1908.??.??"]

1. c4 e6 2. Nc3 d5 3. d4 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. e3 O-O 6. Nf3 Nbd7 7. Qc2 c5 8. cxd5
Nxd5 9. Bxe7 Qxe7 10. Nxd5 exd5 11. Bd3 g6 12. dxc5 Nxc5 13. O-O Bg4 14. Nd4
Rac8 15. Qd2 a6 16. Bc2 Qg5 17. f3 Bd7 18. Rfe1 Rfd8 19. Rad1 Qf6 20. Bb3 Ba4
21. Bxa4 Nxa4 22. Rc1 Nc5 23. Red1 Qb6 24. Ne2 Nd7 25. Qd4 Qxd4 26. Nxd4 Ne5 {
White has a slight advantage.} 27. b3 Kf8 28. Kf1 Rxc1 29. Rxc1 Nc6 $2 ({
Correct is} 29... Ke7 $1 {(Alekhine)} 30. Rc7+ Rd7 31. Rc8 Rd8) 30. Nxc6 Rc8
31. Rc5 $2 {Both players miss the best chance.} (31. Ke2 $1 bxc6 32. Rc5 {
transposes to the game (Alekhine).}) 31... bxc6 $2 ({
Black takes advantage of the mistake by} 31... Rxc6 $1 32. Rxd5 $5 Rc2 {
(Alekhine)} 33. Rd6 Rxa2 34. Rb6 h5 35. Rxb7 a5 36. Ra7 Rb2 37. Rxa5 Rxb3 {
draw.}) 32. Ke2 Ke7 33. Kd3 Kd6 34. Ra5 $1 ({Not} 34. Kd4 $2 Rb8 35. Ra5 c5+ $1
) 34... Ra8 35. Kd4 f5 36. b4 Rb8 37. a3 Ra8 38. e4 $1 fxe4 39. fxe4 dxe4 40.
Kxe4 Ra7 $2 {Black misses the subtle escape.} (40... Kc7 $1 {
The king takes over the protection of pawn a6.} 41. g4 (41. Re5 Kb6 42. Re7 a5
43. Rxh7 axb4 44. axb4 Ra4 45. Rg7 Rxb4+ 46. Kf3 Rh4 47. h3 Rh6 48. Kg4 c5 49.
Kg5 Rh8 50. Rxg6+ Kb5 {
and Black survives with great difficulty (Levenfish and Smyslov)}) 41... Kb6
42. h4 Re8+ 43. Kf4 (43. Re5 Rxe5+ 44. Kxe5 Kb5) 43... h6 $1 44. h5 Rf8+ 45.
Ke4 Re8+ {White makes no progress.}) 41. Kf4 h6 42. h4 Ke6 43. Kg4 Ra8 44. h5
g5 45. g3 Ra7 46. Kf3 Ra8 47. Ke4 Ra7 48. Kd4 Kd6 49. Ke4 Ke6 50. Re5+ $1 Kd6 (
{Or} 50... Kf6 51. Rc5 Rc7 52. Ra5 Ra7 53. Kd4) 51. Re8 c5 52. Rd8+ Kc6 53.
Rc8+ Kb6 54. Rxc5 Rh7 55. Re5 Kc6 56. Re6+ Kb5 57. Kf5 Rf7+ 58. Rf6 {
Flohr won a classic rook ending.} 1-0

[Event "Flohr"]
[Site "Semmering-Baden 1937"]
[Date "1908.??.??"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Eliskases, Erich"]
[Black "Flohr, Salo"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "D93"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "114"]
[EventDate "1908.??.??"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bf4 Bg7 5. e3 O-O 6. Nf3 c5 7. cxd5 Nxd5 8. Be5
Nxc3 9. bxc3 cxd4 10. Bxg7 Kxg7 11. cxd4 Qa5+ 12. Qd2 Nc6 13. Be2 Rd8 14. Qxa5
Nxa5 {The endgame starts with complete equality.} 15. O-O $6 (15. Kd2 $1 Be6
16. Rhc1 {continues the development correctly.}) 15... Be6 16. e4 $6 Bg4 $1 {
The initiative goes to Black.} 17. Rfd1 e6 18. Kf1 Bxf3 19. Bxf3 Rac8 20. Rd2
e5 21. d5 Nc4 22. Re2 Nd6 $1 {
Black gets a positional advantage by the blockade.} 23. Rb1 Rc4 24. g3 Rdc8 25.
Bg2 Rc1+ 26. Rxc1 Rxc1+ 27. Re1 Rxe1+ 28. Kxe1 {
The confrontation between a strong knight and a weak bishop begins.} 28... f5
$1 {The white centre is weakened.} 29. f3 fxe4 30. fxe4 b5 31. Kd2 a5 32. Kd3
Kf6 33. Bf3 Ke7 34. h4 $2 {Euwe condemns the weakening of the kingside. Pawn
g3 will become a target later on.} 34... h6 35. Bd1 Kd8 36. a4 $2 {
This queenside is also weakened.} 36... bxa4 $6 ({If Black plays} 36... b4 {
(Euwe) White has an extra weakness. The black king gets an entrance too.}) 37.
Bxa4 Kc7 38. Bc2 Kb6 39. Kc3 Kb5 40. Kb3 Kc5 $6 (40... a4+ $1 41. Kc3 (41. Ka3
Nc4+) 41... Kc5 {
wins easily. Black keeps the a-pawn and will attack the white pawns.}) 41. Ka4
$1 Nc4 $1 {White stands at the edge of defeat. He misses his last chance.} 42.
Bb3 $6 ({The move} 42. Bb1 $1 {is preferred by Euwe. Still Black can win by}
42... g5 43. hxg5 hxg5 44. Bc2 Kb6 45. Bb1 Ne3 46. Bd3 Ng4 $1 {
A remarkable manoeuvre begins.} 47. Be2 (47. Kb3 Kc5 48. Ka4 Nf2 49. Bc2 Nh1 $1
) 47... Nf6 48. Bf3 g4 $1 {White loses a pawn.} 49. Be2 Nxe4 50. Bxg4 Nxg3 51.
d6 Ne4 52. d7 Nc5+ 53. Ka3 Kc7 {Black just wins.}) 42... Nd2 43. Bc2 Nf1 $1 {
Flohr achieves an elegant win.} 44. Kxa5 Nxg3 45. Ka4 Nh5 46. Kb3 Kd4 47. Kb4
Nf6 48. d6 g5 49. hxg5 hxg5 50. Kb5 g4 51. Bd1 g3 52. Bf3 Ke3 53. Bh1 Kf2 54.
Kc6 g2 55. Bxg2 Kxg2 56. d7 Nxd7 57. Kxd7 Kf3 {Black wins with his last pawn.}
0-1

[Event "Botvinnik"]
[Site "Leningrad 1938"]
[Date "1911.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Botvinnik, Mikhail"]
[Black "Chekhover, Vitaly"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "E21"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "81"]
[EventDate "1911.??.??"]

{Botvinnik (1911-1995) was the sixth world champion. His great ability in the
endgame helped him on many occasions.} 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 O-O
5. Bg5 d6 6. e3 Qe7 7. Be2 e5 8. Qc2 Re8 9. O-O Bxc3 10. bxc3 h6 11. Bh4 c5 12.
Rfe1 Bg4 13. Bxf6 Qxf6 14. Qe4 Bxf3 15. Bxf3 Nc6 16. dxc5 dxc5 17. Rad1 Rad8
18. Rd5 b6 19. Red1 Na5 20. h3 Rxd5 21. Rxd5 Qe7 22. Bg4 Qb7 23. Bf5 Qb8 24.
Rd7 Rd8 25. Qxe5 Nxc4 26. Qxb8 Rxb8 {White's pawns on the queenside are weak.}
27. Be4 $1 ({Botvinnik has calculated} 27. Rxa7 Nd6 28. Bd3 ({Better is} 28.
Bd7 $1) 28... c4 29. Rd7 cxd3 30. Rxd6 Ra8 31. Rxd3 Rxa2 $11) 27... Na3 {
Pawn a7 gets an indirect protection.} 28. Bd5 Rf8 29. e4 $1 a5 30. c4 $1 {
Bishop d5 dominates the position. The isolated pawn c4 gives an excellent
support.} 30... b5 31. cxb5 Nxb5 32. e5 a4 33. f4 Nd4 34. Kf2 g5 35. g3 gxf4
36. gxf4 Ne6 37. Ke3 c4 38. f5 {Botvinnik proceeds with his own plan.} 38...
Nc5 39. Rc7 Nd3 40. e6 fxe6 41. fxe6 {Weak pawns contribute to the dynamic
play. Weaknesses can become strengths if they cannot be attacked properly.} 1-0

[Event "Botvinnik"]
[Site "Amsterdam 1938"]
[Date "1911.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Botvinnik, Mikhail"]
[Black "Alekhine, Alexander"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D41"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "101"]
[EventDate "1911.??.??"]

1. Nf3 d5 2. d4 Nf6 3. c4 e6 4. Nc3 c5 5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. e3 Nc6 7. Bc4 cxd4 8.
exd4 Be7 9. O-O O-O 10. Re1 b6 11. Nxd5 exd5 12. Bb5 Bd7 13. Qa4 Nb8 14. Bf4
Bxb5 15. Qxb5 a6 16. Qa4 Bd6 17. Bxd6 Qxd6 18. Rac1 Ra7 19. Qc2 Re7 20. Rxe7
Qxe7 21. Qc7 Qxc7 22. Rxc7 {
The only difference between the sides consists of the rook activity.} 22... f6
$1 {The white knight may not move to the centre and a hole is made for the
black rook.} 23. Kf1 $1 ({Botvinnik avoids the counter-play of} 23. Rb7 $6 Rc8
$1 24. Kf1 b5) 23... Rf7 24. Rc8+ Rf8 25. Rc3 $1 g5 $5 {
Black opens the kingside.} ({The counteraction in the centre by} 25... Re8 $5
26. Rc7 $1 Kf8 27. Rb7 $1 b5 28. Rc7 $1 Re6 $5 29. Rc5 $1 Ke7 30. Rxd5 g6 {
costs a pawn.}) 26. Ne1 h5 $5 27. h4 $1 Nd7 $2 {Black develops the wrong piece.
} ({Correct is} 27... Kf7 $1 28. hxg5 fxg5 29. Nf3 g4 30. Ne5+ {
(known analysis)} 30... Ke6 31. Rc7 Rf4 $1 32. Re7+ $5 Kxe7 33. Ng6+ Kd6 34.
Nxf4 h4 35. Ng6 Nc6 $1 36. Nxh4 Nxd4 37. f4 g3 {brings equal chances.}) 28. Rc7
$1 {The rook returns at the right time.} 28... Rf7 29. Nf3 g4 30. Ne1 f5 31.
Nd3 f4 {Black has to plug the holes in his position.} 32. f3 gxf3 33. gxf3 a5
34. a4 {All weaknesses are fixed.} 34... Kf8 35. Rc6 Ke7 36. Kf2 Rf5 37. b3 Kd8
38. Ke2 Nb8 $6 39. Rg6 Kc7 40. Ne5 Na6 {The game is adjourned.} 41. Rg7+ Kc8
42. Ng6 Rf6 43. Ne7+ Kb8 44. Nxd5 Rd6 45. Rg5 Nb4 46. Nxb4 axb4 47. Rxh5 Rc6 $6
({Botvinnik analyses} 47... Rxd4 48. Rf5 Kb7 49. Rf6 Kc7 50. h5 $18) 48. Rb5
Kc7 49. Rxb4 Rh6 50. Rb5 Rxh4 51. Kd3 {The only strength at the beginning of
the endgame is an active rook in an almost symmetrical position. Restriction
increases. The internal logic impresses.} 1-0

[Event "Botvinnik"]
[Site "W Ch Moscow 1954"]
[Date "1911.??.??"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Smyslov, Vasily"]
[Black "Botvinnik, Mikhail"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C17"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "116"]
[EventDate "1911.??.??"]

1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e5 c5 5. a3 Ba5 6. b4 cxd4 7. Nb5 Bc7 8. f4 Ne7
9. Nf3 Nbc6 10. Bd3 Bb8 11. Nbxd4 a6 12. Be3 Ba7 13. O-O Nxd4 14. Bxd4 Bxd4+
15. Nxd4 Qb6 16. Kh1 Bd7 17. c3 Rc8 18. Qe1 h6 19. a4 a5 20. Nb3 Qc7 21. Nc5
Bc6 22. Qf2 O-O 23. Nb3 Bd7 24. Qc5 Qxc5 25. Nxc5 Rc7 26. Nxd7 Rxd7 27. bxa5
Ra8 28. a6 bxa6 29. c4 dxc4 30. Bxc4 {The attack of weaknesses are important
in Botvinnik's endgames. Targets are a4 and f4 in this case.} 30... Rd4 {
Weaknesses are under fire.} 31. Be2 Nd5 32. g3 Nc3 33. Bf3 Rb8 34. Ra3 $5 ({
The natural move is} 34. a5) 34... Nb1 $1 {White does not accept the sacrifice.
} (34... Nxa4 35. Rfa1 {leads to black passivity on the queenside.}) 35. Ra2
Nd2 36. Rf2 Nc4 37. h4 {A useful move is made under time pressure.} 37... g5 $1
38. hxg5 hxg5 {The weakness f4 is under fire.} 39. fxg5 $6 {
Accurate calculations are hard when the time lacks.} ({Better is} 39. Be2 $1
gxf4 ({or} 39... a5 40. Bxc4 Rxc4 41. fxg5 Rg4 42. Rac2 $1 Rxg3 43. Rc5) 40.
Rxf4 $1 Rxf4 41. gxf4 Rb4 42. a5 $1) 39... Nxe5 40. Be2 Rb1+ $6 {
A tempo is losr.} 41. Kg2 a5 {Fixes a weakness.} 42. Rc2 $1 {
Otherwise Black stages an attack on the kingside.} 42... Rb3 $2 {
Only capture keeps an advantage.} 43. Rf4 $6 (43. Rc5 $1 {forces a draw.})
43... Rd5 $1 {Black is able to continue the attack.} 44. Re4 Kg7 45. Bh5 Ng6 {
Pawn g5 has become a new weakness.} 46. Rg4 Re3 $1 {
The knight threatens to return to e5.} 47. Bxg6 Kxg6 48. Rf2 Rf5 $5 (48... Rxg5
49. Rxg5+ Kxg5 50. Rxf7 Re4 {wins a pawn but draws (Botvinnik).}) 49. Rxf5 exf5
$1 ({Or} 49... Kxf5 50. Rf4+) 50. Rc4 $2 ({A complicated escape starts with} 
50. Rh4 $1 Kxg5 (50... Re4 51. Kf3 $1) 51. Kf2 $1 Re4 52. Kf3 $3 Rg4 53. Rh7 $1
Rxa4 54. Rxf7 Ra3+ 55. Kf2 a4 56. Ra7 Kf6 57. Ra5) 50... Re4 $1 {
Black utilizes the unprotected position of the other rook.} 51. Rc7 Rxa4 52.
Ra7 Ra3 53. Kh3 $6 ({Better is} 53. Kf2 $1 a4 54. Kg2 {(Botvinnik)} 54... Ra1
$1 {The mobility of the white pieces will be limited.} 55. Kf3 a3 56. Kf2 a2
57. Kg2 Kxg5 58. Ra5 {
White can move his rook on the a-file and the king on h2 and g2.} 58... Kf6 $1
{Black wants to win the g-pawn and keep pawn f7.} 59. Kh2 Ke6 60. Kg2 Kd6 61.
Kh2 Kc6 62. Kg2 Kb6 {The king will cross the fifth rank.} 63. Ra8 f4 $1 {
Black creates a weak pawn and a hiding place for the king.} 64. gxf4 f5 $1 {
He fixes a weakness.} 65. Ra3 Kb5 66. Ra7 Kc4 67. Ra8 Kd4 68. Ra7 Ke4 69. Ra4+
Ke3 70. Kh2 Kf3 {The weakness is lost. When I had found this line, I
discovered a nearly identical variation by Euwe. I showed my efforts to
Spassky and he spoke: "A famous position!"} 71. Ra8 Kxf4 72. Kg2 Ke4 73. Ra4+ {
White keeps on struggling.} 73... Kd5 74. Ra5+ Kc6 75. Ra6+ Kb5 76. Ra8 f4 77.
Ra3 f3+ $1 78. Kf2 Rh1 $1 {Victory has been achieved after twenty-five moves.
An accurate calculation is possible by the limited mobility of the pieces.})
53... f4 54. Kh4 ({Or} 54. Kg4 Rxg3+ 55. Kxf4 Rxg5 56. Ra6+ f6) 54... fxg3 55.
Ra6+ {Black still has to find one good move.} 55... Kf5 $1 (55... Kg7 $2 56.
Kh3 $1 $11) 56. Rf6+ Ke4 57. Kh3 Rf3 58. Ra6 Rf5 {
The endgame makes a deep impression despite the errors.} (58... Rf5 59. Kxg3
Rxg5+ {Black has two extra pawns.}) 0-1

[Event "Botvinnik"]
[Site "Groningen 1946"]
[Date "1911.??.??"]
[Round "4"]
[White "Botvinnik, Mikhail"]
[Black "Euwe, Max"]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[ECO "D27"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "101"]
[EventDate "1911.??.??"]

{Steinitz accumulated advantages. Botvinnik collected priviliges. Analyses of
adjourned games was not done in the old days. Botvinnik used the privilige of
extra time to the utmost.} 1. d4 d5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. c4 dxc4 4. e3 e6 5. Bxc4 c5
6. O-O a6 7. a4 Nc6 8. Qe2 Be7 9. Rd1 Qc7 10. Nc3 O-O 11. b3 Bd7 12. Bb2 Rac8
13. d5 exd5 14. Nxd5 Nxd5 15. Bxd5 Bg4 16. Qc4 Bh5 17. Bxc6 Qxc6 18. Ne5 Qe8
19. Rd5 Rd8 20. Nd7 Rxd7 21. Rxh5 Qd8 22. Rf1 g6 23. Rh3 Rd1 24. g4 Rxf1+ 25.
Kxf1 b5 26. axb5 axb5 27. Qf4 f6 28. e4 Qd1+ 29. Kg2 Bd6 30. Qf3 Qxf3+ 31. Rxf3
Be5 32. Bxe5 fxe5 {Black has the majority on the queenside.} 33. Rc3 Rc8 34.
Kf3 Kf7 35. Ke3 Ke6 (35... g5 {would prevent the next move but also block an
entrance of the black king to the kingside.}) 36. f4 exf4+ 37. Kxf4 c4 38. bxc4
bxc4 {Euwe wants to advance with the passed pawn and penetrate on the kingside.
} 39. h4 $1 h6 $6 ({Better chances are offered by} 39... Rc5 $1 {(Flohr)} 40.
e5 $1 h6 $1 {applies active consolidation} ({Euwe analyses} 40... Rc8 41. h5 $1
Kd5 42. hxg6 hxg6 43. Kg5 Rc6 44. Re3 Re6 45. Kf4 Kd4 46. Re1 c3 47. Rd1+ Kc4
48. Ke4 c2 49. Rc1 Kc3 50. Kd5 Re8 51. e6 Kb2 52. Rh1 c1=Q 53. Rxc1 Kxc1 54.
Ke5 Kd2 55. Kf6 Ke3 56. Kxg6 $1 Rxe6+ 57. Kf5 $1 $11) (40... Kd5 $5 41. h5 $1
Rc6 42. hxg6 hxg6 43. Re3 Ke6 44. Rc3 Rc8 45. Kg5 $11) 41. Ke4 $1 Rc7 $1 (41...
Rxe5+ 42. Kd4 $11) 42. g5 $1 hxg5 (42... h5 43. Kd4 Kf5 44. Rxc4 {
leads to Botvinnik's escape}) 43. hxg5 Rh7 $1 44. Rf3 $1 Rh4+ 45. Ke3 Kxe5 46.
Rf6 Rh3+ 47. Ke2 {Black has won a pawn but not the game.}) 40. g5 h5 41. Ke3
Ke5 {A famous adjourned position has arisen. Many thought: "The distant passed
pawn will decide", but Botvinnik finds an ingenious mechanism during the break.
} 42. Rc2 $1 c3 43. Kd3 Rd8+ ({The 'logical' move} 43... Rc7 {is answered by}
44. Rxc3 $1 Rxc3+ 45. Kxc3 Kxe4 46. Kc4 Kf5 47. Kd5 Kg4 48. Ke6 Kxh4 49. Kf6)
44. Ke3 Rd4 45. Rxc3 Rxe4+ 46. Kf3 Rxh4 47. Rc6 Rf4+ (47... Kf5 48. Rc5+ $11)
48. Ke3 Re4+ 49. Kf3 Kf5 50. Rf6+ Kxg5 51. Rxg6+ $1 {
Botvinnik has made a brilliant escape.} 1/2-1/2

[Event "Botvinnik"]
[Site "Groningen 1946"]
[Date "1911.??.??"]
[Round "5"]
[White "Tartakower, Savielly"]
[Black "Botvinnik, Mikhail"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C01"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "108"]
[EventDate "1911.??.??"]

1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. exd5 exd5 4. Nf3 Bd6 5. c4 Nf6 6. c5 Be7 7. Bd3 b6 8. cxb6
axb6 9. O-O O-O 10. Nc3 Bg4 11. h3 Bh5 12. g4 Bg6 13. Ne5 Bxd3 14. Qxd3 c6 15.
Bg5 Nxg4 16. Nxc6 Nxc6 17. Bxe7 Nxe7 18. hxg4 f5 19. Rae1 fxg4 20. Re5 Rf3 21.
Qb5 Ng6 22. Rxd5 Qf6 23. Rg5 Rf8 24. Ne4 Qf4 25. Qd5+ Kh8 26. Rh5 Rh3 27. Rxh3
gxh3 28. Ng3 Nh4 29. Qe4 Nf3+ 30. Kh1 Qxe4 31. Nxe4 {The imprisonment of the
king and weakness of the centre are unfavourable for White.} 31... Rf4 32. Rc1
h6 33. Rc3 $5 {White makes an aggressive move in mutual time pressure.} 33...
g5 $2 {Botvinnik buys it.} (33... Nxd4 34. Re3 Nf3 {wins a passed pawn.}) 34.
d5 {The moves of the tournament book are presented. Botvinnik gives other
moves until the time control. Probably some of his critical remarks are
irrelevant.} 34... g4 35. Re3 Rf5 36. Nc3 Rf6 37. Re6 Kg7 38. Rxf6 Kxf6 39. d6
$2 ({Euwe and Kmoch prefer} 39. Ne4+ Ke5 40. d6) 39... Ke6 40. Nd5 Kxd6 41.
Nxb6 {The game is adjourned at 19 hours. Botvinnik's wife and daughter sit
before the hotel room. If someone threatens to disturb, a soft voice says: "My
husband is studying".} 41... h5 $1 {The position is divided in two camps. At
the right side the imprisoned king is threatened by black pieces and can be
mated in a few moves. At the other flank the black king battles with three
chessmen.} 42. Nc4+ $6 {Tartakower might have used the interlude for a meal.
He misses the best move after the resumption on 20.30 hours.} ({
Strong resistance is offered by} 42. a4 $1 Ne5 $3 (42... h4 {
does not lead to mate}) ({Bronstein's suggestion} 42... Nd2 {
might be refuted by} 43. b3 $1 Nxb3 44. Nc4+ Kd5 45. a5 $1) 43. b3 $1 Kc5 {
The white knight cannot go to d7 or c4.} 44. a5 h4 45. Nc4 Nd3 $1 {
White's defence crumbles.}) 42... Kd5 43. Ne3+ Ke4 {The king assists.} 44. a4 (
{Or} 44. b4 {(Botvinnik)} 44... Nd4 $1) 44... Kd3 45. Nd5 (45. a5 Ke2 46. a6
Kxf2 47. Nf5 h4 {Black mates.}) 45... Ke2 46. Nf4+ Kxf2 47. Nxh3+ ({Or} 47.
Nxh5 g3 48. Nxg3 Kxg3 49. a5 h2 50. a6 Nd2 51. a7 Ne4 52. a8=Q Nf2#) 47... Kf1
$1 48. Nf4 g3 49. Ng2 Kf2 50. a5 h4 51. Nf4 Kf1 52. Ng2 h3 53. Ne3+ Kf2 54.
Ng4+ Ke2 {A wonderful knight ending!} 0-1

[Event "Botvinnik"]
[Site "Varna 1962"]
[Date "1911.??.??"]
[Round "6"]
[White "Botvinnik, Mikhail"]
[Black "Fischer, Bobby"]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[ECO "D98"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "135"]
[EventDate "1911.??.??"]

1. c4 g6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. Qb3 dxc4 6. Qxc4 O-O 7. e4 Bg4 8.
Be3 Nfd7 9. Be2 Nc6 10. Rd1 Nb6 11. Qc5 Qd6 12. h3 Bxf3 13. gxf3 Rfd8 14. d5
Ne5 15. Nb5 Qf6 16. f4 Ned7 17. e5 Qxf4 18. Bxf4 Nxc5 19. Nxc7 Rac8 20. d6 exd6
21. exd6 Bxb2 22. O-O Nbd7 23. Rd5 b6 24. Bf3 Ne6 25. Nxe6 fxe6 26. Rd3 Nc5 27.
Re3 e5 28. Bxe5 Bxe5 29. Rxe5 Rxd6 30. Re7 Rd7 31. Rxd7 Nxd7 {The world champio
n has made an error in the preparation of the opening. Bobby grabbed a pawn.}
32. Bg4 Rc7 33. Re1 Kf7 34. Kg2 Nc5 35. Re3 Re7 36. Rf3+ ({
Botvinnik has noticed the trick} 36. Kf3 $2 h5 $1 37. Rxe7+ (37. Bc8 Rc7) 37...
Kxe7 38. Bc8 Kd8 $19) 36... Kg7 37. Rc3 Re4 38. Bd1 Rd4 39. Bc2 Kf6 40. Kf3 Kg5
({Botvinnik prefers} 40... Ke5 $1) 41. Kg3 Ne4+ $2 {
Bobby proceeds in youthful enthusiasm and spoils a well played game.} ({
Correct is} 41... Rb4 42. a3 Rd4 43. f3 a5 {(Fischer).}) 42. Bxe4 Rxe4 {
The experienced Mikhail regards continuation as the best chance} 43. Ra3 $2 {
and blunders.} ({Right is} 43. Rc7 $1 {(Botvinnik).}) 43... Re7 $6 ({
Far better is} 43... a5 $1 44. Rb3 Rb4 $1 45. Rxb4 axb4 {
and Black wins the pawn ending.}) 44. Rf3 Rc7 45. a4 $1 {
Bobby adjourns the game at last} 45... Rc5 $2 {and misses the win with his
sealed move. The Russian team has analysed all night. Botvinnik states the
result at breakfast: draw!} ({Not} 45... Rc4 $2 46. a5 $1 bxa5 47. Rf7) ({
The team has missed} 45... h5 $1 {with the application of active consolidation.
} 46. h4+ Kh6 47. Rf4 (47. a5 b5 $1) 47... Rc5 $1 48. Rd4 Ra5 49. f4 Kg7 50.
Kf3 Kf6 51. Ke4 Ke6 52. Rc4 Rc5 53. Rb4 {Black has to lose a tempo.} 53... Ke7
$1 54. Kd4 Kd6 55. Ke4 Ke6 {zugzwang} 56. Rd4 a5 $1 57. Ke3 Rc3+ 58. Ke4 Rb3
59. Rc4 Rb4 {and Black wins the pawn ending.}) 46. Rf7 $1 {Geller's suggestion.
} 46... Ra5 47. Rxh7 Rxa4 48. h4+ $1 Kf5 ({Or} 48... Kf6 49. Rb7 $1) 49. Rf7+
Ke5 50. Rg7 Ra1 51. Kf3 b5 $2 ({The crucial variation is} 51... Kd4 $1 52. Rxg6
b5 53. h5 b4 54. h6 b3 $1 (54... Rh1 55. Kg2 Rh5 56. Ra6 b3 57. Rxa7 Rxh6 58.
Rb7) 55. Rg4+ Kc5 56. Rg5+ Kc6 57. Rg6+ Kb7 58. Rg7+ Ka6 59. Rg6+ Ka5 60. Rg5+
Ka4 61. Rg4+ Ka3 62. Rh4 $1 b2 63. h7 b1=Q 64. h8=Q Qb3+ 65. Ke2 Qd1+ 66. Ke3
Rb1 {(Fischer)} 67. Qf8+ (67. Rc4 $1 Rb3+ 68. Rc3 Qe1+ 69. Kd3 {
(young Kasparov)}) 67... Ka2 68. Qc5 $1 $11 {(Kremenetzki).}) 52. h5 Ra3+ 53.
Kg2 gxh5 54. Rg5+ Kd6 55. Rxb5 h4 56. f4 Kc6 57. Rb8 h3+ 58. Kh2 a5 59. f5 Kc7
60. Rb5 Kd6 61. f6 Ke6 62. Rb6+ Kf7 63. Ra6 Kg6 64. Rc6 Rd3 65. Ra6 Kf7 66. Rc6
a4 67. Ra6 a3 68. Kg1 {
Fischer accepts the draw at last. He leaves the hall looking pale.} 1/2-1/2

[Event "Botvinnik"]
[Site "4th pr. Shakhmaty v SSSR 1939"]
[Date "1911.??.??"]
[Round "7"]
[White "Botvinnik, Mikhail"]
[Black "?"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "8/1k6/p7/p2p2K1/P2P4/8/8/8 w - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "17"]
[EventDate "1911.??.??"]

{Subtle manoeuvring is needed in this pawn ending.} 1. Kf5 $1 Kb6 (1... Kc6 2.
Ke6 {or}) (1... Kc7 2. Ke5 {and White gets the opposition at a short distance.}
) 2. Kf6 $1 {White gains the opposition at a long distance.} 2... Kb7 3. Kf7 $1
Kb8 $1 (3... Kb6 4. Ke8 Kc6 5. Kd8 Kd6 6. Kc8) 4. Ke6 Kc7 ({
The alternative is a decisive movement along the sixth rank:} 4... Kc8 5. Kd6
$1 Kd8 6. Kc6 $1 Kc8 7. Kb6 Kb8 8. Kxa6) 5. Ke7 $1 ({Avoids} 5. Kxd5 $4 Kd7 $11
) 5... Kc6 6. Kd8 Kd6 7. Kc8 Kc6 8. Kb8 Kb6 9. Ka8 {Finally pawn a6 blocks the
black king. The penetration along the eighth rank has become successful.} 1-0

[Event "Reshevsky"]
[Site "New York 1922"]
[Date "1911.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Janowski, David"]
[Black "Reshevsky, Samuel"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "D51"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "130"]
[EventDate "1911.??.??"]

{Reshevsky (1911-1992) played many endgames to the last pawn. Sammy started as
a prodigal child.} 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 d5 3. c4 e6 4. Nc3 Nbd7 5. Bg5 Be7 6. e3 c6
7. Bd3 a6 8. O-O dxc4 9. Bxc4 Nb6 10. Bd3 Nfd5 11. Bxe7 Qxe7 12. Qd2 {
Janowski says to Eduard Lasker: "That boy is just as good in chess as I am in
rope-skipping."} 12... Nxc3 13. bxc3 c5 14. Rab1 Nd7 15. a4 O-O 16. Qc2 h6 17.
Rfe1 b6 18. Rb2 Rb8 19. Reb1 Qd6 20. Qe2 a5 21. Bb5 Rd8 22. h3 Qc7 23. e4 Nf8
24. Qe3 Bd7 25. Ne5 Be8 26. Bxe8 Rxe8 27. f4 f6 28. Nf3 Nd7 29. e5 f5 30. g4 g6
31. gxf5 gxf5 32. d5 Nf8 33. Rg2+ Kh7 34. c4 Qf7 35. Kh2 Ng6 36. Rbg1 Rg8 37.
d6 Qb7 38. h4 Qc6 39. h5 Nh8 40. Ng5+ hxg5 41. fxg5 Ng6 42. Rg3 Kg7 43. Rh3 Rh8
44. hxg6 {
The boy has defended well, survived the storm and started a counteraction.}
44... Rxh3+ 45. Kxh3 $2 {"After Janowski has sealed this move, he tells Lasker:
"This boy is a genius. I feel that I will lose the game".} ({
Indeed, David misses the escape} 45. Qxh3 $1 Rh8 46. Qh6+ $1 Kg8 $1 47. g7 Rh7
48. Kg3 Rxh6 49. gxh6 Qe4 50. d7 {Black has to deliver perpetual check.}) 45...
Rh8+ 46. Kg3 Qxa4 47. Qf3 f4+ $5 ({The simple} 47... Qxc4 48. Qb7+ Kxg6 {
is fine too.}) 48. Kg4 {White postpones the capture.} 48... Qc2 49. Qxf4 Qe2+
50. Kg3 Qd3+ 51. Kg2 Qe2+ 52. Kg3 Qh2+ $2 ({Black has the elegant win} 52...
Rf8 $1 53. Qf6+ Rxf6 54. gxf6+ Kf8 $1 55. g7+ Kg8 {White can do little.} 56.
Kh3 Qh5+ 57. Kg2 Qxe5 58. Rf1 Qxd6 59. f7+ Kxg7 {
will lead to a won pawn ending.}) 53. Kf3 Rf8 (53... Rh3+ 54. Rg3 Qh1+ 55. Ke3
{Black makes no progress.}) 54. Qf6+ $1 Kg8 $1 (54... Rxf6+ 55. gxf6+ Kg8 56.
d7 Qd2 57. g7 $1 {draws.}) 55. d7 Rxf6+ 56. gxf6 $2 {
White misses an unexpected draw.} ({Reshevsky analyses} 56. exf6 $1 Qd2 57. f7+
Kg7 58. Rh1 $1 Qd3+ {and perpetual check} ({Not} 58... Qxd7 $4 59. Rh7+ Kxg6
60. f8=N+)) 56... Qd2 57. Rh1 Qd3+ 58. Kg2 (58. Kf2 Qf5+ 59. Ke2 Qxe5+ {
and f6 falls.}) 58... Qxg6+ $1 {It is check because pawn g5 has gone.} 59. Kf2
Qf5+ 60. Kg2 Qg5+ 61. Kh2 Qd2+ 62. Kh3 Qd3+ 63. Kh4 Qxd7 64. Rg1+ Kf8 65. Kg5
Qd4 {The little man has won. He could not sit still in the taxi. Afters he had
told the news to his parents in the hotel, he sang deafening.} 0-1

[Event "Reshevsky"]
[Site "Nottingham 1936"]
[Date "1911.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Conel O'D Alexander, Hugh"]
[Black "Reshevsky, Samuel"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "A25"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "136"]
[EventDate "1911.??.??"]

1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. g3 g6 4. Bg2 Bg7 5. e3 Nge7 6. Nge2 O-O 7. O-O d6 8. Nd5
Nxd5 9. cxd5 Ne7 10. d4 Nf5 11. dxe5 dxe5 12. e4 Nd6 13. Be3 f5 14. exf5 Bxf5
15. Qb3 b6 16. Rac1 Qd7 17. f3 h5 18. Rfd1 Rf7 19. Nc3 Raf8 20. Ne4 Nxe4 21.
fxe4 Bh3 22. Rf1 Bxg2 23. Kxg2 Qg4 24. Qd3 Rxf1 25. Rxf1 Rxf1 26. Kxf1 Qf3+ 27.
Ke1 Bh6 28. d6 cxd6 29. Qd5+ Kh7 30. Bxh6 Qh1+ 31. Ke2 Qxh2+ 32. Kf3 Qh1+ 33.
Ke3 Qc1+ 34. Kf3 Qxh6 35. Qxd6 {Reshevsky has an extra pawn. He distinguishes
four phases in the queen ending: 1. Black plays ..h4 and creates a passed
g-pawn; 2. He protects his pawns on the queenside; 3. He combines the
consolidation with a threat of pawn e4; 4. After White has become inactive, he
acts.} 35... Qg5 $1 36. Qe6 ({The point is} 36. Qc7+ Kh6 37. Qxa7 Qg4+ 38. Kf2
h4 $1 39. gxh4 Qxh4+ 40. Ke3 Qf4+ 41. Kd3 Qf3+ 42. Kd2 Qf2+ 43. Kc3 Qd4+ 44.
Kb3 Qd3+ {Black}) 36... Kh6 37. Qc8 $2 ({White misses the wonderful escape} 37.
Qd6 $3 Qg4+ 38. Kf2 Qxe4 39. Qf8+ Kg5 40. Qd8+ $1 Kg4 41. Qd1+ Kh3 42. Qf1+ Kh2
43. Qg1+ {and perpetual check.}) 37... Qf6+ 38. Kg2 h4 39. gxh4 Kh5 40. Qd7 a5
41. Qd1+ Kxh4 42. Qe1+ Kh5 43. Qd1+ Kh6 44. Qh1+ Kg5 45. Qd1 Kh6 46. Qh1+ Kg7
47. Qc1 Qd8 {
Black has finished two phases. Threatening pawn e4 becomes the next step.} 48.
Qc2 Qg5+ 49. Kh3 Qe3+ 50. Kh4 Qf4+ 51. Kh3 Qf3+ 52. Kh2 ({Simple is} 52. Kh4
Kh6 53. Qd2+ Qf4+ $19) 52... Kh6 {The fourth and last phase begins.} 53. Qc6
Qf2+ 54. Kh3 Kh5 55. Qb7 Qe3+ 56. Kg2 Qd2+ 57. Kg3 Qd3+ 58. Kf2 Qd6 59. Kg3 Kg5
60. Kf3 Qd8 61. Kg3 Qf6 62. Qd5 Qf4+ 63. Kg2 Kh4 {
Black can make a slow progress by the combined force of queen and king.} 64.
Qc6 ({Or} 64. Qd3 Qg4+ 65. Kf2 g5) 64... Qg3+ 65. Kf1 Qf3+ 66. Ke1 Qe3+ 67. Kf1
g5 68. Kg2 Qd2+ {These two examples have shown Reshevsky's strong will to win.}
(68... Qd2+ 69. Kf1 (69. Kf3 g4#) 69... Kg3) 0-1

[Event "Reshevsky"]
[Site "New York 1957"]
[Date "1911.??.??"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Byrne, Donald"]
[Black "Reshevsky, Samuel"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "A04"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "176"]
[EventDate "1911.??.??"]

1. Nf3 Nf6 2. g3 b6 3. Bg2 Bb7 4. O-O c5 5. d3 g6 6. e4 d6 7. Nh4 Nc6 8. f4 e6
9. Nc3 Nd7 10. Nf3 a6 11. d4 Bg7 12. dxc5 Nxc5 13. Be3 Bxc3 14. bxc3 Nxe4 15.
Nd4 Ne7 16. Nxe6 fxe6 17. Bxe4 Bxe4 18. Qd4 Kf7 19. Qxe4 Qc7 20. Bd4 Rhe8 21.
g4 Qc4 22. f5 gxf5 23. gxf5 Rg8+ 24. Kh1 e5 25. f6 Ng6 26. Qb7+ Ke6 27. Bxe5
Rab8 28. f7 Rgf8 29. Rf6+ Kxe5 30. Qf3 Nf4 31. Rxf4 Qxf4 32. Re1+ Kf5 33. Qd3+
Kf6 34. Rf1 Qxf1+ {Two rooks are stronger than a queen in the endgame.} 35.
Qxf1+ Kg7 36. Qg2+ $6 {White starts to mess around.} ({No risk takes} 36. Qxa6
Rxf7 {All pawns have become weaknesses.}) 36... Kxf7 37. Qd5+ Ke7 38. Qe4+ Kd7
39. Qxh7+ Kc6 40. Qe4+ Kc7 41. Qc4+ $2 (41. Qe7+ Kc6 42. Qe4+ {
leads to perpetual check.}) 41... Kb7 42. Qd5+ Kc7 ({The pawn sacrifice} 42...
Ka7 {wins (Reshevsky).}) 43. Qc4+ Kb7 44. Qe4+ {
Black refuses the offer of a draw.} 44... d5 $1 (44... Ka7 45. Qe7+ Ka8 46. Qe2
b5 {Black's king has insufficient protection (Reshevsky).}) 45. Qxd5+ $2 (45.
Qe7+ $1 Ka8 46. Qe2 b5 {repeats the previously mentioned problem.}) 45... Ka7 {
Two pawns protect the black king. Sammy will win in three phases: conquer the
c-pawns, get the h-pawn and hunt the king.} 46. c4 Rfc8 $1 {
The first phase begins elegantly.} 47. Qd7+ Ka8 48. Kg1 Rc5 49. Kf1 Rbc8 50. h4
Rxc4 51. h5 Rxc2 {The first aim has been achieved.} 52. h6 R8c7 53. Qa4 Ka7 54.
Qf4 R2c6 55. Ke2 Re7+ 56. Kd3 Rd7+ 57. Ke3 Re6+ 58. Kf3 Rh7 59. Qf8 Rexh6 {
The capture of the h-pawn has concluded the second phase.} 60. Ke4 Rh2 61. Qg8
Rd7 62. Ke3 a5 63. Qe6 Rhh7 64. Qg8 Rhe7+ 65. Kf3 Rd3+ 66. Kf4 Rd1 67. Qc4 Rf1+
$1 68. Kg5 Rg7+ 69. Kh6 Rfg1 70. Qd4 R1g4 71. Qd8 R4g6+ 72. Kh5 Rg2 73. Kh6 {
The king has been chased to the side during the third phase. A quick mate does
not succeed at the right flank.} 73... Rb7 $1 {Threatens the a-pawn.} 74. Qd5
Rc2 $1 {The king will be restricted on the fifth rank.} 75. Qb3 Rc5 76. Qe3 Rd7
77. Qe6 Rdc7 78. Qe4 R7c6+ 79. Kg7 Kb7 80. Kf7 Rh5 81. Kg7 Rhh6 82. Kf8 Rh8+
83. Ke7 Rh7+ $1 {The king has to return to the eighth rank.} 84. Kd8 Rhc7 85.
Qd5 Ka7 {A rook may move to c5 after the pin has been lifted.} 86. Qe5 Rb7 87.
Qg5 Rcc7 88. Qe5 Rh7 (88... Rh7 89. Kc8 Rh8+ $1 {shows elegance and fun.}) 0-1

[Event "Reshevsky"]
[Site "New York 1961"]
[Date "1911.??.??"]
[Round "4"]
[White "Reshevsky, Samuel"]
[Black "Fischer, Bobby"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "E97"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "119"]
[EventDate "1911.??.??"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 Bg7 4. e4 d6 5. Be2 O-O 6. Nf3 e5 7. O-O Nc6 8. Be3
Ng4 9. Bg5 Bf6 10. Bxf6 Nxf6 11. d5 Ne7 12. Ne1 Nd7 13. Nd3 f5 14. exf5 gxf5
15. f4 Ng6 16. Qd2 Re8 17. fxe5 Ndxe5 18. Nxe5 Rxe5 19. Nb5 Bd7 20. Bd3 Bxb5
21. cxb5 Qd7 22. Qf2 f4 23. Bxg6 hxg6 24. Qxf4 Rae8 25. Rad1 Qg7 26. h3 Re2 27.
Rd2 R2e4 28. Qf2 b6 29. a3 R8e5 30. Qf6 Qxf6 31. Rxf6 {The win is problematic
for White, despite the extra pawn, due to the weaknesses on the queenside.}
31... Kg7 32. Rff2 Kh6 33. Kh2 $6 ({Better is} 33. Rf7 Rc4 34. Kf2) 33... Rc4
34. Rc2 Rxc2 35. Rxc2 Rxd5 36. a4 $1 {Black has to make a difficult choice.}
36... Rd4 ({Weak seems to be} 36... Rc5 37. Rxc5 bxc5 38. Kg3 Kg5 39. h4+ {
Evans stops the analysis. We continue with} 39... Kh6 $1 40. Kh3 g5 41. Kg4
gxh4 42. Kxh4 Kg6 43. Kg4 Kf6 44. Kf4 Ke6 45. b3 d5 46. a5 Kf6 47. g3 Ke6 48.
g4 Kf6 49. g5+ Kg6 50. Ke5 d4 51. Kf4 Kh5 52. Kf5 d3 {seems to draw.}) 37. b3
Rd3 38. Rxc7 Rxb3 39. Rxa7 d5 40. Rd7 Rd3 41. Rd6 Rd4 42. Rxb6 Rxa4 43. Kg3 Rb4
{Again White has an extra pawn in the adjourned position. But it will be drawn
after the exchange of the passed pawms.} 44. Rb8 d4 45. Kf3 Rb3+ 46. Ke4 d3 47.
Ke3 g5 48. Rb6+ {
The advance of the b-pawn has no sense. White tries something different.} 48...
Kg7 $1 49. Kd2 Kf7 50. g3 Rb2+ $2 ({Correct is} 50... Kg7 $1 {White can play
Rb8, b6-b7, h4 gxh4, gxh4, h5-h6+, Ke3 while the black king is on g7 or h7.
Black has to give up the d-pawn, but the remaining rook ending is a
theoretical draw.}) 51. Kxd3 Rb3+ 52. Kc4 Rxg3 53. Rh6 Kg7 54. Rc6 Rxh3 55. b6
Rh1 56. Kb5 {
The g-pawn has little value, because the black king cannot give support.} 56...
Rb1+ 57. Ka6 Ra1+ 58. Kb7 g4 59. Kc8 Ra6 60. Kc7 (60. Kc7 g3 61. Rc3 $1 {
and the g-pawn is lost.}) 1-0

[Event "Reshevsky"]
[Site "Sousse 1967"]
[Date "1911.??.??"]
[Round "5"]
[White "Reshevsky, Samuel"]
[Black "Geller, Efim"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "E94"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "145"]
[EventDate "1911.??.??"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 Bg7 4. e4 d6 5. Be2 O-O 6. Nf3 e5 7. Be3 c6 8. Qd2
Nbd7 9. O-O Qe7 10. Bg5 exd4 11. Nxd4 Re8 12. f3 Nb6 13. Rad1 d5 14. cxd5 cxd5
15. exd5 Bd7 16. Kh1 Qf8 17. Ndb5 Bxb5 18. Bxb5 Red8 19. d6 a6 20. Be2 Nc8 21.
Bf4 b5 22. Ne4 Nb6 23. Rc1 Rab8 24. Rc6 Qe8 25. Nxf6+ Bxf6 26. Rfc1 Nc4 27.
Bxc4 bxc4 28. R6xc4 Rxb2 29. R4c2 Rxc2 30. Qxc2 h5 31. Qc6 Qe6 32. Qxa6 g5 33.
Bg3 h4 34. Re1 Qd5 35. d7 Bc3 36. Qc8 Qxd7 37. Qxc3 hxg3 38. hxg3 Qd6 39. g4
Qh6+ 40. Kg1 Ra8 41. Qd4 Qc6 42. Re5 f6 43. Re7 Re8 44. Rxe8+ Qxe8 {White has t
wo extra pawns, but the win will be hard to achieve, because the white king
lacks a sufficient protection.} 45. Kf2 {
If White captures, Black will deliver perpetual check.} 45... Qc6 46. f4 $6 ({
Later Reshevsky will find} 46. a4 Qc2+ 47. Kg3 Qc7+ 48. f4 gxf4+ 49. Qxf4 Qc3+
50. Kh2 {a safer road to victory.}) 46... gxf4 47. a4 Qc1 48. a5 Qa3 49. Qxf4
Qxa5 50. Qxf6 {The endgame with the doubled pawn is very hard to win.} 50...
Qd2+ 51. Kg3 Qe1+ 52. Kh2 Kh7 53. g3 {The first step is made.} 53... Kg8 54.
Qd8+ Kh7 55. Qd7+ Kg8 56. Qd5+ Kg7 57. Kh3 Qe2 58. Qd7+ Kg6 59. Qd6+ {
The game is adjourned for the second time.} 59... Kg7 ({Reshevsky analyses} 
59... Kg5 60. Qd8+ Kg6 61. Qg8+ Kf6 62. g5+ Kf5 $2 ({correct is} 62... Ke7 $1)
63. Qf7+ Kxg5 64. Qf4+ Kh5 65. Qh4+ Kg6 66. Qg4+ Qxg4+ 67. Kxg4 {and wins.})
60. Kh4 Qe4 61. Qd7+ Kh6 62. Qd2+ Kh7 63. Qc1 $1 {The Soviets regard the
position as drawn. Reshevsky thinks that he will win, if a pawn reaches g5.}
63... Qd5 $6 ({White makes little progress in} 63... Kg7 64. Qg5+ Kh8 $1 65.
Qf5 Qh1+ 66. Kg5 Qb7 67. Kf4 Qb4+ 68. Qe4 Qf8+ 69. Qf5 Qb4+) 64. g5 {
The second step with a pawn has been carried out.} 64... Qe4+ 65. Qf4 Qh1+ 66.
Kg4 Qd1+ 67. Qf3 Qa4+ 68. Kh5 Qe8+ 69. Kh4 Kg8 $2 ({
Difficulties on the road to victory are shown in the next variation:} 69... Qe1
70. Qf7+ Kh8 71. Qf6+ Kg8 72. Qd4 Qe6 73. Qf4 Kh7) 70. g6 $1 {
A pawn has made the third and decisive step. White threatens 71.Qg6+.} 70...
Qe7+ ({The tactical justification gives} 70... Qxg6 71. Qg4 Kh8 $1 72. Qh5+ $1)
71. Kg4 Qe6+ 72. Qf5 Qe2+ 73. Kh3 {
Reshevsky was a great fighter in the endgame!} (73. Kh3 Kg7 74. Qf7+ Kh6 75. g7
Qe5 76. g8=N+ $1 {demonstrates entertainment.}) 1-0

[Event "Fine"]
[Site "New York 1936"]
[Date "1914.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Kashdan, Isaac"]
[Black "Fine, Rueben"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "E23"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "146"]
[EventDate "1914.??.??"]

{Fine (1914-1993) was an accurate positional player.} 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3
Bb4 4. Qb3 c5 5. dxc5 Nc6 6. Nf3 Bxc5 7. e3 O-O 8. Be2 b6 9. O-O Bb7 10. a3 Qe7
11. Rd1 Rfd8 12. Bd2 d5 13. cxd5 exd5 14. Be1 d4 15. exd4 Nxd4 16. Nxd4 Bxd4
17. Bf1 Qe5 18. h3 h5 19. Rd2 Bc5 20. Rxd8+ Rxd8 21. Rd1 Rxd1 22. Qxd1 Bd6 23.
g3 Bc5 24. Kh2 h4 25. Qd8+ Ne8 26. Qd2 Nd6 27. f4 hxg3+ 28. Bxg3 Qe3 29. Qxe3
Bxe3 30. a4 {Black exerts pressure on the queenside.} 30... Bc1 31. b3 Bd2 32.
Nb5 {Exchange helps White.} 32... Nxb5 33. Bxb5 g6 $1 ({Fine dislikes} 33...
Bd5 34. Bc4 Bxc4 35. bxc4 g6 36. Kg2 Kg7 37. Kf3 Kf6 38. Ke4 {
because the white king reaches e4 in time.}) 34. Kg1 Bd5 35. Bc4 Bxc4 36. bxc4
Kg7 37. Kf2 $6 ({Better is} 37. f5 $1) 37... Kf6 38. Ke2 Bc1 39. Kd1 $2 ({
Correct is} 39. f5 $1 Kxf5 40. Bb8 a6 41. Bc7) 39... Ba3 40. Ke2 Kf5 41. Kf3
Bd6 {Zugzwang.} 42. Bh2 g5 43. Bg1 Bxf4 44. c5 bxc5 45. Bxc5 a6 {
Although Black has won a pawn, the win is hard to achieve.} 46. Bb6 Bd6 47. Bd8
Be5 48. Ba5 Bf6 49. Bb6 Be7 $1 {Black prepares the advance of the f-pawn.} 50.
Ba5 Ke6 51. Kg4 f5+ 52. Kf3 Kd5 53. Bc7 Kc5 54. Ba5 Kc4 55. Bc7 Kb4 56. a5 {
The a-pawn has been forced to a bad square.} 56... Kc5 $1 (56... Kb5 57. Bb6
Bb4 58. Bd8 Bxa5 $2 59. Bxg5 $11 {(Fine).}) 57. Bb6+ Kc6 58. Be3 Bd8 {
The black bishop moves to a strong position.} 59. Bd2 ({
More resistance is offered by} 59. Bc1 $1 Kb5 60. Bd2 Ka4 $1 61. Kf2 f4 62. Bc3
Kb3 63. Bd4 Bxa5 64. Bf6 Bc3 65. Bxg5 a5 66. h4 a4 67. Be7 Bb4 68. Bf6 a3 69.
h5 Bf8 70. Kf3 Bh6 $1 {Black wins.}) 59... Kb5 60. Kf2 {
The king has to move to a less favourable square due to zugzwang.} 60... f4 $1
{The bishop is restricted.} 61. Bc3 Kc4 62. Bd2 ({Not} 62. Bg7 $2 Kb4 $1) ({Or
} 62. Be1 Be7 63. Kf3 Bb4 64. Bf2 Bxa5 65. h4 Bd8 $1) 62... Be7 {
Threatens ..Bb4.} 63. h4 $1 {The last chance.} 63... gxh4 64. Bxf4 Bd8 65. Bd2
Kb5 66. Kg2 (66. Kf3 Bxa5 67. Bg5 h3 $1 68. Kg3 Be1+ 69. Kxh3 a5 {
and a theoretical win.}) 66... Bxa5 67. Bg5 Bb6 $1 {
Fine finds the difficult win.} ({Avoids} 67... Be1 $2 68. Bd8 a5 69. Bxa5 $1)
68. Bxh4 a5 69. Kf3 a4 70. Ke2 a3 71. Bf6 (71. Kd3 Bd4 $1 {
brings a brilliant finish.}) 71... Kc4 72. Kd2 Kb3 73. Kc1 a2 {
The black bishop will move to b2. Black wins with the last pawn.} 0-1

[Event "Fine"]
[Site "Zandvoort 1936"]
[Date "1914.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Keres, Paul"]
[Black "Fine, Rueben"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "A09"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "126"]
[EventDate "1914.??.??"]

1. Nf3 d5 2. c4 dxc4 3. e3 Nf6 4. Bxc4 e6 5. O-O c5 6. b3 Nc6 7. Bb2 a6 8. a4
Be7 9. Ne5 Na5 10. d4 Nxc4 11. Nxc4 O-O 12. Nbd2 Bd7 13. Ne5 Be8 14. Rc1 cxd4
15. Bxd4 Nd7 16. Nxd7 Bxd7 17. Nc4 Rc8 18. Qf3 b5 19. Qg3 f6 20. Bb6 Qe8 21.
Nd6 Bxd6 22. Qxd6 bxa4 23. bxa4 Bxa4 24. Bc5 Rf7 25. Ba3 Rd8 26. Qb6 h6 27. Rc5
Bb5 28. Rfc1 Rfd7 29. h3 Rb8 30. Qxb8 Qxb8 31. Rc8+ Qxc8 32. Rxc8+ Kh7 33. Bb4
{Black cannot advance his extra pawn to a5 due to the bishops of opposite
colours. He will try to stage an attack on the kingside.} 33... h5 34. h4 {
Keres prevents ..h4.} 34... Kg6 35. Kh2 e5 36. Kg3 Bd3 37. Rc6 Rb7 38. Bc3 Bb5
39. Rc8 Kf7 40. f3 $2 {The kingside is weakened. Pawn g2 will become a target.}
40... Bd7 41. Ra8 Bb5 42. Rc8 Rd7 43. Kf2 Rd1 44. Rc7+ Kg8 45. g4 $1 {
A flight forwards solves the weakness.} 45... Rf1+ 46. Kg2 ({Fine's draw} 46.
Kg3 $2 {is refuted by} 46... Be2 {and Black threatens to capture with check.})
46... e4 $1 ({Now} 46... Be2 {fails due to} 47. g5 $1 fxg5 48. hxg5 Rxf3 49. g6
$1) 47. fxe4 hxg4 48. e5 $2 ({Correct is} 48. Kg3 $1 {A clash shows} 48... Bd3
49. e5 f5 50. e6 Rf3+ 51. Kh2 Rxe3 52. Rxg7+ Kf8 53. Rg6 {
White seems to survive.}) 48... Rf3 $1 {The king is imprisoned.} 49. exf6 gxf6
50. Kg1 Bf1 $1 {The net closes.} 51. Rc6 Kf7 52. e4 ({The crucial variation is
} 52. Rxf6+ Rxf6 53. Bxf6 Kxf6 54. Kxf1 a5 {Black wins.}) 52... g3 53. e5 fxe5
54. Bxe5 Bh3 {The rest is simple.} 55. Rc1 a5 56. Kh1 a4 57. Bd4 a3 58. Rc2 Rb3
59. h5 Rb1+ 60. Bg1 Rb2 61. Rc7+ Ke6 62. Bd4 Rb1+ 63. Bg1 a2 0-1

[Event "Fine"]
[Site "Leiden (AVRO) 1938"]
[Date "1914.??.??"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Fine, Rueben"]
[Black "Alekhine, Alexander"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C72"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "91"]
[EventDate "1914.??.??"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 d6 5. O-O Bd7 6. c3 g6 7. d4 Bg7 8. dxe5
Nxe5 9. Nxe5 dxe5 10. f4 Bxa4 11. Qxa4+ Qd7 12. Qxd7+ Kxd7 {
A quick draw seems to be the result, but Fine grabs the initiative.} 13. fxe5
$1 Ke6 14. Bf4 {White protects pawn e5 indirectly. He wins valuable time.}
14... Rf8 15. Nd2 Bxe5 16. Nb3 $1 {White deploys.} 16... Bxf4 17. Rxf4 b6 {
Square c5 needs protection.} 18. a4 $1 {
The weakening on the queenside is utilised at once.} 18... Ke5 ({Euwe prefers} 
18... a5 {Fine gives the powerful answer} 19. Nd4+ Ke7 20. Rd1) 19. g3 $1 {
The other rook remains in reserve.} 19... Nf6 20. Nd2 Nh5 ({No relief brings} 
20... Nd7 21. a5) ({Or} 20... Ke6 21. a5) 21. Rf2 Ke6 (21... a5 22. b4 $1) 22.
a5 $1 Ra8 {Black has to decrease the protection of f7.} ({The pointe is} 22...
b5 23. Nb3 $1) 23. Raf1 $1 Rhd8 ({Not} 23... Rhf8 24. g4 $1 Ng7 25. Rf6+) 24.
Nf3 Ke7 25. axb6 cxb6 26. Ng5 $1 {Black misses a tempo in the defence.} 26...
h6 27. Rxf7+ Kd6 28. Nf3 g5 29. Nd4 Re8 30. Rh7 Rh8 31. Rff7 Rxh7 32. Rxh7 {
The game is decided.} 32... Rf8 33. Rxh6+ Nf6 34. Nf3 Kc5 35. Nd2 g4 36. Rg6
Nd7 37. Rxg4 Ne5 38. Rg5 Kd6 39. Rf5 Rd8 40. Nf3 Nd3 41. Rd5+ Ke7 42. Rxd8 Kxd8
43. b3 Ke7 44. Nd2 a5 45. Kf1 b5 46. Ke2 {A plus has been utilised brilliantly.
Fine defeated the world champion twice in AVRO 1938.} 1-0

[Event "Keres"]
[Site "Muenchen 1936"]
[Date "1916.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Keres, Paul"]
[Black "Richter, Kurt"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "A84"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "117"]
[EventDate "1916.??.??"]

{Keres (1916-1975) was a wonderful attacker. He also showed great technics in
the endgame.} 1. Nf3 f5 2. d4 Nf6 3. g3 b6 4. Bg2 Bb7 5. O-O e6 6. c4 d5 7. Ne5
Bd6 8. Bf4 O-O 9. Nc3 Ne4 10. cxd5 exd5 11. Qb3 Kh8 12. Rfd1 c6 13. Nxe4 fxe4
14. f3 exf3 15. Bxf3 Qe7 16. Rac1 Bxe5 17. Bxe5 Nd7 18. Bf4 Nf6 19. a4 Ne4 20.
a5 bxa5 21. Bxe4 a4 22. Qd3 Qxe4 23. Qxe4 dxe4 {White has a positional plus.}
24. d5 $1 ({The quiet} 24. Rc4 {allows consolidation by} 24... Rf7) 24... Rad8
$2 {Richter buys it.} ({The challenge is accepted by} 24... cxd5 $1 25. Rc7 Ba6
$1 26. Be5 $1 Bxe2 27. Rxg7 (27. Re1 $1 Bc4 28. Bxg7+ Kg8 29. Bxf8 {
gains a material plus}) 27... Rfe8 $1 28. Bf6 Rf8 $1 29. Bd4 {
The bishop finds protection.} 29... h6 $1 30. Rxa7+ Kg8 31. Rg7+ Kh8 32. Rc1 {
White cannot capture d5.} 32... Bc4 {All holes are plugged.}) 25. d6 Rf5 26.
Rc4 c5 ({Not} 26... g5 27. Be3 Rd5 28. Rxd5 cxd5 {due to} 29. Rc7 $1 {(Keres).}
) 27. Rxa4 a6 28. Ra5 g6 29. b4 $1 {The commentators love this move.} (29. Be3
{is fine.}) 29... cxb4 30. Rxf5 gxf5 31. d7 Bc6 32. Rc1 $1 {White wins a piece.
} 32... Bxd7 33. Rd1 b3 34. Bc7 Rc8 35. Rxd7 Kg8 36. Be5 Rc5 37. Rg7+ $1 {
Keres chooses for beauty again.} ({Okay is} 37. Bd4 Rc4 38. Kf2 a5 39. Ke3)
37... Kf8 ({Avoids} 37... Kh8 38. Bf6 $1) 38. Bd6+ $1 Kxg7 39. Bxc5 Kf7 ({
The pointe is} 39... b2 40. Bd4+) 40. Ba3 $1 Ke6 41. Kf2 Kd5 42. Ke3 Kc4 43.
Kd2 e3+ $1 {The fighter Richter strikes back.} 44. Kxe3 $1 Kc3 45. Kf4 a5 46.
g4 $1 ({A valuable tempo is lost by} 46. Kxf5 $2 $11) 46... fxg4 47. e4 a4 48.
e5 b2 49. Bxb2+ Kxb2 50. e6 a3 51. e7 a2 52. e8=Q a1=Q 53. Qh8+ Ka2 54. Qxa1+
Kxa1 55. Kxg4 Kb2 56. Kg5 $1 Kc3 57. Kh6 Kd4 58. Kxh7 Ke5 59. Kg6 $1 {
White wins with the last pawn.} 1-0

[Event "Keres"]
[Site "Amsterdam (AVRO) 1938"]
[Date "1916.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Fine, Rueben"]
[Black "Keres, Paul"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C86"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "114"]
[EventDate "1916.??.??"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Qe2 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. a4
Bg4 9. c3 O-O 10. axb5 axb5 11. Rxa8 Qxa8 12. Qxb5 Na7 13. Qe2 Qxe4 14. Qxe4
Nxe4 15. d4 Bxf3 16. gxf3 Ng5 17. Kg2 Rb8 18. Bc4 exd4 19. cxd4 Ne6 20. d5 Nc5
21. Nc3 Nc8 22. Re1 Kf8 23. Re2 f5 24. Nb5 Nb6 25. b3 {
Keres has a positional plus and a trick.} 25... Nxd5 $1 26. Nd4 $5 ({
The exchanges} 26. Nxd6 $6 Bxd6 27. Bxd5 Nxb3 28. Rb2 Ba3 29. Rxb3 Rxb3 30.
Bxb3 Bxc1 {lead to an endgame with bishops of opposite colours. Black has an
extra pawn and the better pawn structure (Keres).}) 26... Nb4 ({Not} 26... Nc3
$4 27. Rxe7 $1) 27. Bd2 $2 ({The simple} 27. Nxf5 Bf6 28. Be3 {defends well.})
27... d5 $1 {This move surprised Fine.} 28. Bxb4 Rxb4 29. Nc6 (29. Rxe7 Kxe7
30. Nc6+ Kd6 31. Nxb4 dxc4 32. bxc4 Nb3 {leads to a poor knight ending.}) 29...
dxc4 $1 30. Nxb4 cxb3 {
The sacrifice of the exchange has led to a dangerous attack.} 31. Nd5 ({Or} 31.
Rb2 Kf7 32. Kf1 Bf6) 31... Nd3 $1 32. Rd2 ({Avoids} 32. Nxe7 $4 Nf4+) 32... b2
33. Rd1 c5 ({Even better is} 33... Nc1 $1 34. Nc3 Bb4 35. Nb1 c5 {(Keres).})
34. Rb1 c4 35. Kf1 Bc5 36. Ke2 Bxf2 $1 {Combinations continue.} 37. Ne3 c3 $1
38. Nc2 ({The point is} 38. Kxd3 Bxe3 39. Kxc3 Bc1) 38... Ne1 39. Na3 $6 Bc5 $6
(39... Bh4 $1 $19) 40. Kxe1 ({Better is} 40. Rxe1 $1 Bxa3 41. Kd3 Bb4 42. Kc2 {
Keres continues with} 42... Kf7 43. Re5 Bd6 $1 44. Rxf5+ Kg6 $1 {
Black gains the h-pawns and might win.}) 40... Bxa3 41. Kd1 Bd6 42. Kc2 Bxh2
43. Rh1 Be5 44. Rxh7 Kf7 45. Rh1 g5 46. Re1 Kf6 47. Rg1 Kg6 48. Re1 Bf6 49. Rg1
g4 $1 {A temporary sacrifice brings the decision.} 50. fxg4 f4 51. g5 $1 {
The last try.} 51... Bd4 52. Rd1 Be3 $1 53. Kxc3 Bc1 54. Rd6+ Kxg5 55. Rb6 f3
56. Kd3 Kf4 57. Rb8 Kg3 {A pawn will promote in the near future.   This game
decided about the first place in AVRO 1938 eventually.} 0-1

[Event "Keres"]
[Site "Moscow 1950"]
[Date "1916.??.??"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Averbakh, Yury"]
[Black "Keres, Paul"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C49"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "116"]
[EventDate "1916.??.??"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. O-O O-O 6. d3 d6 7. Ne2 Ne7 8. c3
Ba5 9. Ng3 c6 10. Ba4 Ng6 11. d4 Be6 12. Bc2 Re8 13. Re1 Bg4 14. Nf5 d5 15. h3
Bxf3 16. Qxf3 Nxe4 17. Bxe4 exd4 18. Nxd4 Bb6 19. Bd2 dxe4 20. Rxe4 Rxe4 21.
Qxe4 Bxd4 22. cxd4 Qe7 23. Qg4 Qd6 24. Re1 Qd5 25. b3 h5 26. Qe4 Qxe4 27. Rxe4
{Black has the better pawn structure.} 27... f6 28. Kf1 Kf7 29. Ba5 b6 30. Bc3
Rd8 31. Bb2 Rd6 32. g4 hxg4 33. hxg4 {White has prevented ..f5.} 33... Re6 34.
f3 Ne7 35. Bc1 Nd5 36. Bd2 Rd6 {Keres chooses another plan.} 37. Ke2 Rd8 38.
Kf2 Nc7 39. a4 {White does not allow ..Nb5.} 39... Ne6 40. Be3 Rd5 41. Kg3 Ke7
42. g5 $2 {White has to stay passively on the kingside.} ({Correct is} 42. Kf2
Kd7 {(Averbakh), and now the active} 43. b4 $1 a5 $5 44. bxa5 $1 Rxa5 45. d5 $1
cxd5 46. Rb4 {White regains the pawn and has opened the queenside.}) 42... f5
$1 ({Not} 42... fxg5 $2 43. Kg4 $1) 43. Re5 Kd6 44. Rxd5+ Kxd5 45. g6 $1 a5 $1
{Black has to make a preparatory move.} (45... Nxd4 $2 46. Bxd4 Kxd4 47. Kf4 b5
$1 48. axb5 cxb5 49. b4 Kc4 50. Kxf5 Kxb4 51. f4 $1 Kc3 52. Kg5 b4 53. f5 b3
54. f6 gxf6+ 55. Kxf6 b2 56. g7 b1=Q 57. g8=Q {
(Keres). this position still is a theoretical draw.}) 46. Kh4 Nxd4 $1 (46... b5
$1 {continues the preparation.}) 47. Bh6 $1 Ne6 48. Be3 c5 49. Kh5 Ke5 (49...
c4 $1 50. bxc4+ Kxc4 51. Bxb6 Kb4 {wins more easily.}) 50. Bc1 Nd4 51. Bh6 Kf6
52. Bg5+ Ke6 53. Bh6 $2 {The endgame expert misses the best move.} ({
Keres analyses} 53. Bd8 $1 Kd7 $1 (53... Nxb3 $2 54. Kg5 $1) 54. Bf6 $1 Ne6 55.
Be5 Kc6 56. Bxg7 Nxg7+ 57. Kg5 Ne8 58. Kxf5 Kd6 59. f4 Kd5 60. Kg5 Ke6 61. f5+
Ke5 $19) 53... gxh6 $1 54. Kxh6 Nc6 $1 55. g7 Ne7 56. Kh7 Kf7 57. Kh6 Kg8 58.
f4 Kf7 {This game was played in the last round of a Soviet championship. Keres
became champion, because two competitors did not win.} 0-1

[Event "Keres"]
[Site "Belgrade 1959"]
[Date "1916.??.??"]
[Round "4"]
[White "Tal, Mikhail"]
[Black "Keres, Paul"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "D34"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "158"]
[EventDate "1916.??.??"]

1. Nf3 d5 2. d4 c5 3. c4 e6 4. cxd5 exd5 5. g3 Nc6 6. Bg2 Nf6 7. O-O Be7 8. Nc3
O-O 9. Bg5 Be6 10. dxc5 Bxc5 11. Na4 Bb6 12. Nxb6 axb6 13. Nd4 h6 14. Bf4 Qd7
15. a3 Bh3 16. Qd3 Rfe8 17. Rfe1 Bxg2 18. Kxg2 Re4 19. Nf3 Rae8 20. Bd2 d4 21.
e3 Qd5 22. exd4 Rxd4 23. Rxe8+ Nxe8 24. Qe2 Nd6 25. Be3 Rd3 26. Kg1 Nc4 27. Ne1
Rb3 28. Rc1 Nxe3 29. fxe3 Qe5 30. Ng2 Rxb2 31. Qd3 Qe6 32. Nf4 Rb3 33. Rc3 Rxc3
34. Qxc3 {
Keres has the initiative, but the extra pawn seems to have little value.} 34...
Qe4 35. Qb3 b5 36. Qxb5 Qxe3+ 37. Kf1 ({Or} 37. Kg2 Qe4+ 38. Kg1 Nd4) 37...
Qf3+ 38. Kg1 Qe3+ 39. Kf1 g5 (39... Nd4 $1 40. Qxb7 g5 {
Black wins a piece according to the commentators.} 41. Qc8+ Kg7 42. Qg4 {
saves it, but} 42... f5 43. Nh5+ Kg6 44. Qd1 (44. Nf4+ Qxf4+ $1) 44... Qe4 45.
Kf2 Qc2+ 46. Qxc2 Nxc2 47. g4 fxg4 48. Ng3 Nxa3 {wins anyway.}) 40. Ne2 Ne5 $1
{Keres plays for mate despite the time pressure.} (40... Qe7 {
protects the extra pawn.}) 41. Qxb7 {The game is adjourned.} 41... Nd3 42. Qc8+
({Avoids} 42. Qg2 $2 Qb6 $1) 42... Kg7 43. Qf5 Qd2 44. Nd4 ({
Black wins more quickly in} 44. Ng1 Qd1+ 45. Kg2 Qc2+ 46. Kf3 Qf2+ 47. Kg4 h5+
$1 48. Kxg5 f6+ {(Keres).}) 44... Qe1+ 45. Kg2 Qe3 46. Qd5 {
All knight moves lose according to Keres.} (46. Nf3 Qe2+ 47. Kh3 Nf2+ 48. Kg2
Nd1+ 49. Kh3 Qf1+) (46. Nb3 Qe2+ 47. Kh3 Nf4+) (46. Nc6 Qd2+ 47. Kh3 Nf2+ 48.
Kg2 Ng4+ 49. Kh3 h5) (46. Nb5 Qe2+ 47. Kg1 (47. Kh1 Ne1) 47... Ne5 48. Nd4 Qd1+
) 46... Qf2+ $1 47. Kh3 Qf1+ 48. Kg4 Nf2+ $1 ({
Keres has found before the resumption} 48... h5+ $2 49. Kxg5 Qf6+ 50. Kxh5 Ne5
{and White wins by a real 'Tal move'} 51. Qd6 $3) 49. Kf5 Qd3+ ({No effect has
} 49... Nd1+ 50. Qf3) 50. Ke5 Ng4+ 51. Kd6 Qxa3+ {
Black has an extra pawn and a superior position.} 52. Kc7 Qe7+ 53. Kc8 Ne3 (
53... Qe8+ $1 54. Kc7 Nxh2 {wins another pawn.}) 54. Qb5 ({No good is} 54. Nf5+
Nxf5 55. Qxf5 Qe6+) 54... Qe4 55. Qb2 Kg6 56. Qb6+ f6 57. Ne6 Nc4 58. Qa6 Ne5
59. Nc7 Qc2 60. Qd6 Qxh2 61. Nd5 Qf2 62. Kb7 ({Tal avoids} 62. Qe6 Qc5+ 63. Kb7
Qf8 {after a long think.}) 62... Qxg3 63. Qxf6+ Kh5 64. Qe6 Ng4 65. Ne7 Qf3+
66. Kc8 Kh4 67. Nf5+ Kh3 68. Kd8 h5 69. Qg6 Ne5 70. Qe6 Ng4 71. Qg6 Ne5 72. Qe6
Qd3+ 73. Nd4+ ({Or} 73. Ke8 Qd7+ 74. Qxd7 Nxd7 75. Kxd7 g4) 73... Ng4 74. Qd5
Nf2 75. Kc8 h4 76. Qe5 Qe4 77. Qf6 Qf4 78. Nf5 Ne4 79. Qe6 Qg4 {
Keres changed the initiative into a decisive attack brilliantly.} 0-1

[Event "Keres"]
[Site "3rd place Soviet-Union 1946-7"]
[Date "1916.??.??"]
[Round "5"]
[White "Keres, Paul"]
[Black "?"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "6k1/1K2p3/R3P2P/p7/8/8/8/r7 w - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "49"]
[EventDate "1916.??.??"]

{White controls more terrain in a natural position.} 1. Kc8 $1 (1. Kc7 Rd1)
1... a4 $1 (1... Rd1 2. Ra7 Kf8 3. Rxa5 Rd6 4. Rg5) 2. Kd7 a3 3. Kxe7 a2 4. Ra7
$1 (4. Ke8 Re1) 4... Kh8 (4... Kh7 5. Ke8+ Kxh6 6. e7 Kh5) 5. h7 $1 Kxh7 6.
Ke8+ Kg6 7. e7 Kh5 8. Ra3 $3 {Subtle tempo play is needed.} (8. Kd7 Rd1+ 9. Kc6
Re1) 8... Kh4 {The king has to move to the fourth rank.} (8... Kg5 9. Rg3+ Kf4
(9... Kh4 10. Rg2 Kh3 11. Rd2) 10. Rg2 Kf3 11. Rb2 Ke3 12. Kd7 Rd1+ 13. Kc7
Rc1+ 14. Kb7 a1=Q 15. e8=Q+) 9. Ra5 $1 {Zugzwang!} 9... Kg4 10. Kf7 $1 {
The Lasker-manoeuvre.} 10... Rf1+ 11. Kg6 Re1 12. Ra4+ Kh3 13. Kf6 Rf1+ 14. Kg5
Rg1+ 15. Kh5 Re1 16. Ra3+ Kg2 17. Rxa2+ Kf3 18. Ra7 Re6 19. Kg5 Ke4 20. Rb7 (
20. Ra1 Kd5) 20... Ke5 21. Rd7 Ke4 22. Rd1 Kf3 23. Rf1+ Ke2 24. Rf7 Ke3 25. Kf5
1-0

[Event "Szabo"]
[Site "Maribor 1978"]
[Date "1917.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Barle, Janez"]
[Black "Szabo, Laszlo"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "B33"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "90"]
[EventDate "1917.??.??"]

{Szabo (1917-1982) was an aggressive player. His countryman Maroczy spoke
highly of him.} 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 e6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 Nc6 6. Ndb5 d6
7. Bf4 e5 8. Bg5 a6 9. Na3 b5 10. Bxf6 gxf6 11. Nd5 f5 12. Bd3 Be6 13. c4 Nd4
14. Nc2 Nxc2+ 15. Bxc2 fxe4 16. Bxe4 Rc8 17. cxb5 Qa5+ 18. Qd2 Qxd2+ 19. Kxd2 {
A sharp opening has led to a black attack.} 19... Bh6+ 20. Kd1 f5 21. Bf3 e4 $5
{The attack increases by a pawn sacrifice.} 22. Bh5+ Kd8 23. Nc3 axb5 24. Nxb5
Rc5 $1 {Black's pieces go to strong squares.} 25. Nc3 $2 ({More stability gives
} 25. a4) 25... d5 26. Kc2 d4 27. Rad1 d3+ 28. Kb1 Ke7 29. Ka1 Ra8 30. a3 Rxc3
$1 {White is crushed.} 31. bxc3 Rxa3+ 32. Kb1 Rb3+ 33. Ka1 Rxc3 34. Rb1 Bg7 35.
Kb2 Rc2+ 36. Ka3 Bc3 37. Ka4 Bc4 38. Rb3 {The exchange has to be returned.}
38... Bxb3+ 39. Kxb3 Bd4 40. Rf1 Bxf2 41. Bd1 Rd2 42. Kc3 e3 43. Bf3 e2 $1 {
Szabo chooses a creative finish.} 44. Rxf2 Rc2+ 45. Kxd3 e1=N+ $1 (45... e1=N+
46. Ke3 f4+ {wins a rook.}) 0-1

[Event "Boleslavsky"]
[Site "Playoff Moscow 1950"]
[Date "1919.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Boleslavsky, Isaac"]
[Black "Bronstein, David"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C48"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "109"]
[EventDate "1919.??.??"]

{Boleslavsky (1919-1977) innovated the opening theory. He played a match with
Bronstein.} 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 4. O-O d6 5. d4 Bd7 6. Nc3 Be7 7.
Bxc6 Bxc6 8. Qd3 exd4 9. Nxd4 O-O 10. Bf4 Nd7 11. Rad1 Bf6 12. b4 Re8 13. Rfe1
Bxd4 14. Qxd4 b5 15. Rd3 Qf6 16. Qxf6 Nxf6 17. f3 a5 18. a3 axb4 19. axb4 Nd7
20. Nd5 Ra7 21. Red1 Ne5 22. Bxe5 Rxe5 {The endgame is equal. Boleslavsky
continues, because he is trailing by two points.} 23. Ne3 Bd7 24. Rc3 Be6 25.
Rd4 g5 26. g3 Kf8 27. Kf2 f6 28. Rdd3 $5 g4 $1 {A new battle begins.} 29. Ra3
Rxa3 30. Rxa3 Rh5 31. fxg4 Rxh2+ 32. Kf3 Ke7 33. Ra8 Bc4 34. Nf5+ Kd7 35. Rh8
Rxc2 (35... Bf7) 36. Rxh7+ {Both play for a win in a sharp position.} 36... Kc8
$2 {White will gain the f-pawn.} ({Correct is} 36... Ke8 37. Rg7 Bf7) 37. Rh6
$1 Rb2 38. Rxf6 Rxb4 39. g5 Bd3 40. Re6 d5 $1 {Black seems to miss a fork.} ({
No use has} 40... Bc4 41. Rh6 Rb1 (41... Bd3 42. Rh4 $1) 42. Ne3 $1) 41. Ne7+
$6 ({The players overlook Suetin's variation} 41. g6 $1 Bxe4+ 42. Kg4 Bg2+ 43.
Kg5 Bh3 44. g7 Rg4+ 45. Kh6 $18) 41... Kd7 42. exd5 Rb3 {
Black pieces have been activated by the pawn sacrifice.} ({
Boleslavsky analyses the alternatives} 42... Bc4 43. g6 Ra4 44. g7 Ra8 45. Re5
Kd6 46. Kf4) ({and} 42... Ra4 43. g6 Ra8 44. Nc6 Rf8+ 45. Ke3 Bf5 46. Ne5+ Kc8
47. g7) 43. Kf4 Rb4+ 44. Kf3 Rb3 45. Kg4 {It goes on after a repetition.} 45...
Rb4+ 46. Kh5 Re4 {Black has counter-play. White finds an elegant win.} 47. Ng6
$1 b4 ({Boleslavsky has calculated} 47... Rxe6 48. dxe6+ Kd6 49. Nf4 Bc2 50. g6
b4 51. Kh6 b3 52. g7) 48. Nf8+ Kd8 49. g6 Rxe6 50. g7 $1 {The pawn will queen.}
50... Be2+ 51. Kg5 Re4 ({Another point is} 51... Re3 52. g4 Re4 53. Kf5 $1 Rxg4
54. Ng6) 52. Kf6 $2 ({Right is} 52. Kf5 $1) 52... Rg4 53. Ng6 Rxg6+ $2 {
Bronstein misses a brilliant escape.} (53... Bb5 $3 54. g8=Q+ Be8 55. Qh7 Rxg6+
56. Ke5 b3 $11) 54. Kxg6 Bd3+ 55. Kh6 {Boleslavsky conquered in this game but
Bronstein won the playoff and became the challenger of Botvinnik.} 1-0

[Event "Boleslavsky"]
[Site "Moscow 1957"]
[Date "1919.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Boleslavsky, Isaac"]
[Black "Tal, Mikhail"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C97"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "185"]
[EventDate "1919.??.??"]

{Bronstein (1924) is a great attacker. He shows his tactical talent in the
next endgame.} 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7.
Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5 11. d4 Qc7 12. Nbd2 Bd7 13. Nf1 Rfe8 14.
Ne3 g6 15. dxe5 dxe5 16. Nh2 Rad8 17. Qf3 Be6 18. Nhg4 Nxg4 19. hxg4 Qc6 20.
Qg3 f6 21. g5 Kh8 22. b3 Rf8 23. Nd5 Bxd5 24. exd5 Qxd5 25. gxf6 Bxf6 26. Bh6
Rfe8 27. Be4 Qe6 28. Qf3 {The endgame starts with a quiet position.} 28... Qe7
29. Rad1 Bg7 {Black plans a minority attack.} 30. Be3 Rf8 31. Qh3 Kg8 32. Qg4
Bf6 33. Rxd8 Rxd8 34. Rd1 $6 Nb7 {
Black closes the centre. White can only defend.} 35. Bxb7 Rxd1+ 36. Qxd1 Qxb7
37. Qd6 {White wants to draw and closes the kingside.} (37. Bxc5 Qc6) 37... Kf7
38. Bxc5 h5 39. c4 bxc4 40. bxc4 Qb1+ (40... e4) 41. Kh2 Qb7 (41... Qxa2 42.
Qd7+ Kg8 43. Qe8+ Kh7 44. Qf7+ Bg7 45. Bf8) 42. Be3 $5 {
White builds a strange fortress.} 42... e4 43. c5 Be7 44. Qb6 Qd5 45. c6 $2 {
The right plan is executed in the wrong way.} 45... Bd6+ 46. g3 h4 $3 {
The closed position is opened in a wonderful manner.} 47. c7 hxg3+ 48. Kg2 Qd1
$3 {Otherwise White plays 49.Bc2.} 49. Qxd6 Qxd6 50. c8=Q gxf2 51. Qb7+ Ke6 (
51... Qe7 52. Qxa6 {White has to lose a pawn (Bronstein).} {Correct is} 52...
Qe6 $1 53. Qb7+ Qe7 {The bishop protects b3 and a rook prevents ..d5.} 54. Qb3+
Qe6 55. Kxf2) 52. Qxe4+ Kd7 53. Qb7+ Ke6 54. Qb3+ Kd7 {
Black has three connected passed pawns for the bishop.} 55. Kxf2 Qh2+ 56. Kf3
Qh3+ 57. Ke4 $1 {Square e2 gets extra protection.} 57... Qf5+ 58. Kd4 Kc6 59.
Kc3 Qe5+ 60. Kc2 Qe4+ {Black threatens 61...d3+.} 61. Kc1 Kd7 62. Kd2 Qg2+ 63.
Kd3 Qc6 64. Kd4 Qf6+ 65. Kc4 $1 Qc6+ $1 66. Kd3 Qb5+ 67. Kd4 Qc6 68. Bf4 Qf6+
69. Ke3 Qc6 70. Kd4 Qf6+ {The connected passed pawns could not be stopped.} 71.
Be5 $1 Qf2+ 72. Kd5 $1 {closes b4 as entrance for the black king.} 72... Qf7+ {
Checks begin:} 73. Kc5 Qe7+ 74. Kd4 Qh4+ $1 75. Kd5 Qh1+ 76. Kc5 $1 Qc1+ {
A second series begin:} 77. Kb4 (77. Kb6 Qc6+) 77... Qc6 78. Qf7+ Kc8 79. Qf8+
Kd7 {The king is on its way to h6.} 80. Qc5 $1 {
White tries something different.} 80... g5 81. a4 a5+ $1 ({
The pointe of move 46 is} 81... g4 82. Qd4+ Ke6 83. Ka5) 82. Qxa5 Qe4+ 83. Ka3
Qe3+ 84. Bc3 Qc1+ {Black wins.} {avoids} 85. Kb3 $4 Qb1+ $1 {The counteraction}
86. Ka3 Qc1+ 87. Kb4 Qb1+ 88. Kc5 Qg1+ 89. Kb5 g4 90. Ka6 g3 91. Qd5+ Ke7 $1
92. Qb7+ Ke8 93. Qb8+ (93. Qb8+ Kd7 94. Qa7+ Qxa7+ 95. Kxa7 {
leads to a black victory.}) 1-0

[Event "Smyslov"]
[Site "W Ch Den Haag 1948"]
[Date "1921.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Botvinnik, Mikhail"]
[Black "Smyslov, Vasily"]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[ECO "D98"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "158"]
[EventDate "1921.??.??"]

{Smyslov (1921) is a great positional player. A battle for the centre rages in
this game.} 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. Qb3 dxc4 6. Qxc4 O-O 7.
e4 Bg4 8. Be3 Nfd7 9. Nd2 Nb6 10. Qd3 c6 11. f3 Be6 12. Rd1 Na6 13. a3 Qd7 14.
Qc2 Nc7 15. Nb3 Bc4 16. Be2 Bxe2 17. Qxe2 Rad8 18. O-O Qe6 19. Nc5 Qc8 20. Kh1
Nd7 21. Nb3 b6 22. Qc4 Qb7 23. f4 e6 24. Rc1 Nf6 25. Bg1 Rc8 26. Rc2 Rfd8 27.
Qe2 Nb5 28. e5 Nxc3 29. bxc3 Nd5 30. c4 Ne7 31. Nd2 Nf5 32. Ne4 Nxd4 33. Bxd4
Rxd4 34. Nd6 Rxd6 35. exd6 c5 36. Rd2 Rd8 37. Qf3 Qxf3 38. Rxf3 {White has a
slight positional advantage, because he can stage a minority attack.} 38... Bd4
{Black occupies the centre and gains a pawn.} 39. g3 Rxd6 40. Kg2 f5 $6 {
He weakens the e-pawn.} ({Euwe prefers} 40... h6) 41. a4 Kf7 42. Rb3 Kf6 $6 43.
Ra2 ({The opportunity takes} 43. a5 $1 bxa5 44. Ra3) 43... a5 $1 44. Rd2 Ke7
45. Kf3 {The game is adjourned.} 45... Kd7 $2 {Black remain passive.} ({
Botvinnik had prepared the likely win} 45... h5 $1 46. h3 Ke8 47. g4 h4 $1 48.
Rd1 Kd7 49. gxf5 gxf5 50. Rd2 Ke7 51. Rg2 Kf7 52. Rd3 Rd8 53. Rb2 $1 {but}
53... Rg8 $1 {draws.}) 46. g4 $1 {White opens the position.} 46... h6 47. Rg2
Ke7 48. Rd3 Kf7 49. h4 {White threatens 50.h5.} 49... fxg4+ 50. Rxg4 h5 51. Rg2
Rd8 52. Rgd2 Ke8 53. Rg2 Kf7 54. Rgd2 Ke8 55. Ke2 Ke7 56. Rd1 Rf8 57. Rf1 Bf6
$1 {Smyslov has to start a counteraction.} 58. Rb3 Bxh4 59. Rxb6 Bg3 60. Rb7+
Kf6 ({Avoids} 60... Kd6 $4 61. Rd1+ Kc6 62. Rdb1 Kd6 63. R1b6#) 61. Rb5 Kf5 62.
Rxc5+ Ke4 63. Re5+ Kd4 64. Rd1+ Kxc4 65. Re4+ Kc5 66. Kf3 h4 {
White has conquered the centre. The black pieces are scattered over the bord.}
67. Rb1 Kd6 68. Rb6+ Kd7 69. Kg4 Rf5 70. Rd4+ $2 {
Botvinnik allows a tactical escape.} ({Zugzwang brings} 70. Ra6 $1 {
The pointe is} 70... Bh2 71. Rexe6 Rxf4+ 72. Kh3 $1 Bg3 73. Rxg6 $18) 70... Ke7
{Black has reorganised his position.} 71. Rb7+ (71. Re4 {
returns to the right plan.}) 71... Kf6 72. Rb5 e5 {
Smyslov counters in the centre at last.} 73. Rd6+ Kg7 74. Rxa5 ({
An important line is} 74. fxe5 Rf4+ 75. Kh3 Rxa4 76. Rd7+ Kh6 77. e6 g5 {
(Kerers)} 78. e7 g4+ 79. Kg2 Ra2+ 80. Kf1 Ra1+ 81. Ke2 Re1+ 82. Kd2 Kg6 $1 83.
Rb6+ Kf7 84. Rh6 Bf4+ {and Black escapes (Botvinnik).}) 74... Rxf4+ 75. Kh3 Kh6
76. Raa6 Kh5 $1 77. Rxg6 Rxa4 $1 78. Rh6+ Kg5 79. Rhg6+ Kh5 {
An impressive fight for the world championship!} 1/2-1/2

[Event "Smyslov"]
[Site "Moscow 1952"]
[Date "1921.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Geller, Efim"]
[Black "Smyslov, Vasily"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "D18"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "116"]
[EventDate "1921.??.??"]

{Encirclement is an important phenomenon in Smyslov's games.} 1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6
3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Nc3 dxc4 5. a4 Bf5 6. e3 e6 7. Bxc4 Bb4 8. O-O a5 9. Qe2 Ne4 10.
Na2 Bd6 11. Bd3 Bg6 12. Nc3 Ng5 13. Nxg5 Qxg5 14. e4 Qh5 15. Qxh5 Bxh5 16. f4
Na6 17. Rf2 Nb4 18. Bc4 Kd7 19. Be3 Rae8 20. e5 Be7 21. f5 Bg4 22. fxe6+ fxe6
23. Ne4 b6 24. Bg5 Ref8 25. Bxe7 Kxe7 26. Raf1 Rxf2 27. Rxf2 Rf8 28. Rxf8 Kxf8
{Pawns a4 and d4 are weaknesses, but White has the initiative.} 29. h3 $1 (29.
Ng5 $2 Ke7 30. Nxh7 Nc2 {leads to positional problems.}) 29... Bf5 30. Nd6 Ke7
$1 31. Bb3 $6 {White threatens Nc8+xb6-c4.} ({The knight is lost in} 31. Nc8+
$2 Kd7 32. Nxb6+ Kc7 33. Na8+ Kb7) ({My preference goes to} 31. Nxf5+ exf5 32.
Kf2 Nc2 33. d5 $1 cxd5 34. Bxd5 Nb4 35. Bg8 Nd3+ 36. Ke3 Nxe5 (36... Nxb2 $4
37. Bb3 $1) 37. Kd4 {and White will survive.}) 31... Kd7 32. Nxf5 $2 {
The exchange is one move too late.} ({Correct is} 32. Nc4 Kc7 33. Nd6 Kd7 34.
Nc4 Nd5 35. Kf2 {and Black has a plus.}) 32... exf5 33. Kf1 c5 $1 ({
The position is opened in} 33... Nd3 34. Bc2 Nxb2 35. Bxf5+) 34. dxc5 $6 ({
The last chance gives} 34. d5 $1 Nd3 35. Bc2 $1 Nxe5 36. Bxf5+ Kd6 37. Bxh7
Kxd5 38. Ke2 Kd4 39. Kd2 Kc4 {Black has a big advantage.}) 34... bxc5 35. Ke2
Nc6 36. Bg8 h6 37. e6+ Kd6 38. Kd3 Ne5+ 39. Ke3 g5 $1 ({
Black chooses for encirclement, because} 39... Nc4+ 40. Kf4 {
gives counter-play.}) 40. b3 Nc6 41. Kd3 Ne5+ 42. Ke3 {Black has a decisive
advantage due to the weak e-pawn, passive bishop and the pawn majority on the
kingside.} 42... Ke7 43. g3 Ng6 44. Ke2 Kf8 $1 {Smyslov finds a witty win.} 45.
Bh7 Kg7 46. Bxg6 Kxg6 {Black has achieved a won endgame.} 47. Kd3 Kf6 48. Kc4
Kxe6 49. Kxc5 h5 $1 50. b4 $1 {The final effort.} 50... f4 $1 51. gxf4 g4 $1
52. hxg4 h4 $5 53. f5+ Kd7 54. g5 h3 55. g6 Ke7 56. bxa5 h2 57. a6 h1=Q 58. Kb6
Kd6 {Encirclement of the centre decided the game.} 0-1

[Event "Smyslov"]
[Site "W Ch Moscow 1957"]
[Date "1921.??.??"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Botvinnik, Mikhail"]
[Black "Smyslov, Vasily"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "D73"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "138"]
[EventDate "1921.??.??"]

1. Nf3 Nf6 2. g3 g6 3. c4 c6 4. Bg2 Bg7 5. d4 O-O 6. Nc3 d5 7. cxd5 cxd5 8. Ne5
b6 9. Bg5 Bb7 10. Bxf6 $6 Bxf6 11. O-O e6 12. f4 Bg7 13. Rc1 f6 14. Nf3 Nc6 15.
e3 Qd7 16. Qe2 Na5 17. h4 Nc4 18. Bh3 Nd6 19. Kh2 a5 20. Rfe1 b5 $1 21. Nd1 b4
22. Nf2 Ba6 23. Qd1 Rfc8 24. Rxc8+ Rxc8 25. Bf1 Bxf1 26. Rxf1 Qc6 27. Nd3 Qc2+
28. Qxc2 Rxc2+ 29. Rf2 Rxf2+ 30. Nxf2 {Black has a better pawn structure and
controls more terrain on the queenside. Smyslov leads by one point in the
match.} 30... Nc4 31. Nd1 Kf7 32. b3 $2 {
This natural move creates a weakness on c3.} ({Smyslov prefers} 32. g4 h5 33.
g5 Bh8 $1 {He prepares for ..e5.}) 32... Nd6 33. Kg2 h5 34. Kh3 Ne4 35. g4 $2 {
Pawn h4 becomes a weakness.} 35... hxg4+ 36. Kxg4 f5+ 37. Kh3 Bf6 38. Ne1 (38.
Ng5+ Bxg5 39. hxg5 Nc3 {causes a catastrophe.}) 38... Kg7 39. Nd3 Nc3 {
Black exchanges before a counteraction starts on the queenside.} 40. Nxc3 bxc3
41. Ne1 $6 (41. b4 $1 {is more active.}) 41... Kh6 42. Nc2 Be7 43. Kg3 $2 {
White remains passive.} ({Rescue brings} 43. a3 Kh5 44. b4 axb4 45. axb4 Bxh4
46. b5 Bd8 47. Kg3 g5 48. fxg5 Kxg5 49. Kf3 Bb6 $1 50. Nb4 $1 Kf6 {(Smyslov)}
51. Nd3 c2 52. Ke2 Ba5 53. b6 Bxb6 54. Kd2 $11) 43... Kh5 44. Kf3 Kxh4 45. Ne1
{If the king goes to c3, his colleague penetrates.} 45... g5 46. fxg5 Kxg5 47.
Nc2 Bd6 48. Ne1 Kh4 49. Nc2 Kh3 {
The king makes an encircling movement along a distant flank.} 50. Na1 Kh2 51.
Kf2 Bg3+ 52. Kf3 Bh4 $1 53. Nc2 Kg1 54. Ke2 Kg2 {
The king has moved around the corner. White has to stay passively.} 55. Na1 Be7
56. Nc2 Kg3 57. Ne1 Bd8 58. Nc2 Bf6 $1 {
If White moves his knight, Black plays ..f4. So he has to weaken his position.}
59. a3 ({The alternative is} 59. Kd3 Kf2 60. Na1 Ke1 61. Nc2+ Kd1 {
and the king will complete his manoeuvre.}) 59... Be7 60. b4 (60. a4 {
draws according to some commentators, but Smyslov continues with} 60... Bd6 61.
Ne1 e5 62. dxe5 Bxe5 63. Kd3 d4 $1 64. exd4 Bd6 65. Nc2 f4) 60... a4 {
The encirclement goes on.} 61. Ne1 Bg5 62. Nc2 Bf6 $1 63. Kd3 ({
If the white king stays on e2, Black wins by} 63. b5 Bd8 64. Ne1 Ba5 65. Nc2
Kg4 66. Ne1 Bc7 67. Nc2 Bb6 $1 68. Nb4 f4 {(Smyslov).}) 63... Kf2 64. Na1 Bd8
65. Nc2 Bg5 $1 66. b5 Bd8 67. Nb4 ({The pointe is} 67. Kxc3 Ke2 $1) 67... Bb6
68. Nc2 Ba5 69. Nb4 Ke1 ({Black completes the encirclement with} 69... Ke1 70.
Nc2+ Kd1 71. Na1 Kc1 72. Nc2 Kb2 {and he wins a second pawn.  This game broke
Botvinnik's resistance. Smyslov became the seventh world champion.}) 0-1

[Event "Smyslov"]
[Site "Moscow 1947"]
[Date "1921.??.??"]
[Round "4"]
[White "Tsvetkov, Alexander"]
[Black "Smyslov, Vasily"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "B08"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "128"]
[EventDate "1921.??.??"]

1. e4 d6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 g6 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. Be2 O-O 6. O-O b6 7. Be3 Bb7 8. Nd2
e5 9. d5 Ne8 10. Nc4 Nd7 11. Qd2 Kh8 12. f4 exf4 13. Rxf4 Qe7 14. Raf1 Kg8 15.
R4f2 Ne5 16. Bg5 f6 17. Bh6 Bxh6 18. Qxh6 Rd8 19. Nd2 c5 20. Qh4 Bc8 21. h3 Rf7
22. Nd1 Ng7 23. Ne3 f5 24. Qg3 Rdf8 25. exf5 Nxf5 26. Nxf5 Rxf5 27. Nc4 Nxc4
28. Bxc4 Rxf2 29. Rxf2 Qe1+ 30. Bf1 Rxf2 31. Qxf2 Qe5 32. Qe2 Qd4+ 33. Kh2 Kf8
34. c4 Bf5 35. g4 Bb1 36. a3 Be4 37. Kg3 Qe5+ 38. Kf2 Qf4+ 39. Ke1 Kg7 40. Qd2
Qe5 41. Qc3 Qxc3+ 42. bxc3 {I regard some endgames of Smyslov as 'ultra
modern'. They have several phases with different material and an interesting
content.  He starts in this bishop ending with three advantages: the good
bishop, a favourable pawn structure and more central king.} 42... g5 $1 {
Pawns are fixed on the colour of the bishops.} 43. Kf2 Kf6 44. Ke3 Ke5 45. Be2
Bc2 {If the bishop goes to h3, imprisonment follows.} 46. Kd2 Bb1 47. Ke3 h6 $1
{No hurry is needed.} 48. Bf3 Bc2 49. Be2 a6 50. Kd2 Ba4 51. Ke3 b5 {
The positional advantage is changed into a material plus.} 52. cxb5 axb5 53.
Bf3 (53. c4 bxc4 54. Bxc4 Be8 {also leads to the loss of pawn d5.}) 53... Bb3
54. Be2 Bc4 $1 {Smyslov has made excellent calculations.} 55. Bxc4 bxc4 {
The second phase consists of a pawn ending.} 56. a4 Kxd5 57. a5 Kc6 58. Ke4 d5+
59. Ke5 d4 60. cxd4 c3 61. d5+ Kd7 $1 {The mating net closes.} 62. a6 c2 63. a7
c1=Q 64. a8=Q Qf4# {A wonderful finish.} 0-1

[Event "Smyslov"]
[Site "Garga 1953"]
[Date "1921.??.??"]
[Round "5"]
[White "Smyslov, Vasily"]
[Black "Keres, Paul"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "A27"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "183"]
[EventDate "1921.??.??"]

1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 g6 3. Nf3 Bg7 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Nc6 6. Nxc6 bxc6 7. g3 Rb8 8.
Bg2 Rb4 9. Qd3 Qf6 10. Qe3+ Ne7 11. Qxa7 Rxc4 12. O-O O-O 13. e4 d5 14. exd5
cxd5 15. Nxd5 Nxd5 16. Bxd5 Bh3 17. Rd1 Rc2 18. Be3 c6 19. Be4 Rc4 20. Bh1 Qxb2
21. Rab1 Qc2 22. Rdc1 Qd3 23. Rxc4 Qxc4 24. Rc1 Rd8 25. Bf3 Qb5 26. Qe7 Rc8 27.
Rd1 h5 28. Qh4 Be6 29. a4 Qa5 30. Bd2 Qf5 31. Be4 Qc5 32. Be3 Qa5 33. Bc2 Qc3
34. Rd8+ Rxd8 35. Qxd8+ Kh7 36. Qd2 Qa1+ 37. Qd1 Qxd1+ 38. Bxd1 Bc3 {
White has the distant passed pawn in an endgame with four bishops.} 39. Bc5 Bd5
{Black's passed pawn is blockaded and protected.} 40. f4 Ba5 41. Kf2 Kg7 42.
Bd4+ Kf8 43. Bf3 {Exchange increases the advantage.} 43... Bxf3 ({
A serious alternative is} 43... Ke7 $5 44. Bxd5 cxd5 {Black has more control
over the centre and square c6 becomes available for the king.}) 44. Bc5+ Ke8
45. Kxf3 Kd7 46. Ke4 Ke6 47. Be3 Kd6 48. Kd4 Bb6+ $5 {
Black starts a wrong plan.} 49. Kd3 Bxe3 $6 ({Slightly better is} 49... Bd8 50.
Kc4 Kc7) 50. Kxe3 {The second phase consists of a pawn ending. Exchanges have
increased the advantage of the distant passed pawn.} 50... Kc5 51. a5 $1 f6 $1
{An immediate exchange is horrible.} 52. h3 g5 53. f5 Kb5 54. Kd4 h4 55. g4 {
The pawn structure has been stabilised.} 55... c5+ 56. Kd5 c4 57. a6 c3 58. a7
c2 59. a8=Q c1=Q {The third phase is a queen ending.} 60. Qe8+ Kb4 61. Qe7+ Kb3
62. Qb7+ Ka2 63. Qa6+ Kb1 64. Qb5+ Ka1 65. Qa4+ Kb1 66. Qb4+ Ka1 67. Qd4+ Kb1
68. Qb4+ Ka1 69. Qd4+ Kb1 {The battle restarts.} 70. Ke6 $1 Qc6+ 71. Kf7 Qf3
72. Kxf6 Qxh3 73. Kxg5 Qh1 {Black has taken his final chance.} 74. Qb4+ Ka1 75.
Qa5+ Kb1 76. Qb5+ Ka1 77. Qe5+ Ka2 78. f6 h3 79. f7 h2 80. Qe6+ Ka1 81. Qf6+
Ka2 82. Qa6+ Kb2 83. Qb5+ Ka1 84. Qa4+ Kb1 85. Qb3+ Ka1 86. Qc3+ Kb1 87. Qd3+
Ka1 88. Qd4+ Kb1 89. Qd3+ Ka1 90. f8=Q Qc1+ 91. Kf5 h1=Q {
The fourth phase with four queens lasts one move.} 92. Qf6+ {
White delivers mate in two.} 1-0

[Event "Smyslov"]
[Site "'64' 1936"]
[Date "1921.??.??"]
[Round "6"]
[White "Smyslov, Vasily"]
[Black "?"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "k7/p7/P5Pp/K4P1P/3p3P/3P4/ppBN1b2/8 w - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "17"]
[EventDate "1921.??.??"]

{White has to restrict the future queen.} 1. Bb1 $1 ({Grave errors are} 1. Nb1
$2 a1=Q+ 2. Kb5 Qa2) ({and} 1. g7 $2 a1=Q+ 2. Kb5 Qg1) 1... a1=Q+ 2. Kb5 Bg3 $1
(2... Qa3 3. g7 {does not stop the promotion.}) 3. g7 Bb8 $1 4. g8=B $3 {
White avoids stalemate and threatens mate in one.} (4. g8=Q $2 Qa4+ 5. Kxa4 {
leads to stalemate.}) 4... Bf4 5. Bga2 Bxd2 6. f6 $1 Bf4 7. f7 Bd6 8. Kc6 Bf8
9. Kc7 {A bishop delivers mate after all.} 1-0

[Event "Bronstein"]
[Site "Miskolc 1963"]
[Date "1924.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Brzozka, Stefan"]
[Black "Bronstein, David"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "A88"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "140"]
[EventDate "1924.??.??"]

{Bronstein (1924) is a great attacker. He shows his tactical talent in the
next endgame.} 1. c4 f5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. g3 g6 4. Bg2 Bg7 5. O-O O-O 6. d4 d6 7.
Nc3 c6 8. Qc2 Kh8 9. b3 Na6 10. Bb2 Nc7 11. Rad1 Bd7 12. e3 Qe8 13. Rfe1 Rd8
14. Rd2 Nh5 15. d5 Qf7 16. dxc6 bxc6 17. Ne2 c5 18. Nf4 Nf6 19. Ng5 Qg8 20. Bc3
Rde8 21. Ba5 Ne6 22. Ngxe6 Bxe6 23. Nxe6 Qxe6 24. Qd3 Ne4 25. Qd5 Qxd5 26. Rxd5
Bc3 27. Bxc3+ Nxc3 28. Rd2 {The endgame starts with a quiet position.} 28...
Ne4 29. Rb2 a5 {Black plans a minority attack.} 30. f3 Nf6 31. Kf2 Rb8 32. Ke2
Rb6 33. Kd3 e5 34. f4 $6 e4+ {Black closes the centre. White can only defend.}
35. Kc3 Kg7 36. Bf1 h5 37. h4 {White wants to draw and closes the kingside.}
37... Rfb8 38. Be2 a4 39. Reb1 a3 40. Rd2 Kf7 41. Rbd1 Ke7 42. Rd5 $5 {
White builds a strange fortress.} 42... Ne8 43. R1d2 Nc7 44. Bd1 Na6 45. Bc2 $2
{The right plan is executed in the wrong way.} ({Correct is} 45. Kc2 $1 Nb4+
46. Kb1 {The bishop protects b3 and a rook prevents ..d5.}) 45... Nb4 46. Bb1
Ra6 $3 {The closed position is opened in a wonderful manner.} 47. Rd1 Nxd5+ 48.
Rxd5 Rxb3+ $3 {Otherwise White plays 49.Bc2.} 49. Kxb3 ({
The pointe of move 46 is} 49. axb3 a2 50. Bxa2 Rxa2 51. Rd2 Ra1 52. Rg2 Ke6 {
White has to lose a pawn (Bronstein).}) 49... Rb6+ 50. Kc2 Rb2+ 51. Kc1 Re2 52.
Rd1 Rxe3 53. Rg1 Rc3+ 54. Kd2 Rxc4 {
Black has three connected passed pawns for the bishop.} 55. Bc2 d5 56. Rb1 d4
57. Bd1 $1 {Square e2 gets extra protection.} 57... Rc3 58. Rb3 ({
The counteraction} 58. Rb7+ Kd6 59. Rb6+ Kd5 60. Rxg6 c4 61. Bxh5 e3+ 62. Kd1
Rd3+ 63. Ke1 Rd2 $1 64. Bf3+ Kc5 65. Rc6+ Kb5 66. Bd5 d3 67. Rxc4 Rb2 {
leads to a black victory.}) 58... e3+ 59. Ke2 Rc1 60. Rxa3 c4 {
Black threatens 61...d3+.} 61. Ra7+ (61. Ra4 $1 Kd6 62. a3 $1 {
closes b4 as entrance for the black king.} 62... Kc5 {Checks begin:} 63. Ra5+
Kb6 64. Ra4 Kb5 $1 65. Rb4+ Kc5 66. Ba4 $1 Ra1 {A second series begin:} 67.
Rb5+ Kd6 68. Rb6+ Ke7 69. Rb7+ Kf6 {The king is on its way to h6.} 70. Bb5 $1 {
White tries something different.} 70... Ra2+ 71. Ke1 Rb2 $1 ({avoids} 71... d3
$4 72. Rf7+ $1) 72. Ba6 Rxb7 73. Bxb7 c3 74. Kd1 d3 {Black wins.}) 61... Kd6
62. Ba4 Rh1 63. Rd7+ Kc5 64. Rc7+ Kb4 65. a3+ $1 Kc3 $1 66. Bb5 Rh2+ 67. Kf1 d3
68. Rxc4+ Kb2 69. Kg1 e2 70. Kxh2 e1=Q {
The connected passed pawns could not be stopped.} 0-1

[Event "Bronstein"]
[Site "W Ch Moscow 1951"]
[Date "1924.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Botvinnik, Mikhail"]
[Black "Bronstein, David"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D71"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "113"]
[EventDate "1924.??.??"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. g3 c6 4. Bg2 d5 5. cxd5 cxd5 6. Nc3 Bg7 7. Nh3 Bxh3 8.
Bxh3 Nc6 9. Bg2 e6 10. e3 O-O 11. Bd2 Rc8 12. O-O Nd7 13. Ne2 Qb6 14. Bc3 Rfd8
15. Nf4 Nf6 16. Qb3 Ne4 17. Qxb6 axb6 18. Be1 Na5 19. Nd3 Bf8 20. f3 Nd6 21.
Bf2 Bh6 22. Rac1 Nac4 23. Rfe1 Na5 24. Kf1 Bg7 25. g4 Nc6 26. b3 Nb5 27. Ke2
Bf8 28. a4 Nc7 29. Bg3 Na6 30. Bf1 f6 31. Red1 Na5 32. Rxc8 Rxc8 33. Rc1 Rxc1
34. Nxc1 {
Bronstein needs a draw on the road to the world championship. He will fail.}
34... Ba3 35. Kd1 Bxc1 $5 {
The exchange diminishes the white chances on the queenside.} 36. Kxc1 Nxb3+ {
The extra pawn has little importance.} 37. Kc2 Na5 38. Kc3 Kf7 39. e4 f5 $2 {
A grave positional blunder is made. Weak pawns will become targets for the
pair of bishops.} (39... Nc6 {restricts the bishops.}) 40. gxf5 gxf5 41. Bd3
Kg6 42. Bd6 $2 ({The expected resumption from the adjourned position is} 42.
Bb1 $1 dxe4 43. fxe4 Kg5 44. exf5 exf5) 42... Nc6 43. Bb1 Kf6 $2 (43... Na7 $1
44. exd5 exd5 45. Ba2 b5 {achieves a draw (Botvinnik).}) 44. Bg3 $1 fxe4 ({
Botvinnik found at 8AM} 44... Nab4 45. Be5+ Kg6 46. Bd6 Na6 47. exd5 exd5 48.
Ba2) 45. fxe4 h6 46. Bf4 h5 47. exd5 exd5 48. h4 Nab8 49. Bg5+ Kf7 50. Bf5 $2 (
50. Bc2 $1 Na7 51. Bd1 Kg6 52. Bf3 {White conquers the centre.}) 50... Na7 51.
Bf4 Nbc6 52. Bd3 Nc8 $2 ({Botvinnik regards the game as won, but} 52... Ne7 $1
53. Bc7 Ke6 54. Bxb6 Nac6 55. Be2 Nf5 {draws.}) 53. Be2 Kg6 54. Bd3+ $6 {
Botvinnik repeats position in order to pass the time control.} 54... Kf6 55.
Be2 Kg6 $6 ({A chance gives} 55... Kf5 $1) 56. Bf3 N6e7 57. Bg5 $1 {The game en
ds with zugzwang.  Why did Bronstein fail? Jack Dempsey once said: "You have
to knockdown that guy in front of thousands of people!" David could not do
that in the Tchaikovsky Concert Hall.  The match ended with 12-12 (+5, =10, -5)
. Botvinnik kept the title by strong willpower.} ({Smyslov analyses} 57. Bg5
Nc6 58. Bxd5 Nd6 59. Bf3 Kf5 60. Bc1 $1) 1-0

[Event "Benko"]
[Site "1st pr. Magyar Sakkelet 1981"]
[Date "1928.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Benkoe, Pal"]
[Black "?"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "4K3/4P3/7k/8/2B4P/8/8/7r w - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "15"]
[EventDate "1928.??.??"]

{Pal Benkoe was a strong over-the-board player. He became a composer of
endgame studies.} 1. Be6 $1 {
Black would like to give his rook for pawn e7. White blocks the e-file.} ({
The white king takes the wrong direction in} 1. Kf7 $2 Re1 2. Be6 Rf1+ 3. Kg8
Rg1+ 4. Kh8 Rg7 $1 5. e8=Q (5. e8=R $1 Rf7 $1 {Black threatens ..Rf4.} 6. Bg4 (
6. Bxf7 {stalemate}) 6... Rh7+ 7. Kg8 Rg7+) 5... Rh7+ 6. Kg8 Rh8+ 7. Kxh8 {
stalemate.}) 1... Kg7 (1... Rd1 {Black prevents Kd7.} 2. h5 $1 Kg7 3. h6+ Kh7 (
3... Kxh6 4. Kf8 Rf1+ 5. Kg8 Rg1+ 6. Kh8 {and Black has no stalemate}) 4. Bf5+
Kg8 5. h7+ Kg7 6. h8=Q+ Kxh8 7. Kf7 Re1 8. Be6 Rf1+ 9. Kg6) 2. Kd7 $1 Rd1+ 3.
Kc6 Rc1+ 4. Kd5 $1 {The king changes his direction.} 4... Rd1+ 5. Ke5 $1 Re1+
6. Kf5 Rf1+ 7. Kg5 Rg1+ ({Or} 7... Rf8 8. exf8=Q+ Kxf8 9. Kf6) 8. Kh5 {
The safe haven has been reached.} 1-0

[Event "Benko"]
[Site "1st pr. Magyar Sakkelet 1986"]
[Date "1928.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Benkoe, Pal"]
[Black "?"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "8/4K3/8/2pk4/5R2/2Pn4/8/8 w - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "15"]
[EventDate "1928.??.??"]

{White has to occupy c4.} 1. c4+ ({Insufficient is} 1. Rh4 $2 Nb2 2. Kd7 c4 3.
Rh5+ (3. Kc7 Na4 4. Rh3 Nxc3 $1) 3... Ke4 4. Kc6 Nd1 5. Rh3 Kf5 6. Kc5 Kg4 $1)
1... Ke5 2. Rg4 $1 ({Not} 2. Rh4 $2 Ne1 $1 ({the try is} 2... Nb2 $2 3. Kd7
Nxc4 4. Rxc4 Kd5 {A study by Reti has arisen.} 5. Rc2 c4 6. Rc1 $1) 3. Kd7 Nf3
$1 4. Rg4 Kf5) 2... Nb2 3. Rh4 $1 {Zugzwang.} 3... Nxc4 $1 4. Rxc4 Kd5 5. Rc1
$1 c4 6. Kd7 {It is Reti again.} 6... Kc5 7. Kc7 Kd4 8. Kb6 {
Reworking famous material leads to a post modern study.} 1-0

[Event "Petrosian"]
[Site "Curacao 1962"]
[Date "1929.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Fischer, Bobby"]
[Black "Petrosian, Tigran"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C12"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "85"]
[EventDate "1929.??.??"]

{A great prophylactic player was Tigran Petrosian (1929-1984).} 1. e4 e6 2. d4
d5 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Bb4 $5 5. e5 h6 6. Bd2 Bxc3 7. Bxc3 Ne4 8. Ba5 O-O 9. Bd3
Nc6 10. Bc3 Nxc3 11. bxc3 f6 12. f4 fxe5 13. fxe5 Ne7 14. Nf3 c5 15. O-O Qa5
16. Qe1 Bd7 17. c4 $1 Qxe1 18. Rfxe1 dxc4 19. Be4 cxd4 20. Bxb7 Rab8 21. Ba6
Rb4 22. Rad1 {Black has to return the extra pawn.} 22... d3 $1 ({
No winning chance gives} 22... Ra4 23. Rxd4 $1) 23. cxd3 cxd3 24. Rxd3 Bc6 25.
Rd4 Rxd4 26. Nxd4 Bd5 {Fischer has to protect his weak pawns.} 27. a4 $2 ({
White narrowly escapes in} 27. Bd3 $1 Bxa2 28. Ra1 Rd8 29. Rxa2 Rxd4 30. Rxa7
Nc6 31. Ra6 Rxd3 32. Rxc6 Kf7 33. Rc7+ Kg6 34. Re7) 27... Rf4 $1 28. Rd1 Ng6
29. Bc8 Kf7 30. a5 Nxe5 31. a6 Rg4 32. Rd2 Nc4 33. Rf2+ Ke7 34. Nb5 Nd6 35.
Nxd6 ({Or} 35. Nxa7 Rc4 36. Bb7 Nxb7 37. axb7 Bxb7) 35... Kxd6 36. Bb7 Bxb7 37.
axb7 Kc7 38. h3 Rg5 39. Rb2 Kb8 40. Kf2 Rd5 41. Ke3 Rd7 42. Ke4 Rxb7 43. Rf2 {
Petrosian applied the modern strategy wonderfully.} 0-1

[Event "Petrosian"]
[Site "Amsterdam 1956"]
[Date "1929.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Petrosian, Tigran"]
[Black "Geller, Efim"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D34"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "145"]
[EventDate "1929.??.??"]

1. c4 c5 2. g3 Nc6 3. Bg2 Nf6 4. Nf3 e6 5. O-O d5 6. cxd5 exd5 7. d4 Be7 8. Nc3
O-O 9. Bf4 cxd4 10. Nxd4 Qb6 11. Nxc6 bxc6 12. Qc2 Be6 13. Be3 Qa5 14. Qa4 Qxa4
15. Nxa4 Nd7 {
Black threatens to advance the backward c-pawn. White prevents the plan.} 16.
Rfd1 Rfc8 17. b3 ({More obvious is} 17. Rac1 $1) 17... Ba3 18. Bd4 Bg4 19. Rd2
Re8 20. e3 Bf5 21. Bb2 Bxb2 22. Rxb2 Nb6 $6 23. Nc5 $1 {
The weak pawn is blockaded.} 23... a5 24. Rc1 Rec8 $2 {
Black allows an attack in the centre.} 25. e4 $1 Bg6 {
Exchange weakens the c-pawn.} 26. f4 f6 27. Bh3 Rcb8 ({Petrosian has calculated
} 27... Re8 $6 28. Be6+ Bf7 29. Bxf7+ Kxf7 30. Nb7 $1) 28. e5 fxe5 29. fxe5 a4
30. bxa4 Nc4 31. Rxb8+ Rxb8 32. e6 Rb1 33. Rxb1 Bxb1 {
White's passed pawns seem to have little strength.} 34. Bf1 $1 Nd6 {
If Black allows the exchange of his knight, he loses at once.} (34... Na5 35.
Nb3) 35. a3 Kf8 36. a5 Nc8 37. Kf2 Ke7 38. Ke3 Kd6 39. Kd4 Bf5 40. Be2 Na7 {
White blockades two passed pawns. Petrosian applies the ideas of Nimzowitsch.}
41. a6 Bh3 ({Bondarevsky analyses} 41... Bxe6 42. Nxe6 c5+ 43. Nxc5 Nc6+ 44.
Ke3 Kxc5 45. a4 {White has a decisive advantage.}) 42. a4 Nc8 ({
Lilienthal investigates} 42... g6 43. g4 Bg2 44. Ke3 Nc8 45. Kf2 Bh1 46. Kg1
Be4 47. Nxe4+ dxe4 48. Bc4 {and the win has been achieved elegantly.}) 43. Nb7+
Kxe6 44. Kc5 Kd7 45. Na5 Kc7 46. Nxc6 Nb6 47. Bb5 Nd7+ {
Black sets a trap in a lost position.} 48. Kxd5 $2 {
Petrosian misses his usual prudence.} (48. Kd4 {wins easily.}) 48... Bg2+ 49.
Ke6 Bxc6 50. Bxc6 Kxc6 51. a7 Nb6 $2 ({Correct is} 51... Nc5+ $1 52. Kf7 Kb7
53. Kxg7 Ne4 54. Kxh7 Nd2 $1 55. h4 Ne4 {
The knight will be given for the two kingside pawns.}) 52. a5 Na8 53. Kf7 $6 {
White loses time.} (53. h4 $1 Kb7 54. Kf7 g5 $1 55. h5 $1 $18) 53... g5 $1 54.
Kf6 g4 55. Kg5 Kb7 56. Kxg4 Nc7 57. Kg5 Nd5 58. h3 $5 (58. Kh6 $2 Ne3 $1 {
draws (Euwe).}) (58. g4 $1 Ne3 59. h3 $1 Nd1 60. h4 $1 {wins more quickly.})
58... Nc3 59. g4 Ne4+ 60. Kf5 Ng3+ 61. Kf4 Ne2+ 62. Ke3 Nc3 63. g5 Nd5+ 64. Ke4
Ne7 65. Kf4 Nd5+ ({Or} 65... Ng6+ 66. Kg4 Ne5+ 67. Kg3 $1 Nc6 68. h4 $1) 66.
Kf3 Ne7 67. h4 $1 Kxa7 68. Kf4 Ng6+ 69. Kg4 Ne7 70. h5 $1 Ka6 71. Kf4 Kxa5 72.
Ke5 Kb6 73. Ke6 {Black lacks one tempo.} (73. Ke6 Ng8 74. Kf7 {
dominates the knight.}) 1-0

[Event "Petrosian"]
[Site "Bled 1961"]
[Date "1929.??.??"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Petrosian, Tigran"]
[Black "Bertok, Mario"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "E85"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "123"]
[EventDate "1929.??.??"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. Nc3 g6 4. e4 Bg7 5. f3 O-O 6. Be3 e5 7. Nge2 Nc6 8. d5
Ne7 9. g4 c5 10. h4 Nd7 11. Ng3 Re8 12. Bd3 a6 13. h5 Nf8 14. Qd2 Bd7 15. a4
Nc8 16. Kf2 f6 17. a5 Re7 18. Rhb1 Be8 19. h6 Bh8 20. Na4 Rc7 21. b4 Bxa4 22.
Rxa4 Nd7 23. b5 Nf8 24. Ra2 Rf7 25. Rab2 axb5 26. Rxb5 b6 27. axb6 Rb7 28. Bf1
Rxb6 29. Rxb6 Nxb6 30. Qb2 Na4 31. Qc1 Nd7 32. Ra1 Nab6 33. Rxa8 Qxa8 34. Qc2
Kf7 35. Ne2 Qa4 36. Qxa4 Nxa4 {Black has a bishop of the sad figure.} 37. Ng3 {
This move makes the advance of black's g- or f-pawn unfavourable. White starts
activity on the queenside after the consolidation of the kingside.} 37... Ndb6
38. Bc1 Nc3 39. Ke1 Ke7 40. Kd2 Nca4 41. Kc2 Nc8 42. Kb3 Nab6 43. Bh3 $1 ({
More natural looks} 43. Bd3 {but the bishop remains inactive in that case.})
43... Kd7 44. Bd2 Ne7 {
Black stops the intruders easily, although his bishop has no positional value.}
45. g5+ $1 {This a-positional move is necessary for strategic reasons. White
opens a second front.} 45... Ke8 46. Ba5 Nec8 {
The knights are needed for the defence of the queenside.} 47. Nh1 {
The plan is to play Be6 and Nf2-g4.} 47... fxg5 {
Black complies and activates his bishop.} 48. Nf2 Bf6 49. Bg4 Bd8 50. Nh3 Bf6
51. Bd2 Ne7 52. Nxg5 Bxg5 {The bishop has done its duty.} 53. Bxg5 {
Black can do very little.} 53... Kf7 54. Bd2 {
Petrosian chooses the positional solution.} ({
The fortress is conquered faster by} 54. f4 $1 exf4 55. Bxf4 Nec8 56. Bxc8 Nxc8
57. Ka4) 54... Nec8 55. Bxc8 Nxc8 56. Bg5 $1 {
A counteraction on the kingside is avoided by consolidation.} 56... Nb6 57. Bd8
Nc8 58. Ka4 Ke8 59. Bg5 Kd7 60. Kb5 Kc7 61. Ka6 Nb6 62. Bd8+ $1 {
The exchanges lead to a won pawn ending.} 1-0

[Event "Petrosian"]
[Site "W Ch Moscow 1963"]
[Date "1929.??.??"]
[Round "4"]
[White "Petrosian, Tigran"]
[Black "Botvinnik, Mikhail"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D94"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "95"]
[EventDate "1929.??.??"]

{Petrosian played Botvinnik for the world championship. He gave lessons in
endgame strategy.} 1. c4 g6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. e3 O-O 6. Be2
dxc4 7. Bxc4 c5 8. d5 e6 9. dxe6 Qxd1+ 10. Kxd1 Bxe6 11. Bxe6 fxe6 {
The endgame has been reached.} 12. Ke2 Nc6 13. Rd1 Rad8 (13... h6 $1 {
achieves a plus.}) 14. Rxd8 Rxd8 {
Exchange has decreased black's plus by a greater mobility.} 15. Ng5 Re8 16.
Nge4 Nxe4 17. Nxe4 b6 18. Rb1 Nb4 {
White has made a small success by placing a knight in the centre.} 19. Bd2 $1
Nd5 {Black also moves a knight to the centre.} (19... Nxa2 $2 20. Ra1 Nb4 21.
Bxb4 cxb4 22. Rxa7 Bxb2 23. Rb7 {favours White (Petrosian).}) 20. a4 Rc8 21. b3
Bf8 22. Rc1 Be7 23. b4 $1 {
White can start a minority attack by his active pieces.} 23... c4 24. b5 $1 Kf7
$2 {Black will lose the c-pawn eventually.} ({Correct is} 24... Ba3 25. Rc2 c3
$1 26. Bxc3 Bb4 27. Kd2 Rc4 28. Bxb4 Rxe4 29. Bd6 Rxa4 {(Averbakh).}) 25. Bc3
$1 {The passed pawn is blockaded.} 25... Ba3 26. Rc2 Nxc3+ 27. Rxc3 Bb4 28. Rc2
Ke7 ({Better is} 28... e5 29. Nd2 c3 30. Ne4 Ke6 {(Tal)} 31. Kd3 Rd8+ 32. Kc4
Rd2 33. Kb3 Rxc2 34. Kxc2 Kd5 35. Nxc3+ Kc4 36. Ne4 Be7 37. g3 Kb4 38. Kd3 Kxa4
39. Kc4 {White has the advantage of the central position.}) 29. Nd2 $1 c3 30.
Ne4 Ba5 31. Kd3 Rd8+ 32. Kc4 Rd1 33. Nxc3 Rh1 $6 {
Exchange of minor pieces is better.} 34. Ne4 $1 Rxh2 35. Kd4 $1 {
The centre has been conquered.} 35... Kd7 {
Absolute control of the seventh rank by the rook has been prevented.} 36. g3
Bb4 37. Ke5 Rh5+ 38. Kf6 Be7+ 39. Kg7 $1 {
The central position of the king has been utilised for an invasion.} 39... e5
40. Rc6 $1 Rh1 41. Kf7 Ra1 42. Re6 $1 Bd8 43. Rd6+ Kc8 44. Ke8 $1 Bc7 45. Rc6
Rd1 ({Or} 45... Rxa4 46. Nc3 {and 47.Nd5.}) 46. Ng5 Rd8+ 47. Kf7 Rd7+ 48. Kg8 {
The first lesson showed the centre strategy.} 1-0

[Event "Petrosian"]
[Site "W Ch Moscow 1963"]
[Date "1929.??.??"]
[Round "5"]
[White "Botvinnik, Mikhail"]
[Black "Petrosian, Tigran"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "D31"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "122"]
[EventDate "1929.??.??"]

1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Be7 4. cxd5 exd5 5. Bf4 c6 6. e3 Bf5 7. g4 Be6 8. h3
Nf6 9. Nf3 Nbd7 10. Bd3 Nb6 11. Qc2 Nc4 12. Kf1 Nd6 13. Nd2 Qc8 14. Kg2 Nd7 15.
f3 g6 16. Rac1 Nb6 17. b3 Qd7 18. Ne2 Ndc8 19. a4 a5 20. Bg3 Bd6 21. Nf4 Ne7
22. Nf1 h5 23. Be2 h4 24. Bh2 g5 25. Nd3 Qc7 26. Qd2 Nd7 27. Bg1 Ng6 28. Bh2
Ne7 29. Bd1 b6 30. Kg1 f6 31. e4 Bxh2+ 32. Qxh2 Qxh2+ 33. Rxh2 {
Black has a plus because his bishop is more active.} 33... Rd8 34. Kf2 $2 ({
The immediate} 34. Rd2 {saves two tempi (see the moves 35 and 37).}) 34... Kf7
35. Ke3 Rhe8 36. Rd2 Kg7 37. Kf2 dxe4 38. fxe4 {
The centre pawns become a target.} 38... Nf8 39. Ne1 Nfg6 ({Timman prefers} 
39... Bf7 $1 {
followed by ..Bg6 and ..Ne6 in order to pressure the centre pawns strongly.})
40. Ng2 Rd7 {Euwe already wrote about the vulnerability of two isolated centre
pawns in the twenties. Nevertheless Bronstein, Tal, Flohr and Botvinnik
evaluated the position as better for White.} 41. Bc2 $1 {
Square e4 is overprotected and square d1 becomes available for the bishop.}
41... Bf7 $1 42. Nfe3 c5 $1 {The preparatory move.} 43. d5 Ne5 44. Rf1 $2 {
A wrong strategic choice decides the match.} (44. Nc4 $1 {
reacts to the blockade with the same idea.} 44... Nxc4 45. bxc4 Bg6 46. Ne3 Nc8
47. Nf5+ $1 Bxf5 48. exf5 Rde7 {White is hopeless (Timman).} 49. Bd3 Re3 50.
Re2 $11 {But Black cannot progress.}) 44... Bg6 45. Ke1 Nc8 46. Rdf2 Rf7 47.
Kd2 Nd6 {Both players have completed their strategy. Botvinnik battles on the
half-open file and Petrosian has blockaded the centre.} 48. Nf5+ Bxf5 49. exf5
c4 $1 {The knights support the attack on the queenside.} 50. Rb1 b5 51. b4 c3+
$1 {An elegant decision.} 52. Kxc3 Rc7+ 53. Kd2 Nec4+ 54. Kd1 Na3 55. Rb2 Ndc4
56. Ra2 axb4 57. axb5 Nxb5 58. Ra6 Nc3+ 59. Kc1 Nxd5 60. Ba4 Rec8 61. Ne1 Nf4 {
Impressive prophylactic play has ended the opposition in the second strategic
lesson.} 0-1

[Event "Petrosian"]
[Site "W Ch Moscow 1963"]
[Date "1929.??.??"]
[Round "6"]
[White "Petrosian, Tigran"]
[Black "Botvinnik, Mikhail"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "E19"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "131"]
[EventDate "1929.??.??"]

{Both strategic lessons are repeated in the endgame.} 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 e6 3.
Nf3 b6 4. g3 Bb7 5. Bg2 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. d4 Ne4 8. Qc2 Nxc3 9. Qxc3 f5 10. b3
Bf6 11. Bb2 d6 12. Rad1 Nd7 13. Ne1 Bxg2 14. Nxg2 Bg5 15. Qc2 Bh6 16. e4 f4 17.
Ne1 Qe7 18. e5 dxe5 19. dxe5 Rad8 20. Qe2 Qg5 21. Kg2 a5 22. Nf3 Qh5 23. Ba3
Rfe8 24. Rd4 Nb8 25. Rfd1 Rxd4 26. Rxd4 fxg3 27. hxg3 Qf7 28. Qe4 g6 29. Qb7
Bg7 30. c5 bxc5 31. Bxc5 Nd7 32. Qxc7 Nxe5 33. Qxf7+ Nxf7 {
Black has two weak pawns. The a-pawn is most vulnerable.} 34. Ra4 Bc3 35. Rc4
$6 {Petrosian plays too hesistant.} ({A great battle gives} 35. Bd4 $1 Bxd4 36.
Nxd4 e5 37. Nc6 {and the attack on the queenside is decisive.}) 35... Bf6 36.
Bb6 Ra8 37. Ra4 Bc3 38. Bd4 Bb4 39. a3 Bd6 40. b4 Bc7 41. Bc3 Kf8 {
So far the strategy has been the struggle for a weak pawn.} 42. b5 $1 {
White switches to a strategy of restraint.} 42... Ke8 ({Horrible is} 42... Nd6
43. Bb4 $1 Ke7 44. Bc5 Rb8 45. Rh4 h5 (45... Rxb5 46. Rxh7+ Kd8 47. Nd4) 46. a4
{and White attacks on all fronts.}) 43. Rc4 Kd7 44. a4 {
The protected passed pawn restricts black's mobility.} 44... Rc8 45. Nd2 Nd6
46. Rd4 Ke7 47. Rd3 Nb7 $6 {The control over square e4 is given away.} 48. Ne4
$1 e5 49. Bb2 Bb6 50. Ba3+ Ke6 51. Ng5+ Kf5 52. Nxh7 e4 53. g4+ $6 ({
Even better is} 53. Rd5+ Ke6 54. Rg5) 53... Kf4 $1 54. Rd7 Rc7 55. Rxc7 Bxc7
56. Nf6 {Black has got chances due to the weakening of the g-pawn.} 56... Bd8 (
56... Bd6 {sets a trap. Black draws, if White exchanges.} 57. Bc1+ $1 Ke5 58.
Bb2+ Kf4 59. Bd4 Bc5 60. Bc3 Bd6 {The win is forced by a combination.} 61. Nd5+
$1 Kxg4 62. Ne3+ Kf4 63. Nc4) 57. Nd7 Kxg4 58. b6 Bg5 ({
An interesting alternative is} 58... Kf5 $5 59. Nc5 Bxb6 60. Nxb7 e3 61. fxe3
Bxe3 62. Nxa5 {Analysts mention drawing chances, but the position is won, if
White avoids the exchange of knights.}) 59. Nc5 Nxc5 60. Bxc5 Bf4 61. b7 Bb8
62. Be3 g5 63. Bd2 Kf5 64. Kh3 $1 Bd6 ({Similar to the game is} 64... g4+ 65.
Kh4 Ba7 66. Bxa5 Bxf2+ 67. Kh5 Bg3 68. Bb6) 65. Bxa5 g4+ 66. Kg2 {
Petrosian changed his strategy in order to achieve victory.} 1-0

[Event "Korchnoi"]
[Site "Kiev 1954"]
[Date "1931.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Korchnoi, Viktor"]
[Black "Livshin, Iosif"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D12"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "161"]
[EventDate "1931.??.??"]

{Korchnoi (1931) is one of the greatest fighters in the history of chess.} 1.
d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 d5 3. c4 c6 4. e3 Bf5 5. Bd3 Bxd3 6. Qxd3 e6 7. O-O Ne4 8. Nc3 f5
9. cxd5 cxd5 10. Ne5 Nxc3 11. bxc3 Nc6 12. c4 dxc4 13. Nxc4 b5 14. Nd2 a6 15.
a4 Rb8 16. Ba3 Bxa3 17. Qxa3 Kf7 18. Rfc1 Ne7 19. Nf3 Re8 20. Ne5+ Kg8 21. axb5
axb5 22. Rab1 Rb7 23. Rc5 Qd6 24. Nc4 Qb8 25. Qa6 Nd5 26. Rcxb5 Rxb5 27. Rxb5
Qa8 28. Qxa8 Rxa8 {
White has won a pawn. The first aim becomes to stay within the time control.}
29. g3 h6 30. h4 g5 31. hxg5 hxg5 32. Kg2 g4 33. Nd6 Rd8 34. Nc4 Ra8 35. Rb2
Ra1 36. Nd2 Rd1 37. Nc4 Ra1 38. Ne5 Kg7 39. Rb7+ Kf6 40. Rf7+ Kg5 {
The first goal has been achieved.} 41. Rg7+ Kf6 42. Rb7 $5 ({The alternative} 
42. Rg6+ Ke7 43. e4 fxe4 44. Rxg4 e3 {creates a passed pawn, but makes too
many exchanges. White sets a new goal: his king has to become mobile by an
exchange of rooks.}) 42... Ra2 43. Nd7+ Kg5 44. Rb3 Kg6 45. Rd3 Nb4 46. Rd1 Nc2
47. Kf1 Ra1 $4 {White gets his way freely.} ({Right is} 47... Nb4) 48. Rxa1
Nxa1 49. Ke2 {A conquest of the centre becomes the third goal.} 49... Nc2 50.
Ne5+ Kf6 51. Nc6 Na3 52. Kd3 Nb5 53. e4 $1 {
The thematic advance has been carried out.} 53... fxe4+ $2 {
The g-pawn will be lost.} (53... Nc7 54. e5+ $1 Kg5 (54... Kf7 55. Kc4 Ke8 56.
Kc5 Kd7 57. Nb4 {leads to zugzwang}) 55. Ne7 f4 56. Ke4 fxg3 57. fxg3 Ne8 58.
d5 exd5+ 59. Nxd5 Ng7 60. Nf4 Nf5 61. Ne2 Ng7 62. Kd5 Nf5 63. Ke6 {
The penetration by the king secures the win.}) 54. Kxe4 Nc3+ 55. Kf4 $1 Nd1 56.
Ne5 Ke7 ({Black might have missed} 56... Nxf2 57. Nxg4+) 57. Nxg4 Kd6 58. Ke4
Nc3+ 59. Kd3 Nb5 60. f4 Ke7 61. Ne5 Nd6 62. g4 Kf6 63. Ke3 Nb5 64. Nc6 Nc3 65.
g5+ Kg6 66. Kd3 Nd1 67. Ke4 Nf2+ 68. Ke3 Nd1+ 69. Kf3 Nc3 70. Ne5+ Kf5 71. Ng4
Kg6 72. Ne3 Kh5 73. Nf1 Kg6 74. Ng3 Kf7 75. Ke3 Kg6 76. Ne2 Nd5+ 77. Ke4 Ne7
78. Nc1 Nc6 79. Nd3 Kg7 80. Nc5 Kf7 {The last blow follows.} 81. Nxe6 $1 {
A long struggle has ended.} 1-0

[Event "Korchnoi"]
[Site "Wijk aan Zee 1968"]
[Date "1931.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Matanovic, Aleksandar"]
[Black "Korchnoi, Viktor"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C08"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "131"]
[EventDate "1931.??.??"]

1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nd2 c5 4. exd5 exd5 5. Ngf3 a6 6. dxc5 Bxc5 7. Nb3 Ba7 8.
Bd3 Qe7+ 9. Qe2 Nc6 10. O-O Bg4 11. h3 Bh5 12. Bf4 Qxe2 13. Bxe2 Nf6 14. c3 O-O
15. Rfe1 Rfe8 16. g4 Bg6 17. Bf1 Re4 18. Rxe4 Bxe4 19. Bg2 h5 20. g5 Nd7 21.
Rd1 Nf8 22. Be3 Bxe3 23. fxe3 Ne6 24. h4 Re8 25. Kf2 Ne7 26. Bh3 Bc2 27. Ra1
Ng6 28. Bxe6 fxe6 {Black dominates the centre.} 29. Kg3 e5 30. Nbd2 $2 ({
White has counter-play in the variation} 30. Nc5 Ne7 31. Nd7 Nf5+ 32. Kf2)
30... Ne7 31. Re1 Nf5+ 32. Kh3 Nd6 $1 {
Black controls square e4. White has to remain passively.} 33. Kg2 Kf7 34. Nf1
Ke6 35. Ng3 g6 36. Nd2 Rf8 37. Re2 b5 38. Rf2 $2 ({The time is ripe for} 38. e4
Rf4 39. exd5+ Kxd5 40. Nf3 e4 41. Rd2+ Bd3 42. Ne1 {White has fighting chances.
}) 38... Bf5 39. Kf1 Rc8 40. Ke1 a5 41. a3 b4 $1 {
A minority attack is carried out.} 42. axb4 axb4 43. Ne2 ({
The wonderful pointe is} 43. cxb4 Rc1+ 44. Ke2 Bg4+ 45. Kd3 e4+ 46. Kd4 Nb5# {
(Korchnoi).}) 43... Ra8 44. Nb3 Ne4 45. Rh2 Rb8 46. cxb4 Rxb4 47. Nbc1 Nd6 (
47... Rxb2 $4 48. Nd4+) 48. b3 $6 ({Better is} 48. Nc3) 48... Ne4 49. Ng1 Nc5
50. Kd1 Nxb3 {The knight manoeuvre has netted a pawn.} 51. Rb2 Rg4 52. Nce2 Na5
53. Rb6+ Ke7 54. Nf3 Nc4 55. Rb7+ Ke6 56. Ke1 Be4 57. Nd2 Nxd2 58. Rb6+ Kf7 59.
Rb7+ Kf8 60. Rb8+ Ke7 61. Rb7+ Ke8 62. Kxd2 Rxh4 63. Nc3 d4 64. Nxe4 Rxe4 65.
Rg7 Rxe3 66. Rxg6 {The fight for square e4 gave a great content to the game.}
0-1

[Event "Korchnoi"]
[Site "Candidates' final Moscow 1974"]
[Date "1931.??.??"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Korchnoi, Viktor"]
[Black "Karpov, Anatoly"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "A46"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "157"]
[EventDate "1931.??.??"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. Bg5 e6 3. e4 h6 4. Bxf6 Qxf6 5. Nf3 d6 6. Nc3 g6 7. Qd2 Qe7 $5 8.
O-O-O a6 9. h4 Bg7 10. g3 b5 11. Bh3 b4 12. Nd5 exd5 13. Bxc8 O-O 14. Bb7 Ra7
15. Bxd5 c6 16. Bb3 Qxe4 17. Qd3 Qxd3 18. Rxd3 Nd7 19. Re1 Nb6 20. a4 bxa3 21.
bxa3 a5 22. Rde3 Bf6 23. a4 c5 24. dxc5 dxc5 25. Nd2 Kg7 26. Rf3 Rc7 27. Nc4
Nxc4 28. Bxc4 Rd8 29. c3 Rcd7 30. Kc2 Rd2+ 31. Kb3 Rd1 32. Rxd1 Rxd1 {
White has the initiative.} 33. Bb5 $1 Rd5 34. Re3 Re5 35. Rd3 Re2 36. Rf3 Re5
$6 ({Botvinnik prefers} 36... Rd2 37. Kc4 Rc2 $1 38. Bc6 Rc1 39. Bd5 Rc2 40.
Kb5 Rxc3 41. Kxa5 Rxf3 42. Bxf3 c4 43. Kb4 c3 $11) 37. Kc4 Rf5 38. Rd3 Rxf2 39.
Kxc5 Be5 40. Kb6 $1 Rg2 41. c4 Rxg3 42. Rd7 $1 g5 43. hxg5 hxg5 44. c5 Rc3 45.
c6 g4 46. c7 g3 $1 47. Bc6 Bxc7+ 48. Rxc7 Kh6 ({The elegant variation} 48...
Rxc6+ $1 49. Rxc6 f5 50. Rc1 Kf6 51. Kxa5 f4 52. Rg1 Kf5 53. Kb4 Kg4 54. a5 f3
55. a6 f2 56. Ra1 g2 57. a7 g1=Q 58. a8=Q Qe1+ {draws (Konoplava).}) 49. Rc8 f5
50. Rf8 {Karpov nears a defeat in the difficult endgame.} 50... Rxc6+ $2 ({
The escape brings} 50... Kg5 $1 51. Ba8 f4 52. Kxa5 Rb3 $1 53. Bd5 Rb2 {
(Botvinnik).}) 51. Kxc6 Kg5 52. Rg8+ $1 Kf4 {The king blocks his pawn.} 53. Kb5
Kf3 54. Kxa5 f4 55. Kb4 Kg2 ({Or} 55... g2 56. Kc4 $1 Kf2 57. Kd4 $18) 56. a5
f3 57. a6 f2 58. a7 f1=Q 59. a8=Q+ {A check decides the game.} 59... Qf3 60.
Qa2+ {White has to avoid the exchange of queens.} 60... Qf2 61. Qd5+ Qf3 62.
Qd2+ Qf2 63. Kc3 Kg1 64. Qd1+ Kg2 65. Qd3 Qc5+ 66. Kb3 Qb6+ 67. Kc2 Qc6+ 68.
Kd2 Qh6+ 69. Qe3 Qh4 70. Rb8 Qf6 71. Rb6 Qf5 72. Rb2 Kh2 73. Qh6+ Kg1 74. Qb6+
Kh2 75. Qb8 Kh3 76. Qh8+ Kg4 77. Rb4+ Kf3 78. Qh1+ Kf2 79. Rb2 {
Karpov would win the final and become world champion.} 1-0

[Event "Korchnoi"]
[Site "W Ch Baguio City 1978"]
[Date "1931.??.??"]
[Round "4"]
[White "Karpov, Anatoly"]
[Black "Korchnoi, Viktor"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C82"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "122"]
[EventDate "1931.??.??"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5
Be6 9. c3 Nc5 10. Bc2 Bg4 11. Re1 Be7 12. Nbd2 Qd7 13. Nb3 Ne6 14. h3 Bh5 15.
Bf5 Ncd8 16. Be3 a5 17. Bc5 a4 18. Bxe7 Qxe7 19. Nbd2 c6 20. b4 Ng5 21. Qe2 g6
22. Bg4 Bxg4 23. hxg4 Nde6 24. Qe3 h5 25. Nxg5 Qxg5 26. Qxg5 Nxg5 27. gxh5 Rxh5
28. Nf1 {Korchnoi has the initiative.} 28... Rh4 29. Rad1 Ke7 30. f3 Ne6 31.
Ne3 Rd8 $1 {Doubling of the rooks on the h-file will have little effect.} 32.
Ng4 Ng5 33. Ne3 Ne6 34. Ng4 Ng7 35. Ne3 Nf5 36. Nc2 $1 {
If White exchanges the knight, he will be restricted.} 36... Rc4 37. Rd3 d4 $1
{Black opens the position with a temporary sacrifice.} 38. g4 Ng7 39. Nxd4 Ne6
40. Red1 Nxd4 41. cxd4 Rxb4 42. Kf2 c5 $1 {
Korchnoi sets a new problem with his sealed move.} 43. d5 $1 ({
The alternative is} 43. Ke3 $5 Rdxd4 $1 44. Rxd4 cxd4+ 45. Rxd4 Rb2 46. Ke4 a3
47. Rd5 $1) 43... Rb2+ 44. Kg3 $2 {
Karpov fails with his second move after the adjournment.} ({
The commentators overlook} 44. R3d2 $1 Rxd5 45. Rxb2 Rxd1 46. Rxb5 Rd2+ 47. Ke3
Rxa2 48. Rxc5 $11) 44... Rxa2 45. Re3 b4 46. e6 Ra3 47. Re2 ({Langeweg analyses
} 47. Rxa3 bxa3 48. exf7 Rb8 $1 49. Ra1 Rb3 50. Kf4 Kxf7 51. Ke5 Ke7 $1 52. d6+
Kd7 $19) 47... fxe6 48. Rxe6+ Kf7 49. Rde1 Rd7 $1 50. Rb6 Rd3 51. Ree6 R3xd5
52. Rxg6 a3 53. Rbf6+ Ke7 54. Re6+ Kf8 55. Ref6+ Ke7 56. Re6+ Kd8 57. Ra6 Rb7
58. Rg8+ Kc7 59. Rg7+ Rd7 60. Rg5 b3 61. Rxc5+ Kb8 {Korchnoi seemed to be
beaten in the match, but he fought back with an energetic game. The score
became 5-3.} 0-1

[Event "Korchnoi"]
[Site "W Ch Baguio City 1978"]
[Date "1931.??.??"]
[Round "5"]
[White "Korchnoi, Viktor"]
[Black "Karpov, Anatoly"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D36"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "141"]
[EventDate "1931.??.??"]

1. c4 e6 2. Nc3 d5 3. d4 Nf6 4. cxd5 exd5 5. Bg5 Be7 6. e3 O-O 7. Bd3 Nbd7 8.
Nf3 Re8 9. Qc2 c6 10. O-O Nf8 11. Bxf6 Bxf6 12. b4 Bg4 13. Nd2 Rc8 14. Bf5 Bxf5
15. Qxf5 Qd7 16. Qxd7 Nxd7 {
It seems to be drawn, but Korchnoi has just started.} 17. a4 Be7 18. Rfb1 Nf6
19. a5 a6 20. Na4 Bf8 21. Nc5 Re7 {The minority attack on the queenside ended.
Gaining territory becomes the new aim.} 22. Kf1 Ne8 23. Ke2 Nd6 24. Kd3 Rce8
25. Re1 g6 26. Re2 f6 27. Rae1 Bh6 28. Ndb3 Bf8 29. Nd2 Bh6 30. h3 Kf7 31. g4
Bf8 32. f3 Rd8 33. Ndb3 Nb5 34. Rf1 Bh6 35. f4 Bf8 36. Nd2 (36. f5 {
creates the strong square e6.}) 36... Nd6 37. Rfe1 h6 38. Rf1 Rb8 39. Ra1 Rbe8
40. Rae1 Rb8 $6 {Black allows an advance in the centre.} 41. e4 $1 dxe4+ 42.
Ndxe4 Nb5 43. Nc3 Rxe2 44. Rxe2 Bxc5 45. bxc5 Rd8 46. Nxb5 axb5 47. f5 $1 {
The fight for terrain continues in the rook ending. An adjournment follows.}
47... gxf5 48. gxf5 Rg8 $1 {Korchnoi and his seconds have prepared a surprise.}
49. Kc3 $1 ({The obvious} 49. d5 Rd8 50. d6 Re8 {draws quickly.}) 49... Re8 ({
Korchnoi analyses} 49... Rg3+ $5 50. Kb4 Rxh3 51. a6 $1 bxa6 52. d5 $1 Rh4+ $1
53. Ka5 cxd5 54. Rc2 d4 $1 55. c6 d3 56. c7 dxc2 57. c8=Q Rc4 58. Qe6+ Kf8 59.
Qxf6+ Ke8 60. Qe6+ Kd8 61. Qd6+ Kc8 62. Qxa6+ Kd8 {Black narrowly escapes.})
50. Rd2 Re4 $1 51. Kb4 Ke8 52. a6 $1 bxa6 53. Ka5 Kd7 54. Kb6 $1 b4 55. d5 cxd5
56. Rxd5+ Kc8 57. Rd3 $1 {
Korchnoi investigates this position in his book about rook endings.} 57... a5
$2 {Karpov makes a grave error.} ({Correct is} 57... Rc4 $1 58. c6 Rc3 59. Rd6
$5 b3 60. Rxf6 Kd8 {(Korchnoi).}) 58. Rg3 b3 $2 ({The variation} 58... Rc4 $2
59. c6 Kd8 60. c7+ Ke7 $1 61. Kb7 Kd6 $1 {draws, according to Timman. However,}
62. c8=Q Rxc8 63. Kxc8 {wins. See for instance} 63... Kc5 64. Kc7 a4 65. Rg6 $1
a3 66. Rxf6 b3 67. Rc6+ Kd5 68. f6 a2 69. Rd6+ $1 Ke5 70. f7 a1=Q 71. f8=Q Qa7+
72. Kc6 Qa6+ 73. Kd7 Qb7+ 74. Ke8 Qc8+ 75. Rd8) ({Best is} 58... Rd4 $1 59.
Kxa5 Kc7 60. Kb5 Rh4 $1 {and Black has excellent drawing chances.}) 59. Kc6 $1
{Karpov has missed this move.} 59... Kb8 (59... Kd8 60. Rxb3 a4 61. Rb8+ Ke7
62. Rb7+ Kd8 63. Kd6 Rd4+ 64. Ke6 $18 {(Korchnoi).}) 60. Rxb3+ Ka7 61. Rb7+ Ka6
62. Rb6+ Ka7 63. Kb5 a4 64. Rxf6 Rf4 65. Rxh6 a3 66. Ra6+ Kb8 67. Rxa3 Rxf5 68.
Rg3 Rf6 69. Rg8+ Kc7 70. Rg7+ Kc8 71. Rh7 {Korchnoi won the best endgame of
his career. The score had become 5-5. Tolya won the next game and kept the
title.} 1-0

[Event "Tal"]
[Site "Riga 1958"]
[Date "1936.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Tal, Mikhail"]
[Black "Taimanov, Mark"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "B43"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "149"]
[EventDate "1936.??.??"]

{Tal (1936-1992) was a fantastic attacker. He played a fine endgame, when his
health was okay.} 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 e6 3. Nc3 a6 4. g3 b5 5. d4 cxd4 6. Nxd4 Bb7
7. Bg2 Nf6 8. O-O Bb4 9. e5 Bxg2 10. Kxg2 Bxc3 11. bxc3 Nd5 12. Qg4 Kf8 13. f4
h5 14. Qf3 Nc6 15. f5 Nxd4 16. cxd4 Qc7 17. c4 bxc4 18. Ba3+ Kg8 19. Bd6 Qa7
20. Bc5 Qc7 21. Rac1 Qc6 22. Kg1 exf5 23. Rxc4 Rc8 24. Rfc1 Nb6 25. Qxc6 Rxc6 {
Tal has the initiative and the better pawn structure for a pawn.} 26. Rb4 {
Exchanges lead to equality.} 26... Rhh6 {
Protection and development are combined.} 27. Rcb1 Nd5 $1 (27... Nc8 28. Rb8 {
is unpleasant for Black.}) 28. Rb8+ Kh7 29. R1b7 Rc7 30. Rxc7 Nxc7 31. Rd8 Ne6
32. Rxd7 Nxc5 33. dxc5 {Black has returned the pawn for exchanges. The second
phase of the endgame consists of a rook ending. White has a passed pawn.} 33...
Re6 34. Rd5 f6 $2 ({Better is} 34... g5) 35. exf6 Rxf6 36. Rd6 $1 {
Tal has a trick.} 36... Kg6 37. Rb6 Kf7 38. Kf2 Re6 39. c6 Re4 40. Rxa6 f4 $1 {
White has gained a pawn during the time pressure. Black is able to exchange
pawns and analyse during the adjournment.} 41. Ra5 ({
The tactical justification shows} 41. Kf3 fxg3 $1) 41... fxg3+ 42. hxg3 h4 43.
Rc5 hxg3+ 44. Kxg3 Re8 {Black has to make one good move.} 45. Kf4 Ra8 $2 {
The experienced player failed to do proper homework} ({
Black can force a draw with} 45... g5+ $1 46. Kf5 (46. Rxg5 Rc8) (46. Kxg5 Ke6)
46... g4 $1 47. Rc3 Rg8 48. c7 Rc8 $11) (45... Ke6 $2 46. Re5+ Kf7 47. Rxe8
Kxe8 48. Ke5 Ke7 49. a4 g5 50. a5 g4 51. a6 g3 52. a7 g2 53. a8=Q g1=Q 54. Qb7+
{and a theoretical win.}) 46. Ke5 Ke7 47. Rd5 $1 Ra7 ({The pointe is} 47...
Rxa2 $2 48. Rd7+ Ke8 49. Kd6 $18) 48. a4 $1 g5 49. a5 g4 50. Rb5 g3 51. Rb7+
Rxb7 52. cxb7 g2 53. b8=Q g1=Q {
The third phase is a queen ending. Black draws according to the modern theory.}
54. Qc7+ Ke8 55. Qc8+ Ke7 56. Qc7+ Ke8 57. Kd6 Qd4+ 58. Kc6 Qe4+ 59. Kb6 Qb4+
$2 ({Correct is the mysterious} 59... Qe3+ 60. Kb7 Qb3+ 61. Ka8 Qf3+) 60. Ka6
$2 Qa4 $2 ({Right is} 60... Qa3 $1 61. Ka7 Qe3+ 62. Qb6 Qc3) 61. Kb7 $2 Qb4+ $2
{The queen has to move to the third rank.} 62. Qb6 $1 {
Suddenly Tal finds the right moves.} 62... Qe7+ 63. Kc8 Qe4 64. Qb5+ Kf8 65. a6
Qe6+ 66. Kc7 Qe7+ 67. Qd7 Qc5+ 68. Qc6 Qe3 69. Kb7 Qe7+ 70. Kc8 Qe3 71. Qf6+
Kg8 72. Qd8+ Kh7 73. Qc7+ Kh6 $4 {A human error is made.} ({
A long resistance is offered by} 73... Kh8 $1 74. Kb8 Qb3+ 75. Qb7 Qg3+ 76. Ka8
Qg4 77. a7 Qc4 78. Qb2+ Kg8 79. Qb6 {White delivers mate in forty-eight moves.}
) 74. a7 Qe4 75. Qb6+ $1 {
Tal was able to play long endgames in his early twenties.} ({
White wins quickly in} 75. Qb6+ Kg5 (75... Kg7 76. Qb7+) 76. Qa5+) 1-0

[Event "Tal"]
[Site "W Ch Moscow 1961"]
[Date "1936.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Botvinnik, Mikhail"]
[Black "Tal, Mikhail"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "E81"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "166"]
[EventDate "1936.??.??"]

1. d4 g6 2. e4 Bg7 3. c4 d6 4. Nc3 Nf6 5. f3 Nbd7 6. Be3 O-O 7. Bd3 e5 8. Nge2
Nh5 9. dxe5 dxe5 10. O-O c6 11. Qd2 Qe7 12. Rad1 Nc5 13. Bb1 Ne6 14. Qe1 Bf6
15. Kh1 Nhf4 16. g3 Nxe2 17. Nxe2 h5 18. Qf2 b6 19. f4 exf4 20. gxf4 Bb7 21. e5
c5+ 22. Rd5 Bg7 23. Kg1 Nc7 24. Nc3 Nxd5 25. cxd5 Rad8 26. Be4 Ba8 27. Qg3 b5
28. Qf2 Qd7 29. Bxc5 Rfe8 30. Qg3 Rc8 31. b4 Kh8 32. Qf3 a6 33. Kh1 f5 34. exf6
Bxf6 35. Bxg6 Qg4 36. Qd3 Rg8 37. Be4 Rce8 38. Bf3 Qxf4 39. Ne2 Qh4 40. Bf2 Qg5
41. Ng3 Rd8 42. Be3 Qe5 43. Rd1 Rg4 44. a3 Bb7 45. Bb6 Rd7 46. Be3 Rh4 47. Nf1
Rc4 48. Bg2 Rg7 49. Qd2 h4 50. h3 Qb2 51. Qxb2 Bxb2 52. Bc5 Rd7 53. Ne3 Rc1 54.
Rxc1 Bxc1 {Black has a material advantage and threatens the centre.} 55. Bd4+
Kg8 56. Ng4 Bg5 57. Kg1 ({Khalifman mentions} 57. Bf6 Bf4 58. Bxh4 Kf7 {
and an easy win for Black.}) 57... Bxd5 $1 58. Ne5 Bxg2 $1 59. Nxd7 Bxh3 {
Black has the pair of bishops and an extra pawn.} 60. Nc5 Bc8 61. Kf2 Kh7 62.
a4 {White has to make exchanges.} 62... bxa4 63. Nxa4 Bf4 64. Kf3 h3 65. Bg1 h2
66. Bxh2 Bxh2 67. Ke4 Bd7 68. Nc5 Bb5 69. Kd5 Kg6 70. Ne4 Kf5 71. Nc3 (71. Nd6+
Bxd6 72. Kxd6 Ke4 {loses immediately.}) 71... Bf1 72. Kc5 Be5 73. Nb1 Ke6 $6 ({
The preparatory move} 73... Bd3 $1 {simplifies matters.}) 74. Nd2 Bd6+ 75. Kb6
Bg2 ({Tal intended to play} 75... Kd5 $4 {
but noticed the attack on a bishop (Flohr).}) 76. Nb3 ({
Long resistance is offered by} 76. b5 $1 axb5 77. Kxb5 Kd5 78. Ka4) 76... Bxb4
77. Kxa6 Bf1+ 78. Kb6 Kd6 79. Na5 Bc5+ {If the knight reaches b7, a position
of Kling and Horwitz comes into being. They regarded it as drawn in 1851. More
than a century later a win within fifty moves was found.} 80. Kb7 Be2 81. Nb3 (
81. Kb8 Bb6 82. Nb7+ {
The journey of the knight to the ideal square fails due to} 82... Kd7 83. Ka8
Kc7 84. Nc5 Bf3+) 81... Be3 82. Na5 Kc5 83. Kc7 Bf4+ {The knight will be lost
within a few moves.  The 'Magician of Riga' became the eighth world champion
in 1960. He suffered from poor health during the rematch in 1961. Still he was
able to perform well in some endgames.} 0-1

[Event "Tal"]
[Site "Moscow 1964"]
[Date "1936.??.??"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Smyslov, Vasily"]
[Black "Tal, Mikhail"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "A36"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "144"]
[EventDate "1936.??.??"]

1. c4 g6 2. Nc3 Bg7 3. g3 c5 4. Bg2 Nc6 5. b3 e6 6. Bb2 Nge7 7. Na4 Bxb2 8.
Nxb2 O-O 9. e3 d5 10. Nf3 Nf5 11. O-O b6 12. Na4 Bb7 13. cxd5 exd5 14. d3 Qf6
15. Qd2 Rad8 16. Rfd1 Rfe8 17. Rab1 Nd6 18. Ne1 d4 19. e4 Qe7 20. Nc2 f5 21.
exf5 Ne5 22. f4 Nf3+ 23. Bxf3 Bxf3 24. Re1 Qe2 25. Rxe2 Rxe2 26. Qxe2 Bxe2 27.
Nb2 gxf5 28. Re1 Bh5 29. Nc4 Nxc4 30. bxc4 Re8 31. Kf2 Rxe1 32. Kxe1 {
Tal has the better ending against a great expert.} 32... Kf8 33. Kd2 ({
An escape from the restriction starts with} 33. Kf2 $1 a6 34. Ne1 $1 b5 35. Nf3
{The knight threatens to go to e5.} 35... Bxf3 36. Kxf3 bxc4 37. dxc4 {
White can stop the entrance of the black king.}) 33... Ke7 34. Ne1 a6 35. a4 $5
a5 $1 {Black continues the restraint.} (35... Be8 $2 36. a5 $1 bxa5 37. Nf3 {
White has a defendable position.}) 36. Kc2 Be8 37. Kb3 Bc6 38. Ka3 Kf6 39. Kb3
Kg6 40. Ka3 Kh5 {The game is adjourned. The tempo ..h7-h6 appears to be
important during the analyses.} 41. h3 Kg6 {
The king returns after he has forced a weakening.} 42. Kb3 Kg7 $1 {
Black loses one tempo.} 43. Ka3 Kf6 44. Kb3 Be8 $1 {The calculated manoeuvre.}
45. Ng2 $5 {White avoids the preparation.} ({Tal has analysed} 45. Nf3 Bh5 46.
Ne5 Bd1+ $1 {Black gives a check because he has lost a tempo.} 47. Ka3 Ke6 48.
Nc6 Bc2 49. Ne5 h6 $1 {This tempo decides the game.} 50. g4 Bd1 {Zugzwang.})
45... Bh5 46. Kc2 Be2 47. Ne1 Bf1 {An opening is forced in the fortress.} 48.
Nf3 (48. h4 Be2 {The bishop returns via h5 and e8 to c6. Thereafter the black
king enters through the kingside.}) 48... Bxh3 49. Ng5 Bg2 50. Nxh7+ Kg7 51.
Ng5 Kg6 52. Kd2 {If White protects the a-pawn, the black king enters.} 52...
Bc6 53. Kc1 Bg2 54. Kd2 Kh5 55. Ne6 Bc6 56. Nc7 Kg4 57. Nd5 Kxg3 58. Ne7 Bd7 $1
59. Nd5 Bxa4 60. Nxb6 Be8 61. Nd5 Kf3 (61... a4 $1 {wins easily.}) 62. Nc7 Bc6
63. Ne6 a4 64. Nxc5 a3 65. Nb3 a2 66. Kc2 {
White would like to give his knight for the pawns d4 and f5.} ({Or} 66. Nxd4+
Kxf4 67. Nb3 Ba4 68. Na1 Kg3) 66... Kxf4 67. Kb2 Ke3 {
But the d-pawn gets protection in time.} 68. Na5 Be8 69. c5 f4 70. c6 Bxc6 71.
Nxc6 f3 72. Ne5 f2 {Smyslov was beaten with his own method: the opponent is
encircled and a hole is created in a fortress. Spassky told me that Tal was
proud of this endgame.} (72... f2 73. Ng4+ Ke2 74. Nxf2 Kxf2 75. Kxa2 Ke3 {
Black wins with his last pawn.}) 0-1

[Event "Portisch"]
[Site "Moscow 1967"]
[Date "1937.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Keres, Paul"]
[Black "Portisch, Lajos"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C93"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "178"]
[EventDate "1937.??.??"]

{Portisch (1937) is an accurate positional player. His endgames have an
educational value.} 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1
b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 h6 10. d4 Re8 11. Nbd2 Bf8 12. a3 Bd7 13. Ba2 a5
14. Nf1 a4 15. Ng3 Na5 16. Be3 c6 17. Rc1 Be6 18. Bxe6 Rxe6 19. dxe5 dxe5 20.
Qxd8 Rxd8 21. Bb6 Ra8 22. Bxa5 Rxa5 23. Red1 Re8 24. Rd3 Raa8 25. Kf1 Rab8 26.
Ne1 g6 27. Nc2 h5 28. f3 Red8 29. Rcd1 Rxd3 30. Rxd3 c5 31. Ne2 c4 32. Rd1 Rb7
33. Nb4 Rd7 34. Ke1 Rxd1+ 35. Kxd1 {Black controls more territory.} 35... Bc5
36. Nc6 Nd7 37. f4 $2 {Keres weakens his kingside.} 37... f6 38. fxe5 fxe5 39.
Ng3 Kf7 40. Ke2 Ke6 41. Nf1 Bf8 42. Ne3 Kd6 43. Nb4 Nc5 44. Kf3 Bh6 45. h4 $5
Nd3 $6 ({Even stronger is} 45... Nb3 $1 46. Ke2 Bf4 47. Na6 Bg3) 46. Nd1 Bc1
47. Ke2 $1 {Keres has set a wonderful trap.} 47... Nc5 $1 (47... Nxb2 $2 48.
Nxb2 Bxb2 49. Kd2 Bxa3 50. Kc2 Bxb4 51. cxb4 {
White has a foirtress in the pawn ending.}) 48. Kf3 g5 49. hxg5 Bxg5 50. Na2
Ke6 51. Nf2 Kf6 52. Nd1 Nd3 53. g3 Kg6 54. Kg2 Bd2 55. Kf3 Kg5 56. Ke2 Be1 57.
Kf3 Bd2 58. Ke2 Be1 59. Kf3 Kf6 60. Kg2 ({White wins elegantly in} 60. Nb4 Nxb4
61. cxb4 Bd2 $1 62. Ke2 Bc1 $1 63. Nc3 Bxb2 64. Nxb5 Kg5 {(Barcza).}) 60... Kg6
({Better is} 60... Nc5 $1 61. Kf3 Ne6 62. g4 h4) 61. Kf3 Kg5 62. Kg2 h4 63.
gxh4+ Kf4 $2 ({Black makes slow progress in} 63... Bxh4 64. Kf3 Ne1+ 65. Ke3
Kg4) 64. h5 Kxe4 65. h6 Nf4+ 66. Kf1 Bh4 67. Nb4 Bf6 68. Ke1 Kf3 69. h7 Bg7 {
Black has a big advantage but the h-pawn hinders him.} 70. Nc2 $2 (70. Nc6 $1
Nd3+ 71. Kd2 {The e-pawn is stopped at the third rank. It is dangerous to
conquer the h-pawn, because the active knight on c6 will attack pawns on the
queenside. That knight also threatens to support the passed pawn.}) 70... Nd5
$1 71. Kd2 Nf6 72. Ne1+ Ke4 73. Nf2+ Kf5 74. Ng2 Nxh7 {
Black has won a pawn and finishes the game.} 75. Ne3+ Ke6 76. Ne4 Bh6 77. Ke2
Bxe3 $1 78. Kxe3 Nf6 79. Ng5+ Kd5 80. Kf3 Nh5 81. Ne4 Nf4 82. Nf6+ Kc6 83. Ke4
Nd3 84. Ng4 Kd6 85. Nh6 Nxb2 $1 86. Nf7+ Kc5 87. Nxe5 Nd1 88. Nd7+ Kd6 89. Kd4
Nxc3 {Normally foreigners were crushed in Moscow, but Portisch competed on an
equal level. He won a great endgame of Keres.} 0-1

[Event "Portisch"]
[Site "Wijk aan Zee 1975"]
[Date "1937.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Hort, Vlastimil"]
[Black "Portisch, Lajos"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "E14"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "172"]
[EventDate "1937.??.??"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 c5 4. e3 b6 5. Be2 Bb7 6. O-O Be7 7. Nc3 cxd4 8. Nxd4
O-O 9. b3 Na6 10. Bf3 Qb8 11. Bxb7 Qxb7 12. Qf3 Qxf3 13. gxf3 Rfc8 14. Bb2 Nc7
15. Rac1 a6 16. Rfd1 Kf8 17. Rd2 Nce8 18. Kf1 Rc7 19. Rcd1 Rac8 20. Nde2 d6 21.
f4 Rb7 22. Nd4 g6 23. Ke2 Ng7 24. Rc1 Nf5 25. Nxf5 gxf5 26. Nb1 Rc6 27. Rdc2
Rbc7 28. Kd3 Nd7 29. f3 Nc5+ 30. Ke2 Nd7 31. Kd3 Rc8 32. Nd2 Bf6 33. Bxf6 Nxf6
{The chances are equal.} 34. Rg1 Ke7 35. a3 R6c7 36. Kc3 $2 (36. b4 b5 37. Rgc1
{is okay.}) 36... d5 $1 37. Kb2 $5 Rd8 38. cxd5 Rxc2+ 39. Kxc2 Nxd5 40. Re1
Rc8+ 41. Kd3 Rd8 {Hort has prepared a strange move.} 42. Nc4 $4 ({Correct is} 
42. Kc2 b5 43. Re2 {and White has a stubborn defence.}) 42... Nxf4+ 43. Kc2 b5
44. Ne5 ({The pointe is} 44. exf4 bxc4 45. bxc4 Rd4 {
and Black also wins a pawn.}) 44... Rc8+ 45. Kd2 Nd5 46. e4 fxe4 47. fxe4 Nb6
48. Nd3 Nd7 49. Re3 Nf6 50. Nf2 Rg8 51. Rh3 Rg7 52. Rh4 a5 53. Nd3 Rg2+ 54. Kc3
Re2 55. Kd4 Ra2 56. Kc3 Kf8 {Black does not capture the poisoned pawn.} 57. Nc5
Ke7 ({Timman prefers} 57... h5 58. a4 bxa4 59. Nxa4 Kg7) 58. a4 bxa4 59. Nxa4
Rg2 60. Kd4 Rg4 {
Portisch exchanges the rooks. Otherwise he will not make progress.} 61. Rxg4
Nxg4 62. h3 Nf2 63. h4 Kd6 64. Nb2 Kc6 65. Ke3 Ng4+ 66. Kf4 Nf6 67. Nc4 Kb5 68.
Ne5 Ne8 $1 ({Not} 68... Kb4 $2 69. Nc6+) 69. Kg5 {
White has a difficult position.} ({I analyse after Timman and Varnusz} 69. Nxf7
Kb4 70. Nd8 Kxb3 71. Nb7 $1 (71. Nxe6 Kc4 $1 72. Ke3 a4 73. Nd4 a3 74. Nc2 a2)
71... a4 72. Nc5+ Kb4 73. Nxa4 $2 Kxa4 74. Ke5 Nc7 $1 75. Kf6 (75. Kd6 Kb5 76.
Kxc7 Kc5) 75... Kb4 76. Kg7 h5 77. Kg6 Kc4 78. Kxh5 Kd4 79. Kg6 Kxe4 80. h5 e5
81. h6 Ne6 82. Kf6 Nf8 83. Kf7 Kf5 $3 {
Black wins with his last pawn in the critical variation.}) 69... Nd6 $1 {
Black avoids a trap.} (69... f6+ $2 70. Kh6 fxe5 71. Kxh7 Kb4 72. Kg6 $1 {
draws.}) 70. Kh6 f5 $1 71. Kxh7 fxe4 72. Kg6 Kb4 73. Kf6 ({The last trap is} 
73. Nc6+ {Black answers} 73... Kc3 $1) 73... Nf5 74. h5 e3 75. Kxe6 Ng7+ 76.
Kd5 Nxh5 77. Kd4 Kxb3 78. Kxe3 {Black has to play the knight game accurately.}
78... Kc3 $1 79. Nc6 a4 80. Na7 Nf6 81. Nb5+ Kb4 82. Nd4 Kc4 83. Nc2 Kc3 84.
Nd4 Nd5+ 85. Ke4 Nc7 $1 {The influence of the white knight is restricted.} 86.
Ne2+ Kd2 {This game would decide about the first place in the tournament.} 0-1

[Event "Portisch"]
[Site "Skelleftea 1989"]
[Date "1937.??.??"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Salov, Valery"]
[Black "Portisch, Lajos"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "A11"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "182"]
[EventDate "1937.??.??"]

1. Nf3 Nf6 2. g3 d5 3. Bg2 c6 4. O-O Bg4 5. c4 e6 6. cxd5 exd5 7. d3 Nbd7 8.
Bf4 Be7 9. Nc3 O-O 10. h3 Bxf3 11. Bxf3 Nc5 12. d4 Ne6 13. Be3 Ne8 14. Qd3 Nd6
15. Rad1 Bf6 16. b3 Re8 17. Bg4 g6 18. h4 h5 19. Bh3 Bg7 20. Kh2 Qf6 21. f3 Nf5
22. Bxf5 Qxf5 23. Qxf5 gxf5 {White has the better pawn structure.} 24. Bf2 Nf8
25. Rd2 Re7 26. Kg2 Rae8 27. Rfd1 Ng6 28. Rc2 Bf6 29. Rh1 Re6 30. Kf1 Kg7 31.
Na4 R6e7 32. Nc5 Nf8 33. Nd3 Ne6 34. e3 Kh7 35. Kg2 Bg7 36. Rb1 Bh6 37. Rd1 Nc7
38. Nf4 Bxf4 39. gxf4 {Both parties have a doubled pawn.} 39... Nb5 40. a4 Nd6
41. Rc3 Rg8+ 42. Kh3 Re6 43. Rg1 Rxg1 44. Bxg1 Rg6 45. Bf2 Kg8 46. Rc1 Kf8 47.
Be1 Ke8 48. Bb4 Kd7 49. Kh2 Ne8 50. Bc5 b6 51. Bb4 a5 52. Bd2 Nc7 53. Be1 Na6
54. Bd2 Nb4 55. Rc3 Kd6 56. Rc1 Rg8 57. Rc3 $2 ({Correct is} 57. Rg1) 57... c5
58. Rc1 Nc6 59. dxc5+ bxc5 60. Rc3 ({It is too late for} 60. Rg1 {due to} 60...
Rb8 $1 61. Rb1 c4) 60... f6 61. Bc1 d4 62. exd4 Nxd4 63. Ba3 Ne6 64. Rd3+ Kc6
65. Bc1 Nd4 66. Bb2 Kd5 67. Re3 Rb8 68. Kg2 Rb6 (68... Nxb3 69. Bxf6 Nd4 70.
Re5+ {allows counter-play to White.}) 69. Kf2 Re6 70. Rxe6 Kxe6 71. Ke3 Kd5 72.
Kd3 (72. Bxd4 cxd4+ 73. Kd2 Kc5 74. Kd3 Kb4 {Black wins the pawn ending.})
72... Nxb3 73. Bxf6 c4+ 74. Ke3 Nc5 75. Bc3 Nxa4 76. Bxa5 {
White loses the bishop versus knight ending.} 76... Nc5 $1 77. Bb4 Nb3 {
The march of the black king to the queenside has been prepared.} 78. Be7 Kc6
79. Bf6 Kb5 80. Ke2 Kb4 81. Kd1 Kc5 82. Ke2 Nd4+ 83. Ke3 Ne6 {
The knight has prepared another king manoeuvre.} 84. Be7+ Kb5 85. Kd2 {
White gives an unimportant pawn.} ({The passive} 85. Bd6 Ka4 86. Kd2 Kb3 87.
Be5 Nf8 88. Bf6 Ng6 89. Bg5 c3+ {also loses.}) 85... Nxf4 86. Bd6 Ng6 87. Bg3
f4 88. Be1 Kc5 89. Bf2+ Kb4 90. Be1 Kb3 91. Ke2 Kc2 {White has no defence
against the threats. Portisch showed more patience than Salov in this endgame.}
0-1

[Event "Spassky"]
[Site "Amsterdam 1964"]
[Date "1937.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Gligoric, Svetozar"]
[Black "Spassky, Boris"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C64"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "114"]
[EventDate "1937.??.??"]

{Spassky (1937) plays the middle game brilliantly and the endgame solidly.} 1.
e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Bc5 4. c3 f5 5. d4 fxe4 6. dxc5 exf3 7. Qxf3 Qe7 8.
Qh5+ g6 9. Qe2 d6 10. O-O Nf6 11. Bg5 O-O 12. Nd2 d5 13. Bxc6 bxc6 14. Nf3 e4
15. Nd4 Qxc5 16. f3 a5 17. Qf2 Qd6 18. fxe4 Nxe4 19. Qxf8+ Qxf8 20. Rxf8+ Kxf8
{Black has an extra pawn temporarily.} 21. Rf1+ Kg7 22. Bf4 Bd7 $1 ({
The initiative shift to White in} 22... c5 23. Be5+) 23. Bxc7 a4 24. a3 $2 {
Pawn b2 becomes a weakness.} ({Bondarevsky proposes} 24. Nc2 {
as prevention of ..a3}) ({more aggressive is} 24. Nf3 $1 Rf8 ({the pointe is} 
24... a3 25. b4 $1 Nxc3 $4 26. Be5+) 25. Ne5 Rxf1+ 26. Kxf1 Be8 {with equality.
}) 24... c5 {The restriction begins.} 25. Nf3 Bb5 $1 26. Rd1 Bc4 {
The bishop blockades the c-pawn and fixes the b-pawn.} 27. Bf4 $6 ({
Analysts prefer} 27. Ne5) ({More aggressive is} 27. Nd2 $1 Be2 28. Re1 Bd3 29.
Nxe4 dxe4 30. Kf2 {The dominant knight has been exchanged.}) 27... Kf6 28. h4
$6 ({Bondorevsky proposes} 28. Nd2 {
White misses the last opportunity to play this move.}) 28... Kf5 29. Bc1 Rb8 {
When we look at the start of the endgame, Black has kept the control over the
centre. Furthermore, his bishop, king and rook have improved positions. White
has to remain passively.} 30. Re1 h6 31. Nh2 h5 32. Nf3 Rb7 {
It is hard for Black to strengthen his position.} 33. Ng5 $2 ({
Better is the passive} 33. Kh2) 33... Nxg5 34. hxg5 {The bishops of opposite
colours hardly are a disadvantage for the attacker, when rooks remain on the
board and restraint increases. This was shown by Nimzowitsch.} 34... d4 $1 {
Black creates a passed pawn.} 35. cxd4 cxd4 36. Kf2 Rf7 37. Kg3 Rb7 {
Spassky hesitates again.} 38. Re8 $6 {
The provocation is accepted for the second time.} (38. Kf2 {
gives a proper answer.}) 38... Be6 $1 {The rook is cut off.} 39. Kf3 Bd5+ 40.
Kf2 Rc7 $1 41. Bd2 Rc2 42. Ke2 Bc4+ 43. Kd1 Rxb2 {The rest is simple.} 44. Rf8+
Ke4 45. Rf4+ Kd5 46. Rf6 Bd3 47. g3 Ra2 48. Bc1 Bf5 49. Rb6 Rg2 50. Bf4 Ke4 51.
Bd6 d3 52. Rb4+ Kd5 53. Bf4 Bg4+ 54. Kc1 Rc2+ 55. Kb1 Bf5 56. Rb5+ Ke4 57. Bd6
Kf3 {Amsterdam 1964 has been Spassky';s hardest tournament. He had to win a
lot and play endgames to the bitter end.} 0-1

[Event "Spassky"]
[Site "W Ch Moscow 1966"]
[Date "1937.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Spassky, Boris"]
[Black "Petrosian, Tigran"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C11"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "135"]
[EventDate "1937.??.??"]

1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. e5 Nfd7 5. Nf3 c5 6. dxc5 Nc6 7. Bf4 Bxc5 8.
Bd3 f6 9. exf6 Nxf6 10. O-O O-O 11. Ne5 Bd7 12. Nxc6 Bxc6 13. Qe2 Qe7 14. Rae1
Rae8 15. Bg3 a6 16. a3 Qf7 17. b4 Bd4 18. Be5 Bxe5 19. Qxe5 Nd7 20. Qg3 e5 21.
f3 Qf4 22. Qxf4 Rxf4 {White has a plus due to the hanging pawns in the centre.
He wants to lure a pawn forwards in order to blockade the centre.} 23. Rf2 g6
24. Rd2 Nb6 25. Rde2 Nd7 $6 ({
White exerts pressure on the centre pawns. Black should counter by} 25... Nc4)
26. Nd1 b5 27. c3 Rf7 $6 {Spassky refuses the offer of a draw.} 28. Bc2 Kg7 29.
Bb3 h5 {Square g4 becomes inaccessible for the knight.} 30. Ne3 Nb6 31. Nc2 Nd7
$5 32. Re3 $1 h4 33. h3 Rf6 34. Nd4 Bb7 35. a4 Rd8 36. Ne2 bxa4 37. Bxa4 Nb6
38. Bb3 e4 $2 ({The weakening is avoided by} 38... Rf5 $1) 39. Nd4 Kh6 40. Rd1
Rc8 {White's win is hard to achieve.} 41. fxe4 $1 dxe4 42. Ne6 $2 ({
The knight manoeuvre should be prepared by} 42. Ra1 {and Ra5.}) 42... Nc4 $2 ({
Analysts regard} 42... a5 $1 43. Rd6 $1 {as won for White, but} 43... a4 $1 44.
Ba2 Nc4 45. Bxc4 Rxc4 46. Nd8 Rxd6 47. Nf7+ Kh5 48. Nxd6 Rc7 49. Nxb7 Rxb7 50.
Rxe4 Rc7 51. c4 a3 52. c5 a2 53. Re1 Rb7 54. Ra1 Rxb4 55. Rxa2 Rc4 {draws.})
43. Bxc4 Rxc4 44. Nc5 Rf7 45. Ra1 Kg5 46. Ra5 $1 (46. Nxa6 Bxa6 47. Rxa6 Rd7 {
and Black survives (Bondarevsky).}) 46... Kf4 47. Kf2 Bd5 48. Nb3 $1 ({
Spassky does not allow the simplification by} 48. Rxa6 g5 49. Ra5 g4) 48...
Ke5+ 49. Ke2 Rc6 50. Nd2 Ke6 ({The pointe is} 50... Rf4 $2 51. c4 $1) 51. Nxe4
Bc4+ 52. Kd2 Rd7+ 53. Kc2 Kf7 54. Re5 Kg7 55. Nd2 Bb5 56. Nf3 Ba4+ 57. Kb2 Rd1
58. R5e4 Rf1 59. Re1 Rxe1 60. Rxe1 Rf6 61. Re4 g5 62. Nxg5 Rf2+ 63. Ka3 Bc6 64.
Rxh4 Bxg2 65. Ne4 Re2 66. Nc5 Bf1 67. Rf4 Re1 68. h4 {Spassky had beaten
Petrosian in the endgame. Boris would do even better in their next match and
become the tenth world champion.} 1-0

[Event "Spassky"]
[Site "San Juan 1974"]
[Date "1937.??.??"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Spassky, Boris"]
[Black "Byrne, Robert"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "B52"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "117"]
[EventDate "1937.??.??"]

1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. Bb5+ Bd7 4. Bxd7+ Qxd7 5. c4 e5 6. Nc3 Nc6 7. d3 g6 8. a3
Bg7 9. Rb1 Nge7 10. b4 b6 11. O-O O-O 12. Nd5 Nxd5 13. cxd5 Nd4 14. Nxd4 cxd4
15. Bd2 Rac8 16. Qb3 Rc7 17. Rbc1 Rfc8 18. b5 Rxc1 19. Rxc1 Rxc1+ 20. Bxc1 Qc7
21. Qc4 Qxc4 22. dxc4 {White has little advantage, despite the strong bishop.}
22... f6 {Black chooses for a passive defence.} ({He could play} 22... f5 {
because} 23. exf5 gxf5 24. Bg5 Kf7 25. Bd8 e4 {endangers White.}) 23. Kf1 Bf8
24. a4 Be7 25. Ke2 Kf7 26. Bd2 f5 {Suddenly Black changes his strategy. He
wants to force the draw. It favours White.} 27. exf5 gxf5 28. Kd3 Bf6 29. f3 h5
30. a5 Ke8 31. a6 Kd7 32. g3 Kc7 33. h3 Kd7 34. Ba5 Kc8 35. Be1 Kd7 36. Bf2 Ke8
37. Be1 Kf7 $2 ({The retreat} 37... Kd7 $1 {is correct.} 38. Bd2 ({
The introduction} 38. Ba5 $1 Bd8 39. Bd2 {wins a tempo.} 39... Bf6 40. g4 hxg4
41. hxg4 e4+ $1 (41... fxg4 $2 42. fxg4 {and the white king cannot be stopped})
42. fxe4 fxg4 43. Bf4 Be5 44. Bxe5 dxe5 45. c5 g3 46. cxb6 g2 47. bxa7 g1=Q 48.
a8=Q Qe3+ 49. Kc2 {Black delivers perpetual check}) 38... Ke8 $1 39. g4 hxg4
40. hxg4 fxg4 $1 (40... e4+ $2 41. fxe4 fxg4 42. Bf4 Be5 43. Bxe5 dxe5 44. c5
$1 {A white pawn will queen with check}) 41. fxg4 Kf7 42. Ke4 Kg6 {The white ki
ng is stopped.   These two variations can be seen as twins. A move is correct
in one case and is refuted in the other.}) 38. Bb4 Be7 39. f4 {
White threatens to break through with 40.fxe5 dxe5 41.Bxe7 Kxe7 42.c5!} 39...
exf4 40. gxf4 Ke8 41. Kxd4 Kd7 42. Kd3 Kc7 {The game is adjourned. Spassky and
Bondarevsky find the win one hour before the resumption.} 43. Ke3 Bf6 44. Kf3
h4 {Black can postpone this weakening by two moves.} (44... Bg7 45. Kg3 Bf6 46.
Ba3 {(zugzwang)} 46... h4+ {leads to the game (Kavalek).} (46... Kd7 47. c5) (
46... Bg7 47. Kh4) (46... Be7 47. Bb2 Kd7 48. Bg7 {and Bh6-g5})) 45. Ke3 Bg7
46. Kd3 Bf6 47. Bd2 Kd7 48. Be3 Kc7 49. Bf2 $1 {Black suffers from zugzwang.}
49... Kc8 {The intended position has been reached.} 50. c5 $3 dxc5 ({
The alternative is} 50... bxc5 51. Be1 {(Belyavsky and Mikhalchiskin).}) 51. d6
$1 Kd7 52. Bxc5 $1 Bd8 53. Bb4 Ke6 54. Kc4 Bf6 55. Bc5 Bd8 56. Bd4 Kxd6 57.
Be5+ Ke6 58. Bb8 Kd7 59. Kd5 {The fortress has collapsed.} 1-0

[Event "Fischer"]
[Site "Buenos Aires 1960"]
[Date "1943.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Taimanov, Mark"]
[Black "Fischer, Bobby"]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[ECO "E51"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "174"]
[EventDate "1943.??.??"]

{Robert James Fischer (1943) played a nearly perfect endgame. Chess was the
goal of his life.} 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 e6 3. d4 Bb4 4. e3 O-O 5. Bd3 d5 6. Nf3 Nc6
7. O-O dxc4 8. Bxc4 Bd6 9. Nb5 Be7 10. h3 a6 11. Nc3 Bd6 12. e4 e5 13. Be3 exd4
14. Nxd4 Bd7 15. Re1 Qe7 16. Bg5 Nxd4 17. Nd5 Qe5 18. f4 Nf3+ 19. Qxf3 Qd4+ 20.
Kh1 Ng4 21. hxg4 Qxc4 22. b3 Qb5 23. a4 Qa5 24. Red1 Bc6 25. e5 Bb4 26. Qe4
Bxd5 27. Rxd5 Qb6 28. f5 Bc3 29. Rc1 Bb2 30. Rb1 Bc3 31. Rc1 Bb2 32. Rc4 Rae8
33. f6 c6 34. fxg7 cxd5 35. gxf8=Q+ Kxf8 36. Qxh7 Bxe5 37. Rf4 Qe6 38. Rf1 b5
39. axb5 axb5 40. Bd2 Ke7 41. Bb4+ Kd8 42. Rxf7 Rh8 43. Rf8+ Rxf8 44. Bxf8 Qf6
45. Bc5 d4 46. Kg1 Qf4 47. Qe7+ Kc8 48. Qf8+ Qxf8 49. Bxf8 {
Black's future looks dark due to the distant doubled passed pawns.} 49... Bg3
$1 50. Kf1 d3 {The white king has been imprisoned with minimal means.} 51. Bb4
Kd7 52. Be1 Bf4 53. Bc3 Bg3 54. g5 Ke6 55. g6 Ke7 56. Be1 Bf4 57. Bh4+ Kf8 58.
g3 {Sacrifice of part of the doubled pawns liberates the king.} 58... Bd6 59.
Kf2 Bc5+ 60. Kf3 Kg7 61. Bg5 Kxg6 62. Bf4 Kh5 $1 (62... Kf5 $2 63. g4+ Ke6 64.
Ke4 {Black loses the d-pawn without compensation.}) 63. Ke4 (63. g4+ Kh4 $1 64.
g5 Kh5 65. Ke4 {and the endgame continues similar to the game.}) 63... Kg4 64.
Kxd3 Kf3 {Pressure on the g-pawn gives compensation for the lost d-pawn.} 65.
Bc7 Bf2 66. Bd6 Be1 {Penetration by the white king cannot be stopped.} 67. Kd4
Kg4 68. Kc5 b4 69. Kb5 Kf5 70. Kc4 Ke6 71. Bc7 Kf5 72. Kd3 Kg4 73. Bd6 Bc3 74.
Kc4 Be1 75. Bxb4 Bxg3 {
Naturally Black should try to give his bishop for the pawn.} 76. Bc3 Bd6 77.
Kd5 Be7 78. Bd4 Bb4 79. Kc4 Ba5 80. Bc3 Bd8 81. b4 Kf4 (81... Kf5 82. Kd5 {
leads to a position known from the game Capablanca-Janowski, New York 1916.
Black resigned dueto} 82... Bc7 $2 ({he missed} 82... Kf4 $1) 83. Bd4 Bd8 84.
Bc5 Bc7 85. Bd6 Bd8 86. Kc6 Ke6 87. b5 Ba5 88. Bc7 Bd2 89. b6 Be3 90. b7 Ba7
91. Kb5 Kd7 92. Ka6 {and White wins.}) 82. b5 Ke4 83. Bd4 Bc7 84. Kc5 Kd3 85.
Kc6 Kc4 $1 {The pawn has to be attacked from behind. Averbakh published this
discovery in 1954. Fischer has read the analyses and played the last fifteen
moves within a minute, like a chess machine.} 86. Bb6 Bf4 87. Ba7 Bc7 1/2-1/2

[Event "Fischer"]
[Site "New York 1962"]
[Date "1943.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Fischer, Bobby"]
[Black "Reshevsky, Samuel"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "B90"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "107"]
[EventDate "1943.??.??"]

1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 a6 6. h3 g6 7. g4 Bg7 8. g5
Nh5 9. Be2 e5 10. Nb3 Nf4 11. Nd5 Nxd5 12. Qxd5 Nc6 13. Bg4 Bxg4 14. hxg4 Qc8
15. Qd1 Nd4 16. c3 Nxb3 17. axb3 Qe6 18. Ra5 f6 19. Qd5 Qxd5 20. Rxd5 Kd7 21.
gxf6 Bxf6 {White blockades a weak pawn.} 22. g5 $1 {Another weakling is fixed.
The weakening of the g-pawn bears no importance because it can only be
attacked by a bishop.} 22... Be7 23. Ke2 Raf8 24. Be3 Rc8 25. b4 b5 $2 {
The a-pawn becomes the third backward pawn. This error becomes fatal.} 26. Rdd1
Ke6 27. Ra1 Rc6 28. Rh3 Bf8 29. Rah1 Rc7 {Black protects the h-pawn in time.}
30. Rh4 $1 {The restriction has led to zugzwang. If the king, king's rook or
bishop moves, the h-pawn is lost. If the queen's rook moves on the seventh
rank, White wins the a-pawn with 31.Ra1.} 30... d5 (30... Rc4 31. f3 Rc7 32.
Kf2 d5 {makes a difference two moves.}) 31. Ra1 $3 Rc6 32. exd5+ Kxd5 33. Rd1+
Ke6 34. Rd8 Kf5 (34... Bg7 {
costs a pawn, because the queen's rook has been lured from c7 to c6.}) 35. Ra8
Re6 36. Rh3 {The threat on the f-file decides the game.} 36... Bg7 (36... Kg4
37. Rg3+ Kh5 38. Rf3 Bg7 39. Rxh8 Bxh8 40. Rf8 Bg7 41. Rf7 {
and the h-pawn falls too (Fischer).}) 37. Rxh8 Bxh8 38. Rxh7 Re8 39. Rf7+ Kg4
$6 40. f3+ Kg3 41. Kd3 $6 (41. Kf1 {threatens 42.Bf2+ and 43.Rh7#.}) 41... e4+
42. fxe4 Rd8+ 43. Bd4 Kg4 44. Rf1 Be5 45. Ke3 Bc7 46. Rg1+ Kh4 47. Kf3 Rd7 48.
e5 Rf7+ 49. Ke4 Rf5 50. e6 Bd8 51. Bf6 Bxf6 52. gxf6 Rxf6 53. Kd5 Rf2 54. Re1 {
The alterations of attacks on weak pawns are carried out with brilliant
manoeuvres over the whole board.} 1-0

[Event "Fischer"]
[Site "Quarter final Vancouver 1971"]
[Date "1943.??.??"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Fischer, Bobby"]
[Black "Taimanov, Mark"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "B47"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "141"]
[EventDate "1943.??.??"]

1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Qc7 5. Nc3 e6 6. g3 a6 7. Bg2 Nf6 8. O-O
Nxd4 9. Qxd4 Bc5 10. Bf4 d6 11. Qd2 h6 12. Rad1 e5 13. Be3 Bg4 14. Bxc5 dxc5
15. f3 Be6 16. f4 Rd8 17. Nd5 Bxd5 18. exd5 e4 19. Rfe1 Rxd5 20. Rxe4+ Kd8 21.
Qe2 Rxd1+ 22. Qxd1+ Qd7 23. Qxd7+ Kxd7 {
The mobility of his pieces gives White a plus.} 24. Re5 b6 $2 ({
Black ends the pressure with} 24... Kd6 $1 25. a4 $1 a5 26. b3 b6 {
and he gets the time for ..Re8 (Radulescu).}) 25. Bf1 a5 26. Bc4 Rf8 {
The activity of the rook has been restricted.} 27. Kg2 Kd6 (27... Kc6 28. a4
Rd8 29. Re2 Rd4 30. b3 Nd5 31. Kf3 Kd7 32. Re5 Kc6 33. Re8) 28. Kf3 Nd7 29. Re3
Nb8 30. Rd3+ Kc7 31. c3 Nc6 32. Re3 Kd6 33. a4 $1 {White has restricted the
queenside. Sqaure b5 becomes a stronghold for the bishop.} 33... Ne7 34. h3 Nc6
35. h4 $1 {White threatens to advance his pawns on the kingside.} 35... h5 {
The action is prevented at a high prize.} 36. Rd3+ Kc7 37. Rd5 f5 {
Another pawn has been fixed on a white square, but the black rook is liberated.
} 38. Rd2 Rf6 39. Re2 Kd7 40. Re3 g6 41. Bb5 Rd6 {The game isadjourned.} 42.
Ke2 Kd8 $6 ({Or} 42... Rf6 43. Kd3 Rd6+ 44. Kc4 Rf6 45. Re1 Rd6 46. Re2 $1 Rf6
47. Re3 Rd6 48. Rd3 {and the exchange has been forced.}) 43. Rd3 $1 Kc7 44.
Rxd6 Kxd6 45. Kd3 {The king penetrates.} 45... Ne7 46. Be8 Kd5 47. Bf7+ Kd6 48.
Kc4 Kc6 49. Be8+ Kb7 50. Kb5 Nc8 $1 {
The restriction is not fatal right away because Black threatens mate in one.}
51. Bc6+ Kc7 52. Bd5 Ne7 53. Bf7 $1 Kb7 54. Bb3 $1 Ka7 $1 {
Black stands with his back against the wall.} 55. Bd1 Kb7 56. Bf3+ Kc7 57. Ka6
Nc8 58. Bd5 $1 Ne7 59. Bc4 $1 Nc6 60. Bf7 Ne7 61. Be8 Kd8 {
Black seems to escape, but Fischer finds a great finish.} 62. Bxg6 $1 Nxg6 63.
Kxb6 Kd7 ({Or} 63... Nf8 64. Kxc5 Nd7+ 65. Kd6) 64. Kxc5 Ne7 65. b4 $1 axb4 66.
cxb4 Nc8 67. a5 Nd6 68. b5 Ne4+ 69. Kb6 Kc8 ({After} 69... Nd6 70. a6 Nc8+ 71.
Kc5 {White wins on the kingside.}) 70. Kc6 Kb8 71. b6 {Taimanov played the
role of 'Dr. Watson' and could only admire the intelligence of 'Sherlock
Holmes' Fischer.} 1-0

[Event "Fischer"]
[Site "Semifinal Denver 1971"]
[Date "1943.??.??"]
[Round "4"]
[White "Fischer, Bobby"]
[Black "Larsen, Bent"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "B88"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "91"]
[EventDate "1943.??.??"]

1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 Nc6 6. Bc4 e6 7. Bb3 Be7 8.
Be3 O-O 9. O-O Bd7 10. f4 Qc8 11. f5 Nxd4 12. Bxd4 exf5 13. Qd3 fxe4 14. Nxe4
Nxe4 15. Qxe4 Be6 16. Rf3 Qc6 17. Re1 Qxe4 18. Rxe4 {
White has a lot of pressure for a pawn.} 18... d5 19. Rg3 $1 g6 20. Bxd5 Bd6 $2
{Larsen demonstrates his usual optimism.} (20... Bxd5 21. Rxe7 Rfe8 {
leads to a defendable endgame (Gipslis).}) 21. Rxe6 $1 Bxg3 22. Re7 Bd6 23.
Rxb7 Rac8 ({Larsen prefers} 23... a5 {after the game, but} 24. c4 Rae8 25. Rd7
Bb4 26. a3 Re7 27. axb4 Rxd7 28. bxa5 {favours White.}) 24. c4 a5 25. Ra7 {
Black can grab his last chance with a natural move.} 25... Bc7 $2 ({
Larsen does not believe in} 25... Bc5 $1 26. Bxc5 Rxc5 27. Kf2 {but} 27... Rfc8
28. Bxf7+ Kf8 29. Bd5 Rxc4 $1 30. Bxc4 Rxc4 31. Rxa5 Rc2+ 32. Kf3 Rxb2 {
might draw.}) 26. g3 Rfe8 27. Kf1 Re7 28. Bf6 Re3 29. Bc3 h5 30. Ra6 Be5 31.
Bd2 Rd3 32. Ke2 Rd4 33. Bc3 Rcxc4 34. Bxc4 Rxc4 35. Kd3 Rc5 36. Rxa5 Rxa5 37.
Bxa5 Bxb2 38. a4 Kf8 39. Bc3 Bxc3 40. Kxc3 Ke7 41. Kd4 Kd6 42. a5 f6 43. a6 Kc6
44. a7 Kb7 45. Kd5 h4 46. Ke6 {Fischer played a fantastic endgame.} 1-0

[Event "Fischer"]
[Site "Final Buenos Aires 1971"]
[Date "1943.??.??"]
[Round "5"]
[White "Petrosian, Tigran"]
[Black "Fischer, Bobby"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "A06"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "132"]
[EventDate "1943.??.??"]

1. Nf3 c5 2. b3 d5 3. Bb2 f6 $1 4. c4 d4 5. d3 e5 6. e3 Ne7 7. Be2 Nec6 8. Nbd2
Be7 9. O-O O-O 10. e4 a6 11. Ne1 b5 12. Bg4 Bxg4 13. Qxg4 Qc8 14. Qe2 Nd7 15.
Nc2 Rb8 16. Rfc1 Qe8 17. Ba3 Bd6 18. Ne1 g6 19. cxb5 axb5 20. Bb2 Nb6 21. Nef3
Ra8 22. a3 Na5 23. Qd1 Qf7 24. a4 bxa4 25. bxa4 c4 26. dxc4 Nbxc4 27. Nxc4 Nxc4
28. Qe2 Nxb2 29. Qxb2 Rfb8 30. Qa2 Bb4 31. Qxf7+ Kxf7 {Fischer has utilised
the passive play by his opponent and achieved a positional advantage.} 32. Rc7+
Ke6 $1 33. g4 $1 ({Petrosian does not like} 33. Rxh7 Bc3 34. Rd1 Rxa4) 33...
Bc3 34. Ra2 Rc8 35. Rxc8 Rxc8 36. a5 Ra8 37. a6 Ra7 38. Kf1 g5 {
Black closes the kingside before he activates his king.} 39. Ke2 ({Better is} 
39. h4 h6 40. h5) 39... Kd6 40. Kd3 Kc5 41. Ng1 $6 ({More useful is} 41. h4 {
and an exchange.}) 41... Kb5 42. Ne2 Ba5 {
Black will gain a pawn as a reward for his excellent restriction.} 43. Rb2+ $2
{Petrosian blunders right after the resumption.} ({Correct is} 43. Ng3 $1 Kxa6
$1 {(Korchnoi)} (43... Rxa6 44. Nf5 Rc6 45. Rc2 {The rooks are exchanged.}) 44.
Nh5 Rf7 45. Rb2 {White might survive by passive restriction.}) 43... Kxa6 44.
Rb1 Rc7 45. Rb2 Be1 46. f3 Ka5 47. Rc2 Rb7 48. Ra2+ Kb5 49. Rb2+ Bb4 50. Ra2
Rc7 51. Ra1 Rc8 52. Ra7 $6 ({More resistance is offered by} 52. Ra2 $1 {but}
52... Rc7 53. Ra1 Rc6 $1 54. Ra2 Bc3 $1 55. Ra3 Kb4 56. Ra2 Be1 $1 57. Ra1 Bf2
{looks horrible for White.}) 52... Ba5 $1 53. Rd7 ({Or} 53. Rxh7 Bb6 $1 54. Rf7
Ra8 55. Rxf6 Ra3+ {(Shamkovich).}) 53... Bb6 54. Rd5+ Bc5 55. Nc1 Ka4 56. Rd7
Bb4 57. Ne2 Kb3 58. Rb7 Ra8 59. Rxh7 Ra1 {
The net around the white king is closed.} 60. Nxd4+ exd4 61. Kxd4 Rd1+ 62. Ke3
Bc5+ 63. Ke2 Rh1 64. h4 Kc4 65. h5 Rh2+ 66. Ke1 Kd3 {
Fischer had won an important game and crushed 'the other guy's ego'.} 0-1

[Event "Fischer"]
[Site "W Ch Reykjavik 1972"]
[Date "1943.??.??"]
[Round "6"]
[White "Spassky, Boris"]
[Black "Fischer, Bobby"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "B46"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "81"]
[EventDate "1943.??.??"]

1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 e6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 a6 5. Nc3 Nc6 6. Be3 Nf6 7. Bd3 d5 8.
exd5 exd5 9. O-O Bd6 10. Nxc6 bxc6 11. Bd4 O-O 12. Qf3 Be6 13. Rfe1 c5 14. Bxf6
Qxf6 15. Qxf6 gxf6 {Fischer has the initiative.} 16. Rad1 Rfd8 17. Be2 Rab8 18.
b3 c4 19. Nxd5 $1 {Spassky keeps the equality with 'a petite combinaison'.}
19... Bxd5 20. Rxd5 Bxh2+ 21. Kxh2 Rxd5 22. Bxc4 Rd2 23. Bxa6 Rxc2 24. Re2 Rxe2
25. Bxe2 Rd8 {Fischer takes the initiative again.} 26. a4 Rd2 27. Bc4 Ra2 $1 {
Black chooses for restriction of the queenside.} (27... Rxf2 28. a5 Kf8 29. a6
Rb2 ({previous analyses continue with} 29... Ra2 $2 30. b4 $1 Ra4 31. b5) 30.
Bd5 Ra2 31. Bc4 Rb2 $11) 28. Kg3 Kf8 29. Kf3 $6 (29. f4 f5 30. Kf3 Ke7 31. g3 {
builds a fortress (Karpov).}) 29... Ke7 30. g4 $6 f5 $1 31. gxf5 f6 32. Bg8 h6
33. Kg3 Kd6 34. Kf3 Ra1 35. Kg2 $2 ({Right is} 35. Bc4 Rg1 36. a5 Kc5 37. a6
Kb6 38. Ke3 h5 39. f3 h4 40. Kf2 Rg5 41. Bf1 $1 Rxf5 42. Kg2 {
White is just in time.}) 35... Ke5 36. Be6 Kf4 37. Bd7 Rb1 38. Be6 Rb2 39. Bc4
Ra2 40. Be6 h5 {White is lost in the adjourned position.} 41. Bd7 {Fischer beca
me the eleventh world champion by this win. He had achieved his aim.} ({
The interesting} 41. Kh3 Rxf2 42. b4 {
draws according to Timman, but Krogius gives the win} 42... Kg5 43. b5 Rf3+ 44.
Kg2 Ra3 45. b6 Rxa4 46. b7 Rb4) (41. Bd7 {Spassky resigned due to} 41... Kg4
42. Bc6 h4 43. Bf3+ Kxf5 44. Bc6 {(Krogius)} 44... Rb2 45. Bd5 Ke5 46. Bc4 Ra2
47. Kh3 Kf4) 0-1

[Event "Huebner"]
[Site "Venezia 1989"]
[Date "1948.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Huebner, Robert"]
[Black "Spassky, Boris"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C67"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "83"]
[EventDate "1948.??.??"]

{Robert Huebner (1948) plays and analyses with great precision.} 1. e4 e5 2.
Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 4. O-O Nxe4 5. d4 Be7 6. Qe2 Nd6 7. Bxc6 bxc6 8. dxe5 Nb7 9.
Nc3 O-O 10. Re1 Re8 11. Qc4 Nc5 12. Bg5 Ba6 13. Bxe7 Bxc4 14. Bxd8 Raxd8 15.
Rad1 f6 16. exf6 Rxe1+ 17. Rxe1 gxf6 {
Black has a damaged pawn structure. Square f5 is a weakness for him.} 18. Nd4
Kf7 $2 ({Correct is} 18... Ne6 $1 19. Nf5 Ng7 20. Nxg7 Kxg7 21. Re7+ Bf7) 19.
b3 Ba6 {If the bishop goes to e6, he will stand in the way of the knight.} 20.
f4 Re8 21. Rxe8 Kxe8 22. Kf2 Kf7 23. g4 Ne6 24. Nxe6 Kxe6 25. Ne4 d6 $2 ({
Better is} 25... Bc8 26. Kf3 d6 27. b4 f5 28. gxf5+ Kxf5 29. Ng3+ Kg6) 26. g5
fxg5 27. Nxg5+ Kf5 28. Nxh7 Kxf4 29. Nf6 Bc8 30. Ne8 Bf5 31. c3 {
Pawn c7 is lost.} 31... Bb1 ({More subtle is} 31... Ke4 32. Ke2 Bg4+ 33. Kd2
Kf3 34. Nxc7 Kg2 35. Ne8 d5 36. Nf6 Bh3 37. Kd3 Kxh2 38. Kd4 {Black has kept
material equality, but white's positional advantage seems to be decisive.}) ({
Huebner analyses the surprising} 31... Bg4 $1 32. Nxc7 Ke4 $1 33. Ne8 Kd3 34.
Nxd6 Kxc3 35. Nc4 c5 36. h4 Kb4 $1 ({He continues with} 36... Bh5 37. Ke3 Kc2 {
and evaluates the position as drawn. However White wins by} 38. Ke4 $1 Kb1 39.
Kd5 Kxa2 40. Na5 Ka3 41. Kxc5) 37. Ke3 a5 38. Kd2 $1 a4 39. Ne5 Bf5 (39... axb3
40. Nxg4 bxa2 41. Ne3) 40. bxa4 c4 41. Nc6+ Kxa4 42. Kc3 Bg4 43. Kxc4 Ka3 44.
Ne5 Bh5 45. Kd4 Kxa2 46. Ke4 {and White wins with great difficulty.}) 32. a3
Ba2 33. b4 c5 34. Nxc7 Bc4 35. h4 cxb4 36. axb4 Ke4 ({Insufficient is} 36...
Kg4 37. Ke3 Kxh4 38. Kd4 Bf1 39. c4) 37. Ne8 Ke5 38. Ke3 Bf7 39. Nc7 Bg6 40.
Nb5 Kd5 41. Nxa7 Kc4 42. Nc6 {Huebner won the match with 4-2.} ({Elementary is
} 42. Nc6 Kxc3 43. b5 Be8 44. Nd4) 1-0

[Event "Andersson"]
[Site "Millennium Email Tourn. 2000"]
[Date "1951.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Elwert, Hans Marcus"]
[Black "Andersson, Ulf"]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[ECO "B42"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "114"]
[EventDate "1951.??.??"]
[Source "Chess Mail Ltd."]
[SourceDate "2003.04.28"]

{Ulf Andersson (1951) plays highly accurate over-the-board chess. This quality
also is very useful in correspondence chess.} 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 e6 3. d4 cxd4 4.
Nxd4 a6 5. Bd3 Bc5 6. Nb3 Ba7 7. O-O Ne7 8. Qe2 d6 9. Be3 Bxe3 10. Qxe3 e5 11.
c4 Be6 12. Nc3 Nd7 13. Be2 Qb6 14. Qxb6 Nxb6 15. Nd2 Nc6 16. b3 Nd4 17. Rfd1
Ke7 18. Nf1 a5 19. Ne3 a4 20. Bd3 Rhc8 21. Rdb1 axb3 22. axb3 g6 23. g3 Kd8 24.
Rxa8 Rxa8 25. Nc2 Nxc2 26. Bxc2 {
Black controls an open file as compensation for the backward pawn on d6.} 26...
Bd7 $5 {Andersson makes this move after 43 days! He plays for a win. The
opponent answers sharply.} 27. Rd1 Ke7 28. f4 f6 29. Kf2 Ra3 30. Rd3 Be6 31.
Nb5 Ra2 32. Rd2 Nd7 $1 33. Ke2 ({Naturally} 33. Nxd6 $4 Rxc2 34. Nc8+ Kd8 35.
Rxc2 Kxc8 {costs material.}) 33... Nc5 34. f5 Bd7 $5 {
Apparently the white pieces are brought to better squares.} 35. Nc3 Ra3 36.
Nd5+ Kf7 37. b4 Nb3 38. Bxb3 Rxb3 39. fxg6+ hxg6 40. Ra2 Be6 41. b5 f5 $1 42.
Ra7 Bxd5 43. exd5 e4 $1 {The pointe becomes apparent. Andersson sacrifices a
pawn for the conquest of the centre.} 44. Kd2 $1 ({
The black king marches forwards in} 44. Rxb7+ $6 Kf6 45. Rd7 $2 (45. Kd1 $1 {
draws according to Elwert}) 45... Ke5 46. Kd2 Kd4 47. Rxd6 e3+ 48. Kc2 Rc3+ 49.
Kd1 Kd3) 44... Kf6 45. Kc2 Rb4 46. Kc3 Rb1 {
A critical position has arisen again.} 47. Kc2 $6 ({
Capturing the pawn is right this time:} 47. Rxb7 $1 e3 $1 48. Kd3 Rb3+ 49. Ke2
Ke5 50. Rh7 g5 51. h4 $1 Kd4 $1 52. hxg5 Rb2+ 53. Kf1 $1 Kxc4 $1 ({Not} 53...
Kd3 $2 54. Re7 Rb1+ 55. Kg2 e2 {due to} 56. c5 $1) 54. Re7 Kd3 55. g6 Rxb5 56.
g7 Rb8 57. Ra7 {White draws.}) 47... e3 $6 {Andersson misses the chance to win.
} ({Better is} 47... Rh1 $1 48. Rxb7 Rxh2+ 49. Kc3 Rh3 50. Kc2 Rxg3 51. b6 Rh3
$3 ({Elwert continues with} 51... Rg2+) 52. Rb8 Rh7 53. Re8 Kg5 54. Re6 f4 55.
Rxe4 Rb7 {Black has a big advantage.}) 48. Kd3 Rb3+ 49. Kd4 g5 50. Ra2 b6 51.
Re2 f4 52. gxf4 gxf4 53. Ke4 Rc3 54. Kxf4 Rxc4+ 55. Kxe3 Ke5 56. Kf3+ $1 Kxd5
57. Kg3 Rc5 {This endgame was played well by both men.} 1/2-1/2

[Event "Karpov"]
[Site "Leningrad 1973"]
[Date "1951.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Smejkal, Jan"]
[Black "Karpov, Anatoly"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "B49"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "144"]
[EventDate "1951.??.??"]

{Karpov (1951) is one of the greatest players of the endgame in the history of
chess. He applies prophylaxis in an excellent manner.} 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 e6 3. d4
cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nc6 5. Nc3 Qc7 6. Be2 a6 7. O-O Nf6 8. Be3 Bb4 9. Na4 O-O 10. Nxc6
bxc6 11. Nb6 Rb8 12. Nxc8 Rfxc8 13. Bxa6 Rd8 14. Bd3 Bd6 15. Kh1 Be5 16. c3
Rxb2 17. Qc1 Ng4 18. f4 Nxe3 19. Qxb2 Bxf4 20. Qf2 Nxf1 21. Rxf1 e5 22. g3 Qd6
23. Be2 Bg5 24. Qxf7+ Kh8 25. a4 Be7 26. a5 Rf8 27. Qc4 Rxf1+ 28. Bxf1 {
The distant passed brings a great advantage to White.} 28... Qf6 29. Kg2 Qf8
30. Be2 Bc5 31. Bg4 $1 Qf2+ 32. Kh3 d6 {Black has stopped the passed pawn.} 33.
Bd7 {White wins a pawn.} ({Petrosian and Keres analyse the strong alternative} 
33. Qe6 $1 {in the press room.} 33... g6 $1 34. Qe7 $1 Qf1+ ({not Karpov's} 
34... Be3 $2 35. Be2 $1) 35. Kh4 $1 Be3 36. a6 h6 {
White has to deliver perpetual check.}) 33... g6 34. Bxc6 Kg7 35. Bb5 Qb2 36.
a6 Bg1 37. Qe2 Qxc3 38. Bc4 Qc1 $1 {Karpov notices a trick.} (38... Qe3 {draws.
}) 39. Qf1 $2 {Poor Jan! He loses a pawn.} ({Correct is} 39. Kg2) 39... Qh6+
40. Kg2 Qxh2+ 41. Kf3 Qh5+ 42. Kg2 Qh2+ 43. Kf3 Bd4 $2 ({Both players miss} 
43... g5 $1 {during some moves.}) 44. Bd5 Bc5 45. Bc6 Bd4 46. Bb7 g5 $1 {
Art last!} 47. Kg4 h5+ $1 48. Kf5 $1 ({Terrible is} 48. Kxg5 Qxg3+ 49. Kxh5 Bf2
) 48... Qxg3 49. Ke6 Qf2 $1 50. Qb5 ({The pointe is} 50. Qxf2 Bxf2 51. Kf5 g4 {
and thee g-pawn queens.}) 50... Qf6+ 51. Kd5 g4 52. Bc8 Qe7 53. Bf5 Kh6 54. Qf1
Qc7 55. Qe2 Qc5+ 56. Ke6 Kg5 57. Qf1 Qa3 58. Qe2 Bc5 59. Qd2+ Qe3 60. Qa5 Bb6
61. Qa2 Qf2 62. Qb1 g3 63. Bh3 Kh4 64. Bg2 Qg1 {Karpov chooses a witty finish.}
65. Qxg1 Bxg1 66. Kxd6 (66. Kf5 Bd4 67. Bf1 g2 68. Bxg2 Kg3 {wins elegantly.})
66... Bd4 67. a7 Bxa7 68. Kxe5 Kg4 69. Kd5 h4 70. e5 h3 71. Bxh3+ Kxh3 72. e6
Bc5 $1 {Smejkal could not solve the set problems.} 0-1

[Event "Karpov"]
[Site "Tilburg 1979"]
[Date "1951.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Karpov, Anatoly"]
[Black "Hort, Vlastimil"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "B10"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "145"]
[EventDate "1951.??.??"]

1. e4 c6 2. Nc3 d5 3. Nf3 dxe4 4. Nxe4 Nf6 5. Nxf6+ exf6 6. Be2 Bd6 7. O-O O-O
8. d4 Re8 9. Re1 Bf5 10. Be3 Nd7 11. h3 Be4 12. Nd2 f5 13. Nxe4 fxe4 14. c4 Qc7
15. Bf1 Bh2+ 16. Kh1 Bf4 17. Qd2 Bxe3 18. Qxe3 Nf6 19. Rad1 Rad8 20. Rd2 h6 21.
g3 Qa5 22. b3 Rd7 23. Bg2 Red8 24. Red1 Qg5 25. Kg1 a6 26. Re2 Kf8 27. Qc3 Qf5
28. a4 Kg8 29. Qe3 Re8 30. Kf1 Qa5 31. Qd2 Qxd2 32. Rexd2 e3 33. Re2 exf2 34.
Rxe8+ Nxe8 35. Kxf2 {
White controls more territory. He plans to attack on the queenside.} 35... a5 {
Black forestalls the plan.} 36. Ke3 Kf8 37. Rb1 Ke7 38. g4 Kd8 39. b4 Re7+ 40.
Kd3 axb4 41. Rxb4 Kc7 42. Rb1 Nf6 43. a5 Nd7 44. Ra1 Nb8 45. h4 Na6 46. Rb1 Nb8
47. Bf3 Nd7 48. Ra1 Re8 49. Rf1 {The manoeuvring has little effect so far.} ({
Unwise is} 49. a6 $2 Ra8 $1 50. a7 Nb6) 49... Re7 50. Bg2 Nb8 51. Rf4 Nd7 52.
Rf1 Nb8 53. Be4 Na6 54. Rb1 Nb8 55. Bf5 Nd7 56. Ra1 g6 $2 {
Black should have continued with quiet moves.} ({Parma suggests} 56... Nb8) 57.
Bxd7 Rxd7 {
Square f6 has become a big hole in the black position, a fatal weakening.} 58.
Rf1 $1 Kb8 $5 ({The critical variation is} 58... Kd6 59. Rf6+ Ke7 60. g5 hxg5
61. hxg5 Rc7 (61... Rd6 62. Rxd6 Kxd6 63. Ke4 {
and the pawn ending is lost according to Gligoric}) 62. Kc3 Rc8 63. Kb4 Rh8 {
aims at g5.} (63... Ra8 {prevents a further invasion.} 64. d5 cxd5 65. cxd5 Rd8
66. Kc5) 64. a6 bxa6 65. Rxc6 Rh5 66. Rxa6 Rxg5 67. Ra7+ {
The two extra tempi will bring victory.}) 59. Rf6 Ka7 60. h5 Ka6 {
Exchange does not suffice.} 61. g5 $1 {A fine decision.} 61... hxg5 62. h6 Kxa5
63. h7 Rd8 64. Rxf7 b5 65. cxb5 Kxb5 ({Or} 65... cxb5 66. Rg7 Rh8 67. d5) 66.
Rb7+ $1 {White wins a tempo.} 66... Ka6 67. Rg7 Rh8 68. Ke4 Kb5 69. Kf3 Kc4 70.
Rd7 Kd3 71. Kg4 Rxh7 72. Rxh7 Kxd4 73. Rd7+ {White gains another tempo.} (73.
Rd7+ Ke4 74. Rc7 Kd5 75. Kxg5 $18) 1-0

[Event "Karpov"]
[Site "W Ch Moscow 1984"]
[Date "1951.??.??"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Kasparov, Gary"]
[Black "Karpov, Anatoly"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "E15"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "140"]
[EventDate "1951.??.??"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 b6 4. g3 Ba6 5. b3 Bb4+ 6. Bd2 Be7 7. Bg2 O-O 8. O-O
d5 9. Ne5 c6 10. Bc3 Nfd7 11. Nxd7 Nxd7 12. Nd2 Rc8 13. e4 b5 14. Re1 dxc4 15.
bxc4 Nb6 16. cxb5 cxb5 17. Rc1 Ba3 18. Rc2 Na4 19. Ba1 Rxc2 20. Qxc2 Qa5 21.
Qd1 Rc8 22. Nb3 Qb4 23. d5 exd5 24. exd5 Nc3 25. Qd4 Qxd4 26. Nxd4 Nxa2 27. Nc6
Bc5 28. Bh3 Ra8 29. Bd4 Bxd4 30. Nxd4 Kf8 31. d6 Nc3 32. Nc6 Bb7 33. Bg2 Re8
34. Ne5 f6 35. d7 Rd8 36. Bxb7 fxe5 37. Bc6 Ke7 38. Bxb5 Nxb5 39. Rxe5+ Kxd7
40. Rxb5 {Black has a passed pawn in the rook ending.} 40... Kc6 41. Rh5 $6 ({
More resistance is offered by} 41. Re5 $1 Ra8 42. Re6+ Kc5 43. Re7 a5 44. Rxg7
{(Yusupov)} 44... a4 45. Rc7+ Kb4 46. Rb7+ Ka5 $1 47. Rxh7 a3 48. Rc7 a2 49.
Rc1 Kb4 50. Ra1) 41... h6 42. Re5 Ra8 43. Ra5 ({Interesting is} 43. Re6+ $5 Kc5
44. Rg6 a5 45. Rxg7 a4 46. Rc7+ Kb4 47. Rb7+ Ka5 $1 {
(Yusupov). Black has an extra pawn compared to the previous variation.}) 43...
Kb6 44. Ra2 $1 {Square a1 remains open for the king.} 44... a5 45. Kf1 a4 46.
Ke2 Kc5 47. Kd2 a3 48. Kc1 Kd4 49. f4 $1 {
The f-pawn needs the protection by another pawn.} 49... Ke4 50. Kb1 Rb8+ 51.
Ka1 Rb2 $1 52. Rxa3 $1 Rxh2 {
Black's advantage has become the central position of his king.} 53. Kb1 Rd2 $1
54. Ra6 ({Or} 54. Ra7 g5 55. Kc1 Rd5 56. Re7+ Kf5) 54... Kf5 55. Ra7 g5 56. Ra6
g4 $3 {Subtle play overcomes an excellent defence.} 57. Rxh6 ({
An important alternative is} 57. Ra5+ $5 Ke4 58. Ra4+ Kf3 59. Ra3+ Ke2 $1 60.
Ra2 h5 $1 {Black gains a tempo because he will queen with check.} 61. Rxd2+
Kxd2 62. f5 h4 63. f6 hxg3 64. f7 g2 65. f8=Q g1=Q+ 66. Ka2 Qa7+ 67. Kb3 Qd4 {
and a theoretical win.}) 57... Rg2 58. Rh5+ Ke4 59. f5 Rf2 60. Kc1 Kf3 61. Kd1
({The stubborn} 61. f6 $1 Kxg3 62. Rh6 Kg2 63. Kd1 g3 64. Rg6 $1 Rf5 65. Ke2
Re5+ 66. Kd3 Kf3 67. Kd4 Rh5 $3 68. f7 Rf5 69. Rg7 g2 {
leads to mutual zugzwang.} 70. Kd3 Rf4 {and Black wins.}) 61... Kxg3 62. Ke1
Kg2 63. Rg5 g3 {Black wins.} 64. Rh5 ({A pawn costs} 64. Kd1 Kh3 65. Ke1 Kh4)
64... Rf4 65. Ke2 Re4+ 66. Kd3 Kf3 67. Rh1 g2 68. Rh3+ Kg4 69. Rh8 Rf4 70. Ke2
Rxf5 {Karpov also won a spectacular knight versus bishop ending in this match.}
0-1

[Event "Karpov"]
[Site "Final Linares 1987"]
[Date "1951.??.??"]
[Round "4"]
[White "Karpov, Anatoly"]
[Black "Sokolov, Andrej"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "E15"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "125"]
[EventDate "1951.??.??"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 b6 4. g3 Ba6 5. b3 Bb4+ 6. Bd2 Be7 7. Nc3 O-O 8. e4
d5 9. cxd5 Bxf1 10. Kxf1 exd5 11. e5 Ne4 12. Qe2 Nxc3 13. Bxc3 Qd7 14. Kg2 Nc6
15. Rhe1 Nd8 16. Ng1 c5 17. f4 cxd4 18. Bxd4 Qf5 19. Rad1 Bb4 20. Rf1 Ne6 21.
Qd3 Qxd3 22. Rxd3 Rac8 23. Nf3 Rc2+ 24. Rf2 Rfc8 25. f5 Nxd4 26. Nxd4 Rxf2+ 27.
Kxf2 {White has two pieces and two pawns in the central area. Black only has a
blockaded pawn in the same place.} 27... Rc1 {
A counteraction develops by an attack in the back.} 28. g4 Kf8 29. Kf3 Rf1+ 30.
Kg3 Rc1 31. Kf4 {If the rook delivers check, the knight interferes.} 31... h6
32. h4 Ke8 33. Nf3 Rc2 34. a4 Rb2 $6 ({The exchange} 34... Rc3 {is okiay.}) 35.
Nd4 Be7 $6 ({Risky looks} 35... Rd2 36. Ke3 Rxd3+ 37. Kxd3 Kd7 {due to} 38. e6+
fxe6 39. Nxe6 {but} 39... Be7 40. Nxg7 Bxh4 {draws.}) 36. h5 a6 37. Kf3 Bc5 38.
Ne2 d4 $6 {The white king gets an entrance to the centre.} ({More subtle is} 
38... Rb1 $1 39. Nf4 Rf1+ 40. Kg3 Rg1+ $11) 39. Nf4 Kd7 $6 {
Black helps the advance.} 40. e6+ Ke8 (40... fxe6 41. Nxe6 {costs a pawn.}) 41.
Ke4 a5 {White seals a move.} 42. Rf3 Rb1 43. Nd5 Rg1 $2 ({Karpov has prepared} 
43... Kf8 44. e7+ Bxe7 45. Kxd4 Rg1 46. Kc4 Rxg4+ 47. Kb5 Rd4 ({
he continues in his optimism with} 47... Bd8 48. Rc3 Rh4 49. Kc6 Rxh5 50. Kd7
Rxf5 51. Nxb6) 48. Nxb6 Bb4 {is much stronger.}) 44. Kd3 $1 {White has achieved
a lot. The advance in the central area has progressed. The king is on his way
to the queenside.} 44... Rxg4 ({Or} 44... Kf8 45. Rf4 Rg3+ 46. Kc4 d3 47. Kc3)
45. f6 $1 {The f-pawn should not be captured.} 45... Bd6 ({The other point is} 
45... fxe6 46. f7+ Kf8 47. Nc7) 46. Nxb6 $1 Rg5 47. fxg7 Rxg7 (47... fxe6 48.
Rf6 Rxg7 49. Rxe6+ Be7 50. Nd5 {will lead to a won pawn ending.}) 48. Nc4 Bb4
49. exf7+ Rxf7 50. Rxf7 Kxf7 {
Matters seem to be alright for Black, but White has a forced win.} 51. Ne5+ $1
{The knight becomes highly active.} 51... Kf6 52. Nc6 Be1 53. Nxd4 Bb4 ({Not} 
53... Kg5 $4 54. Nf3+) 54. Nc6 Be1 55. Ke2 Bc3 56. Kd3 Be1 57. Kc4 Kg5 58. Nxa5
$1 {Karpov decides the endgame with a sacrifice.} 58... Bxa5 ({
The alternative is} 58... Kxh5 59. Nc6 Kg4 60. b4 h5 61. a5 h4 62. a6 h3 63. a7
h2 64. a8=Q h1=Q 65. Ne5+ {(Karpov).}) 59. b4 Bd8 60. a5 Kxh5 61. Kb5 Bg5 62.
a6 Be3 63. Kc6 {The endgame seems an easy win to Karpov, but further analyses
give chances to Black.} 1-0

[Event "Karpov"]
[Site "FIDE W Ch Amsterdam 1993"]
[Date "1951.??.??"]
[Round "5"]
[White "Karpov, Anatoly"]
[Black "Timman, Jan"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D85"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "105"]
[EventDate "1951.??.??"]

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Be3 c5 8.
Qd2 Qa5 9. Rb1 b6 10. Bb5+ Bd7 11. Be2 O-O 12. Rc1 Bb5 $5 13. d5 Nd7 14. c4
Qxd2+ 15. Kxd2 Ba4 16. Nh3 $5 e6 17. Nf4 Rae8 18. f3 Ne5 19. Rc3 Bd7 20. Ra3
exd5 21. exd5 h5 $1 {Black remains active.} 22. Rxa7 Bf5 $5 23. Rd1 Ra8 24.
Rxa8 Rxa8 25. Ke1 Rxa2 {
Active black pieces compensate the central position of White.} 26. d6 Nd7 27.
Nd5 Kf8 {Karpov rules in the centre. Timman is active on the flanks.} 28. Bd3
$5 Bxd3 ({The justification gives} 28... Rxg2 29. Bxf5 gxf5 30. Nxb6 $1 Nxb6
31. d7 Nxd7 32. Rxd7 {draw (Karpov).}) 29. Rxd3 Be5 ({Not} 29... Rxg2 $2 30.
Ra3 $1) 30. Bh6+ Kg8 31. Ne7+ Kh7 32. Bd2 Bxh2 $5 33. f4 Bg1 (33... h4 $1 {
keeps a plus.}) 34. Nc6 Kg8 (34... f6 $1 {controls square e5.}) 35. Ne5 Ra7 36.
Nc6 Ra1+ 37. Ke2 Kf8 38. f5 $1 gxf5 39. Rh3 ({Dangerous is} 39. Rg3 $1 Ra2 40.
Kd1 Ra1+ 41. Kc2 Ra2+ 42. Kc1 {The king has been lured to c1.} 42... f6 43.
Bh6+ Ke8 44. Rg8+ Kf7 45. Rg7+ Ke6 46. Bf4 Be3+ $1 47. Bxe3 Ra4 {Black escapes.
}) 39... Bd4 40. Rxh5 Bf6 $6 (40... Rg1 {draws more easily.}) 41. Rxf5 Ra4 42.
Kd3 Ke8 43. Bg5 Ba1 $6 (43... Ra1 {is more prudent.}) 44. Be7 $1 f6 45. g4 Ra3+
46. Ke4 Rc3 47. Rh5 Rxc4+ 48. Kf5 {
White has changed the initiative into an attack on the king.} 48... b5 $2 ({
Right is} 48... Rc1 $1 49. Kg6 {(Karpov)} 49... Ne5+ 50. Nxe5 Bxe5 51. Rh8+ Kd7
52. Kf7 Bxd6 53. Rd8+ Kc7 54. Rxd6 Rc4 {drawn.}) 49. Rh8+ Kf7 50. Rd8 Be5 51.
Nxe5+ Nxe5 52. Rf8+ Kg7 53. g5 $1 {This match had no adjournment after the
first time control. Hence, this game was played in one session. A resumption
after the second time control did not occur during the match. The organisers
wanted to minimise the influence of computer analyses during the adjournment.}
1-0

[Event "Karpov"]
[Site "Sanghi Nagar 1995"]
[Date "1951.??.??"]
[Round "6"]
[White "Gelfand, Boris"]
[Black "Karpov, Anatoly"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "E14"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "160"]
[EventDate "1951.??.??"]

1. c4 Nf6 2. d4 e6 3. Nf3 b6 4. e3 Bb7 5. Nc3 d5 6. cxd5 exd5 7. Bb5+ c6 8. Bd3
Be7 9. O-O O-O 10. b3 Nbd7 11. Bb2 Bd6 12. Rc1 Re8 13. Ne2 Qe7 14. Ng3 g6 15.
Qe2 Ba3 16. Rfe1 Qd6 17. Qc2 Bxb2 18. Qxb2 c5 19. Red1 Rac8 20. Ne2 a6 21. Rc2
cxd4 22. Nexd4 Rxc2 23. Bxc2 Rc8 24. Rc1 Ne4 25. Bd3 Rxc1+ 26. Qxc1 Qc5 27. Qd1
b5 28. Ne2 b4 29. Qa1 Qd6 30. Qd4 Qc5 31. Qa1 Qd6 32. h3 Ndc5 33. Bc2 Qf6 34.
Qe5 Qxe5 35. Nxe5 {Black has an isolated pawn but controls more territory.}
35... f6 36. Nf3 Ne6 37. Ne1 Kf7 38. f3 N4c5 39. g4 a5 40. Kf2 Ba6 41. h4 h6
42. h5 $6 {Gelfand wants to play for a win and accepts a slight weakness.}
42... gxh5 43. gxh5 Ke7 44. Ng3 Ng7 45. Bg6 Kd6 46. Kg2 Bb5 47. Nc2 Nce6 48. f4
Bd7 49. Kf2 Nc7 50. Nd4 Nb5 51. Nxb5+ Bxb5 52. Ke1 Bd7 53. Bd3 Bg4 54. Be2 (54.
Bg6 {is slightly better.}) 54... Nf5 $1 {This move has become possible.} 55.
Nxf5+ ({Karpov condemns and Gelfand praises the alternative} 55. Bxg4 {
We investigate} 55... Nxg3 56. Kd2 Ne4+ 57. Kc2 Kc5 58. Bf3 {
White wants to exchange.} 58... Nc3 59. a4 {White has a fortress.}) 55... Bxf5
56. Kd2 Kc5 57. Bd3 Bd7 {The exchange of bishops draws.} 58. Bc2 Be8 59. Bg6
Bc6 60. Bc2 Bd7 {The game is adjourned. Black seems to have a minimal
advantage. White moves his bishop from c2 to d1 and back in order to prevent
a5-a4. If Black exchanges the bishops, the game is drawn.} 61. Bd1 ({
Karpov's team has analysed} 61. Ke1 $1 {for hours. Promising seems to be} 61...
d4 62. Kd2 dxe3+ 63. Kxe3 Be6 64. Bb1 Bg8 {Zugzwang.} 65. Bd3 a4 66. bxa4 Bxa2
67. a5 Be6 68. a6 Kb6 69. Kd4 Bc8 {I thought this position is won for Black
until Gelfand sent me Karpov's analyses in 'Schach'. The night before the
resumption Tolya cannot fall asleep and finds} 70. Bc2 $3 Bxa6 ({and} 70...
Kxa6 71. Kc5) 71. Kd5 {draw.}) 61... Bh3 ({I find} 61... Be6 $1 {more direct.}
62. Bc2 d4 $1 {Black threatens ..a4. White has to withdraw.} 63. Bb1 $1 Bg8 $1
64. Ke2 Bd5 65. Kf2 Be6 66. Kf3 {White avoids zugzwang.}) 62. Bf3 Bf5 (62... d4
63. Be4 $1 Be6 64. Bb1 {draws.}) 63. Kc1 $6 ({Gelfand analyses} 63. Be2 Be4 (
63... d4 64. Bd3) (63... Bb1 64. Bd3 Bxa2 65. Kc2 a4 66. bxa4 Bc4 67. Bxc4 dxc4
68. e4 $1 Kd4 69. e5 fxe5 70. f5 b3+ 71. Kb2 c3+ 72. Kxb3 Kd3 73. f6 c2 74. f7
c1=Q 75. f8=Q {and White survives}) 64. Bd3 f5 65. Ke2 d4 66. Kd2 Bf3 67. Bxf5
Bxh5 68. e4 Bf3 69. Kd3 h5 70. e5 {drawn.}) 63... Bd7 $1 64. Kd2 {
White cannot prevent ..a4.} (64. Bd1 $2 d4 65. Kd2 Bf5 $1 66. Be2 dxe3+ 67.
Kxe3 Bb1 68. Kd2 Kd4 {Black has achieved the entrance.}) 64... a4 $1 {
Black has achieved an important goal: the advance of the a-pawn.} 65. bxa4 $2 (
{Correct is} 65. Bd1 $1 a3 66. Bc2 Be6 $1 67. Bd1 $3 ({
Fridstein and Atlas find the complicated line} 67. Bd3 $2 d4 $1 68. Bc2 dxe3+
69. Kxe3 Bg8 70. Bd1 Bh7 71. Be2 Bc2 72. Bc4 Bd1 73. Bf7 Kd6 74. Kd2 Bg4 75.
Bg6 Ke7 {Zugzwang.} 76. Kc1 Be6 77. Bc2 Bf7 78. Bd1 Ke6 79. Kd2 Kf5 80. Ke3 Be6
81. Kf3 Bd5+ 82. Ke3 Bf7 {Zugzwang.} 83. Bc2+ Kg4 84. Bd1+ Kg3 85. Kd4 Kf2 86.
Kc5 Ke1 87. Bc2 Kd2 88. Bg6 Bxb3 89. Kxb4 Bxa2 90. Kxa3 Be6 91. Kb4 Ke3 92. f5
Bc8 {and Black wins.}) 67... Bf7 $1 68. Kd3 $1 Bg8 69. Kd2 Bh7 70. Bc2 {
White protects the weaknesses and keeps the answer e4 in reserve.}) 65... Bxa4
66. Be2 Bc6 67. Bf3 Be8 68. Bd1 d4 69. Kd3 Bb5+ {Black makes a slow progress.}
70. Ke4 (70. Kd2 Bd7 71. Kd3 Bf5+ 72. Kd2 dxe3+ 73. Kxe3 Kc4 {The king enters.}
74. Kd2 Kd4 75. Bc2 Bg4 76. Bg6 Be6 77. Bb1 Bf7 {Black wins a pawn. White
cannot protect everything after the fatal pawn exchange.}) 70... d3 71. Kf5 Bc4
72. Ke4 {White has no better.} 72... d2 73. f5 (73. Bg4 f5+ {(Ree).}) 73...
Bxa2 74. Kd3 Bb1+ 75. Kxd2 Bxf5 76. Be2 Be4 77. Kc1 Kd6 78. Kb2 Bd5 79. Bd3 Bf7
80. Be2 Ke5 {Complicated zugzwang positions may arise in endings with bishops
of the same colour.} 0-1

[Event "Timman"]
[Site "Rio de Janeiro 1979"]
[Date "1951.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Timman, Jan"]
[Black "Velimirovic, Dragoljub"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D30"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "205"]
[EventDate "1951.??.??"]

{Jan Timman (1951) plays a solid endgame. He competed with Karpov for the
FIDE-title in 1993.} 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 c5 4. cxd5 exd5 5. g3 Nc6 6. Bg2
cxd4 7. Nxd4 Bc5 8. Nxc6 bxc6 9. Qc2 Qe7 10. O-O Bd7 11. Nc3 Nf6 12. Bg5 O-O
13. Bxf6 gxf6 14. Rac1 Bb6 15. e3 h5 16. h4 Kh8 17. Ne2 Bg4 18. Nf4 Rac8 19.
Bh3 Bxh3 20. Nxh3 Qe5 21. Nf4 Rg8 22. Qe2 Rxg3+ 23. fxg3 Bxe3+ 24. Kg2 Bxf4 25.
Qxe5 Bxe5 {The endgame starts with a damaged black pawn structure.} 26. b3 Kg7
27. Rfd1 Rc7 28. Rc2 Bd6 29. b4 $6 ({Timman misses the chance} 29. Rdc1 $1 c5
30. b4 c4 31. Rd1) 29... Bxb4 30. Rxd5 Kg6 31. Rd4 a5 32. g4 c5 33. gxh5+ Kxh5
34. Rd5+ Kh6 35. Rc4 a4 $6 (35... Re7 {offers an active defence.}) 36. Kf3 a3
37. Rd6 Re7 $6 {Now this move costs a pawn.} 38. Rxf6+ Kg7 39. Rf5 Rd7 40. Rg5+
Kf8 41. Rg2 $1 Rd5 42. Ke4 Rh5 43. Kf3 Ke7 44. Kg4 Rh7 45. Rf2 Rg7+ 46. Kf5 Rh7
47. Rf3 $6 (47. Rh2 $1 Rh5+ 48. Kg4 {prepares the advance of the h-pawn.})
47... Kf8 48. Rh3 Rh5+ 49. Ke4 Ke7 50. Kf4 Kf6 51. Kg4 Kg6 52. Rf4 f5+ 53. Kf3
Kf6 54. Ke2 Ke5 55. Rc4 Kd5 56. Rf4 Ke5 57. Rc4 Kd5 58. Kd3 Ba5 59. Rh1 Bd8 60.
Rf1 Be7 61. Rcf4 {The critical position arises after long manoeuvres.
Velimirovic exchanges. The result is a dead draw, he thinks. Actually White
gets a new chance.} 61... Bxh4 $2 ({Correct is} 61... Ke5 $1 {
The critical variation is according to me} 62. Kc4 $5 Rxh4 $1 63. Rxh4 Bxh4 64.
Rf3 f4 65. Rxa3 Ke4 66. Rh3 Bg3 67. a4 f3 68. Rh1 f2 {and Black escapes.}) 62.
Rxf5+ Rxf5 63. Rxf5+ Ke6 64. Rxc5 {The game will be played over a period of
sixteen days. This ending of rook and pawn versus bishop and pawn is known
from Cheron. The continuation is followed with great interest in the
Netherlands.} 64... Bf6 65. Rc6+ Ke7 ({Or} 65... Kf5) 66. Ke4 Bb2 67. Kd5 Kf7
68. Re6 {If the black king avoids imprisonment, it is drawn.} 68... Kg7 $4 ({
Later Timman discovers by means of Cheron III the line} 68... Bf6 69. Kd6 Bb2
70. Kd7 Bc3 71. Re3 Bb2 72. Rf3+ Kg6 73. Ke6 Kg5 $1 74. Rf5+ Kg4 $1 {
Black draws.}) 69. Ke4 $1 Kf7 70. Kf5 Kf8 71. Kg6 Bc3 72. Ra6 Bb2 73. Ra7 Ke8
74. Kf5 Kf8 75. Ke6 Kg8 76. Rf7 Bc3 77. Rf3 Bb2 {The game is adjourned for the
second time. He finds the ending in Cheron I the next morning. White needs
more than fifty moves for the win, according to this book. He starts to
shorten the known analyses with his second Andersson.} 78. Ke7 Kh7 79. Rg3 Kh6
{Forcing the black king to the h-file is essential.} 80. Kd6 $1 Kh5 81. Kc5 Kh4
82. Rg8 Be5 83. Kd5 Bb2 84. Kc4 Bf6 (84... Be5 {
The bishop goes to another diagonal in the variation} 85. Kb3 Bd6 {
White uses the vulnerability in e.g.} 86. Rg6 Bf8 87. Kc4 Kh5 88. Rg8 Be7 89.
Re8 Bd6 90. Ra8 Be7 91. Kd5 Kg6 92. Ke6 Bc5 93. Ra5 Bb4 94. Ra6 Kg5 95. Ra8 Kg6
96. Ra4 Bf8 97. Rg4+ Kh5 98. Kf5 Bc5 99. Ra4 Kh6 100. Kf6 Kh7 101. Kf7 Kh6 102.
Ra6+ Kh5 103. Ra5) 85. Rg6 Bg5 86. Kd5 Bc1 87. Ke4 Bb2 88. Kf5 Kh5 89. Rd6 Kh4
90. Rd3 Bc1 91. Rc3 Bb2 92. Re3 Bc1 93. Re1 Bd2 ({Timman and Andersson analyse
} 93... Bb2 $1 94. Rg1 Kh3 95. Kf4 Kh2 96. Rg4 Kh3 97. Kf3 Kh2 98. Kf2 Kh3 99.
Ra4 Bc1 100. Ke2 Kg3 101. Kd1 $1 Bb2 102. Kc2 Kf3 103. Kb3 Ke3 104. Rxa3) 94.
Rh1+ Kg3 95. Rd1 Bb4 96. Rd3+ Kf2 97. Ke4 Ke2 98. Kd4 Bc5+ 99. Kc4 Be7 100. Rh3
Bd6 101. Kb3 Bf8 102. Rh8 Bd6 103. Ra8 {White threatens Rxa3.} ({
The alternative is} 103. Ra8 Kd3 104. Rd8) 1-0

[Event "Timman"]
[Site "Amsterdam 1994"]
[Date "1951.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Timman, Jan"]
[Black "Ivanchuk, Vassily"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "B52"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "103"]
[EventDate "1951.??.??"]

1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. Bb5+ Bd7 4. Qe2 Nf6 5. Bxd7+ Qxd7 6. e5 dxe5 7. Nxe5 Qe6
8. Na3 Nfd7 9. Nac4 Nxe5 10. Nxe5 f6 11. Nc4 Qxe2+ 12. Kxe2 Nc6 {
Little is going on.} 13. c3 $6 {A pawn will go to d3 and become a weakness.}
13... e5 14. a4 Be7 15. d3 O-O-O 16. Be3 b6 17. f3 Rd7 18. g4 Rhd8 19. Rhd1 Bf8
20. h4 Ne7 $6 {The next advance is allowed.} 21. a5 $1 Kb7 $6 ({Better is} 
21... b5 22. Na3 b4 23. Nc4 Nd5 $1 {(Timman).}) 22. axb6 axb6 23. Ra3 Nd5 24.
Rda1 Be7 25. h5 g6 26. Ra7+ Kc6 27. Rxd7 Rxd7 28. hxg6 hxg6 29. g5 b5 30. gxf6
Bxf6 ({Less favourable is} 30... bxc4 31. fxe7 cxd3+ 32. Kxd3 {(Timman).}) 31.
Na5+ Kb6 32. Nb3 Nxe3 ({The neutral} 32... Be7 {is punished by} 33. Bxc5+ $1
Bxc5 34. Ra6+ $1) 33. Kxe3 {White has an advantage in the centre.} 33... c4 $2
({Black should have tried} 33... Rh7 34. Rg1 Rh6 35. Nd2 $1 Kc6 36. Ne4 Bd8)
34. Ra6+ $1 Kxa6 35. Nc5+ Ka5 36. Nxd7 Bg5+ 37. Ke4 Bc1 38. dxc4 Bxb2 ({
A pawn is lost in} 38... bxc4 39. Nxe5 Kb5 40. Kd4 $1 Bxb2 41. Nxg6 $1) 39. c5
(39. Kd3 b4 $6 40. cxb4+ Kxb4 41. c5 Kb5 42. Ke4 Ka6 (42... Kc6 43. Nxe5+ $1)
43. c6 Ka7 44. Kd5) 39... Bxc3 40. c6 Ka6 41. Kd5 {
The c-pawn still has a long way to go.} ({White wins with his last pawn in} 41.
c7 Kb7 42. Nb6 $1 Kxc7 43. Nd5+ Kd6 44. Nxc3 b4 45. Nb1 $1 Ke6 46. Nd2 g5 47.
Nb3 Kd6 48. Nc1 Ke6 49. Nd3 $1) 41... Ba5 ({More resistance is offered by} 
41... Ka7 $1 {but} 42. Nxe5 $1 {wins. See} 42... Bxe5 (42... b4 43. Nc4 Be1 44.
Kd6 Bg3+ 45. Kd7 Kb8 46. Nd2 g5 47. Nb3 Bh2 48. Nc5 Ka7 49. c7) 43. Kxe5 b4 44.
Ke6 b3 45. c7 b2 46. c8=Q b1=Q 47. Qc5+ Kb7 48. Kf6 {
and White wins the queen ending.}) 42. Nc5+ $1 Ka7 43. Kd6 Kb8 44. Kd7 g5 45.
Nd3 $1 b4 $6 ({Or} 45... Bc7 46. Nb4 Ba5 47. Nd5) 46. Nxb4 e4 47. fxe4 g4 48.
Na6+ $1 Ka7 49. c7 Bxc7 50. Nxc7 g3 51. Nb5+ Kb6 52. Nd4 {
The knight arrives in time.} 1-0

[Event "Timman"]
[Site "1st prize Wola Gulowska 1994"]
[Date "1951.??.??"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Timman, Jan"]
[Black "van Reek, Jan"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "4k3/2b2b2/8/4Pp2/2p2R2/5B2/Kn1B4/8 w - - 0 1"]
[PlyCount "15"]
[EventDate "1951.??.??"]

{The theme of this study was developed by Timman. I helped him to develop a
good quality study.} 1. Bc3 Bxe5 $1 2. Bxe5 c3+ 3. Kb1 Nd3 4. Rxf5 c2+ $1 (4...
Bg6 $1 5. Bh5 $1 Nxe5 {A mutual pin.} 6. Ka1 $3 {The king moves sidewards.} ({
The try is} 6. Ka2 $2 Bf7+ $1 7. Ka1 Ng6 $1 {A double depin.}) 6... Bxh5 7.
Rxe5+) 5. Kxc2 Bg6 6. Bh5 $1 ({Not} 6. Bc6+ $2 Ke7 7. Bd6+ Kxd6 8. Rf6+ Kc5 9.
Rxg6 Nb4+) 6... Nxe5 {A mutual pin.} 7. Kc3 $3 {The king moves forwards.} 7...
Bxh5 8. Rxe5+ {White wins the piece.} 1-0

[Event "Kasparov"]
[Site "Semifinal London 1983"]
[Date "1963.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Korchnoi, Viktor"]
[Black "Kasparov, Gary"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "D30"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "154"]
[EventDate "1963.??.??"]

{
Kasparov (1963) plays an accurate endgame. He is the thirteenth world champion.
} 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 c5 4. cxd5 exd5 5. g3 Nc6 6. Bg2 Nf6 7. O-O Be7 8.
Be3 c4 9. Ne5 O-O 10. b3 cxb3 11. Qxb3 Qb6 12. Rc1 Qxb3 13. axb3 Nb4 14. Na3 a6
15. Bd2 Rb8 16. Bxb4 Bxb4 17. Nd3 Bd6 18. Nc2 Bg4 19. Kf1 Bf5 20. Nc5 Rfc8 21.
Ne3 Be6 22. b4 Kf8 23. Rc2 Ke7 24. Ke1 h5 25. Rb2 Rc7 26. Nd3 Ra8 27. b5 a5 28.
b6 Rc6 29. Rb5 a4 30. Nxd5+ Nxd5 31. Bxd5 Bxd5 32. Rxd5 Rxb6 33. Rxh5 Rb3 34.
Kd2 b5 {Black has ample positional compensation for the pawn.} 35. h4 $2 {
White chooses the wrong strategy. The advance on the kingside goes too slow.} (
{Action in the centre starts with} 35. e4 $1) 35... Rc8 36. g4 $6 (36. Rg5 $1
g6 37. e4 $1 {changes the strategy.}) 36... a3 37. f4 Rcc3 38. Rd5 Ke6 39. Rh5
b4 40. Ra5 Rxd3+ 41. exd3 Bxf4+ 42. Ke2 Rc3 $1 ({Korchnoi expected} 42... Rb2+
43. Kf3 Bd2 44. Ke4 {and White will deliver perpetual check.}) 43. g5 $6 ({
White can draw by} 43. Kf3 $1 Bd6 44. Ke4 b3 45. R5xa3 Bxa3 46. Rxa3 {
(Kasparov).}) 43... Bc1 44. h5 b3 $1 45. R5xa3 Bxa3 46. Rxa3 {
Black has tactical chances in the rook ending.} 46... b2 $1 47. Ra6+ Kf5 48.
Rb6 Rc2+ 49. Ke3 Kxg5 50. d5 Kxh5 51. Kd4 (51. d6 $4 Rc6 $1) 51... g5 52. Rb8
g4 53. d6 Rc6 54. Ke5 Rc5+ 55. Kf6 g3 56. Rxb2 Rd5 57. Kxf7 Rxd6 58. Rd2 Kg4
59. d4 Kf5 60. Ke7 Rd5 ({Great problems are set by} 60... Rg6 $1 61. Rg2 $1 Ke4
62. Kf7 Rg4 63. Ke6 Kf3 {but} 64. Rxg3+ $1 Rxg3 65. d5 Ke4 66. d6 Rg6+ 67. Ke7
Ke5 68. d7 Rg7+ 69. Ke8 Ke6 70. d8=N+ {achieves the draw.}) 61. Rd3 Kf4 62. Ke6
Rg5 63. d5 $2 {The obvious move causes defeat.} ({Correct is} 63. Rd1 $1 g2 64.
Rg1 Ke4 65. d5 Rg6+ 66. Kf7 $11) 63... Rg6+ $1 {The decision has fallen.} ({Not
} 63... g2 $2 64. Rd4+) 64. Ke7 g2 65. Rd1 Ke5 66. d6 Re6+ $1 67. Kd7 Rxd6+ 68.
Rxd6 g1=Q 69. Re6+ Kf5 70. Rd6 Qa7+ 71. Kd8 Ke5 72. Rg6 Qa5+ 73. Kd7 Qa4+ 74.
Ke7 Qh4+ 75. Kf8 Qd8+ 76. Kf7 Kf5 77. Rh6 Qd7+ 0-1

[Event "Kasparov"]
[Site "W Ch Sevilla 1987"]
[Date "1963.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Kasparov, Gary"]
[Black "Karpov, Anatoly"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "A14"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "127"]
[EventDate "1963.??.??"]

1. c4 e6 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. g3 d5 4. b3 Be7 5. Bg2 O-O 6. O-O b6 7. Bb2 Bb7 8. e3
Nbd7 9. Nc3 Ne4 10. Ne2 a5 11. d3 Bf6 12. Qc2 Bxb2 13. Qxb2 Nd6 14. cxd5 Bxd5
15. d4 c5 16. Rfd1 Rc8 17. Nf4 Bxf3 18. Bxf3 Qe7 19. Rac1 Rfd8 20. dxc5 Nxc5
21. b4 axb4 22. Qxb4 Qa7 23. a3 Nf5 24. Rb1 Rxd1+ 25. Rxd1 Qc7 26. Nd3 h6 27.
Rc1 Ne7 28. Qb5 Nf5 29. a4 Nd6 30. Qb1 Qa7 31. Ne5 Nxa4 32. Rxc8+ Nxc8 33. Qd1
Ne7 34. Qd8+ Kh7 35. Nxf7 Ng6 36. Qe8 Qe7 37. Qxa4 Qxf7 38. Be4 Kg8 39. Qb5 Nf8
40. Qxb6 Qf6 41. Qb5 Qe7 {
Will White be able to take the fortress? An encirclement begins.} 42. Kg2 g6 $5
{Karpov enlarges the bastion. If a pawn is admitted to g5, an advance to h5
can start.} 43. Qa5 Qg7 44. Qc5 Qf7 45. h4 h5 $6 ({Kasparov prefers} 45... Kg7
46. g4 {Thereafter, white's g- and e-pawn will advance to the fifth rank.}) 46.
Qc6 Qe7 47. Bd3 Qf7 48. Qd6 Kg7 49. e4 $1 Kg8 50. Bc4 Kg7 51. Qe5+ Kg8 ({After
} 51... Qf6 52. Qc7+ Qf7 53. Qxf7+ Kxf7 54. e5 Nd7 55. f4 {
White wins the endgame.}) 52. Qd6 Kg7 53. Bb5 Kg8 54. Bc6 Qa7 55. Qb4 $1 Qc7
56. Qb7 $1 Qd8 {Even the exchange of queens does not save Black. Now White is
able to complete the encirclement.} 57. e5 $1 Qa5 58. Be8 Qc5 59. Qf7+ Kh8 60.
Ba4 Qd5+ 61. Kh2 Qc5 62. Bb3 Qc8 63. Bd1 Qc5 64. Kg2 {Kasparov kept the title
of world champion after an exciting finish of the match.} ({
Kasparov's commentaries end with} 64. Kg2 Qb4 65. Bf3 Qc5 66. Be4 Qb4 67. f3 $1
({not} 67. Bxg6 $4 Nxg6 68. Qxg6 Qb7+ 69. Kh2 Qg2+ $1) 67... Qd2+ 68. Kh3 Qb4
69. Bxg6 Nxg6 70. Qxg6 Qxh4+ 71. Kg2 $1) 1-0

[Event "Kasparov"]
[Site "W Ch Lyon 1990"]
[Date "1963.??.??"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Kasparov, Gary"]
[Black "Karpov, Anatoly"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C45"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "203"]
[EventDate "1963.??.??"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 exd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nxc6 bxc6 6. e5 Qe7 7. Qe2 Nd5 8.
c4 Nb6 9. Nd2 Qe6 10. b3 a5 11. Bb2 Bb4 12. a3 Bxd2+ 13. Qxd2 d5 14. cxd5 cxd5
15. Rc1 O-O 16. Rxc7 Qg6 17. f3 Bf5 18. g4 Bb1 19. Bb5 Rac8 20. Rxc8 Rxc8 21.
O-O h5 22. h3 hxg4 23. hxg4 Bc2 24. Qd4 Qe6 25. Rf2 Rc7 26. Rh2 Nd7 27. b4 axb4
28. axb4 Nf8 29. Bf1 Bb3 30. Bd3 Bc4 31. Bf5 Qe7 32. Qd2 Rc6 33. Bd4 Ra6 34.
Bb1 Ra3 35. Rh3 Rb3 36. Bc2 Qxb4 37. Qf2 Ng6 38. e6 Rb1+ 39. Bxb1 Qxb1+ 40. Kh2
fxe6 41. Qb2 Qxb2+ 42. Bxb2 {
Black has some material compensation for the material minus.} 42... Nf4 43. Rh4
Nd3 $1 44. Bc3 e5 45. Kg3 d4 46. Bd2 Bd5 47. Rh5 $1 {
White starts with long manoeuvres in a better endgame.} 47... Kf7 48. Ba5 $1
Ke6 49. Rh8 Nb2 50. Re8+ Kd6 51. Bb4+ Kc6 52. Rc8+ ({Not} 52. Rxe5 $4 {due to}
52... Nd3) 52... Kd7 53. Rc5 Ke6 54. Rc7 g6 55. Re7+ Kf6 56. Rd7 Ba2 57. Ra7
Bc4 58. Ba5 Bd3 $6 (58... Nd3 {prevents the next move.}) 59. f4 $1 exf4+ $2 (
59... Ke6 $1 {keeps the extra pawn.}) 60. Kxf4 Bc2 61. Ra6+ Kf7 62. Ke5 $1 Nd3+
63. Kxd4 Nf2 64. g5 {Hereafter, White has to beleaguer a solid fortress.} 64...
Bf5 65. Bd2 Ke7 66. Kd5 Ne4 67. Ra7+ Ke8 68. Be3 Nc3+ 69. Ke5 Kd8 70. Bb6+ Ke8
71. Rc7 Ne4 72. Be3 Ng3 {
The third time control has passed. White discovers a bishop route to e5.} 73.
Bf4 Nh5 74. Ra7 Kf8 75. Bh2 Ng7 76. Bg1 Nh5 77. Bc5+ Kg8 78. Kd6 Kf8 {
Black has to prevent 79.Ke7.} 79. Bd4 Bg4 80. Be5 $1 {
The knight is restricted by the white bishop.} 80... Bf5 81. Rh7 Kg8 82. Rc7
Kf8 83. Kc6 Kg8 84. Re7 Kf8 85. Bd6 Kg8 86. Re8+ Kf7 87. Re7+ Kg8 88. Be5 Kf8 {
The game is adjourned for the second time. Kasparov and his team find the
important king walk to d8.} 89. Ra7 Bg4 90. Kd6 Bh3 91. Ra3 $1 Bg4 92. Re3 $1
Bf5 93. Kc7 Kf7 94. Kd8 $1 {Subsequently the king has to move to e7.} 94... Bg4
95. Bb2 $1 Be6 96. Bc3 $1 {A position of zugzwang has arisen.} 96... Bf5 ({
The pointe is} 96... Nf4 97. Rf3) 97. Re7+ Kf8 98. Be5 Bd3 99. Ra7 Be4 100. Rc7
Bb1 101. Bd6+ Kg8 102. Ke7 $1 (102. Ke7 Ng7 103. Rc8+ Kh7 104. Be5 Ba2 105.
Bxg7 {White captures forty-one moves after the last pawn advance..} 105... Kxg7
106. Kd6 {Hereafter the white king moves to f6, and the win becomes elementary.
}) 1-0

[Event "Kasparov"]
[Site "Wijk aan Zee 1999"]
[Date "1963.??.??"]
[Round "4"]
[White "Yermolinsky, Alex"]
[Black "Kasparov, Gary"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "D85"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "94"]
[EventDate "1963.??.??"]

1. Nf3 c5 2. c4 Nf6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. d4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 g6 7. e4 Bg7 8.
Be3 Qa5 9. Qd2 Bg4 10. Rc1 Bxf3 11. gxf3 e6 12. d5 exd5 13. exd5 Nd7 14. c4 Qb6
15. Bh3 f5 16. O-O Qd6 17. Bf4 Be5 18. Rfe1 O-O-O 19. Bxe5 Nxe5 20. Qc3 Rhe8
21. Re3 Qf6 22. f4 Nd7 23. Bg2 Qxc3 24. Rcxc3 Nf6 25. Bf3 Rxe3 26. fxe3 {
White has weaknesses on a2, c4 and e3.} 26... Rd6 ({The obvious move is} 26...
Ne8 $1 {in order to blockade with the knight on d6.}) 27. Ra3 Kb8 28. Rb3 Ra6
29. a3 Ne8 $1 {The right move is made at last.} 30. e4 $1 {
White needs simplification.} 30... fxe4 31. Bxe4 Nd6 $6 {
Kasparov has difficulties with prophylactic play.} ({An advantage is gained by
} 31... Rf6 $1 32. Rf3 Nd6 33. Bd3 Kc7 34. Kf2 a6 35. Ke3 b5) 32. Bd3 Ra4 33.
Rc3 Kc7 {The activity of rook a4 is deceiving.} 34. Kf2 $2 ({Best is} 34. Be2
$1 b5 35. cxb5 Kb6 36. Rh3 $1 {
White benefits from the absence of the black rook on the kingside.}) 34... b5
$1 {The blunder is utilised tactically.} 35. cxb5 Kb6 $1 {
Black threatens to capture pawn f4 with check.} 36. Ke3 c4 37. Bc2 Nxb5 38.
Bxa4 Nxc3 {White lacks one tempo.} 39. Be8 (39. Bc2 Kc5 40. d6 Kxd6 41. f5 g5
42. f6 h5 {and Black wins (Hecht).}) 39... Kc5 40. d6 Nd5+ 41. Ke4 Nf6+ 42. Ke3
({Hecht shows the pointe of the combination} 42. Ke5 Nxe8 $1 43. d7 Nd6 44.
d8=N $1 c3 45. Ne6+ Kc4 $1 46. Nd4 Nb5) 42... Kxd6 {Black has won a pawn.} 43.
Bf7 Kc5 44. h4 Ng4+ 45. Kd2 ({Or} 45. Ke4 Nh6 $1 46. Be6 Nf5) 45... Kd4 46. h5
gxh5 47. Bxh5 Nf6 {The two distant passed pawns cannot be stopped.} 0-1

[Event "Kasparov"]
[Site "Linares 1999"]
[Date "1963.??.??"]
[Round "5"]
[White "Anand, Viswanathan"]
[Black "Kasparov, Gary"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "B80"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "100"]
[EventDate "1963.??.??"]

1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 a6 6. f3 e6 7. Be3 b5 8. g4 h6
9. Qd2 Nbd7 10. O-O-O Bb7 11. h4 b4 12. Nb1 d5 13. Bh3 g5 14. hxg5 hxg5 15.
exd5 Nxd5 16. Bxg5 Qb6 17. Bg2 Rxh1 18. Bxh1 Rc8 19. Re1 Qa5 20. f4 Qxa2 21. f5
Nc5 22. fxe6 Bg7 23. exf7+ Kxf7 24. Bxd5+ Qxd5 25. Re7+ Kg8 26. Rxg7+ Kxg7 27.
Nc3 bxc3 28. Nf5+ Kf7 29. Qxd5+ Bxd5 30. Nd6+ Kg6 31. Nxc8 Kxg5 {
Black has an extra bishop, but it is a draw if all pawns are exchanged.} 32.
Nb6 (32. bxc3 Kxg4 33. Ne7 Be4 {brings no relief.}) 32... Be6 $1 {
Exchange of the b-pawn brings a king into the game.} 33. bxc3 Kxg4 34. Kb2 Kf4
35. Ka3 a5 (35... Ke5 36. Kb4 Kd6 37. Ka5 Kc6 38. Na4) 36. Na4 {
Black has to avoid the exchange of knights.} 36... Ne4 $2 {
The knight goes to the wrong square.} ({Correct is} 36... Nd7 $1 37. Nb2 Nb6
38. c4 (38. Nd3+ Ke3 39. Nc5 Bd5 40. Nb3 Nc4+) 38... Bxc4 $1 39. Nxc4 Nxc4+ 40.
Kb3 Ne5 41. Ka4 Nc6 {(Kasparov).}) 37. Nb2 {
The defence of the c-pawns has no importance.} 37... Nxc3 38. Nd3+ Ke3 39. Nc5
Bf5 ({No win brings} 39... Bd5 40. Nb3 Bxb3 41. cxb3 Kd4 42. b4 a4 43. b5 Kc5
44. b6 {(Kasparov).}) 40. Kb2 $1 {The knight is chased for the first time.
Square b3 remains open for the white knight.} 40... Nd5 41. Nb7 a4 42. c4 $1 {
The knight is attacked for the second time. The protection of the a-pawn
becomes a problem.} 42... Nb6 43. Nd6 {The other knight wins a tempo.} 43...
Bd3 (43... Bd7 44. c5 Nd5 45. Nc4+ Kd4 46. Nb6 {also draws.}) 44. c5 $1 {
The knight has to jump for the third time.} 44... Nd5 45. Ka3 Bc2 46. Nb5 $1
Ne7 {Black stops the c-pawn.} 47. Na7 $2 {
Anand has defended brilliantly until this moment.} (47. Nc3 $1 Kd4 48. Nxa4 Kc4
49. Nb6+ Kxc5 50. Nd7+ {White has achieved a theoretical draw.}) 47... Kd4 48.
c6 Nd5 49. Nb5+ ({Or} 49. Kb2 Bd1 50. Nb5+ Kc4 51. c7 Bg4) 49... Kc5 50. c7 Bf5
$1 {Black wins although he abandons the a-pawn.} ({
The tactical justification gives} 50... Bf5 51. Kxa4 (51. Na7 Nxc7 52. Kxa4 Kb6
) 51... Nb6+ 52. Ka5 Nc4+ 53. Ka6 (53. Ka4 Bc2#) 53... Bc8+ 54. Ka7 Kxb5 55.
Kb8 Nd6) 0-1

[Event "Salov"]
[Site "Cand. match Wijk aan Zee 1994"]
[Date "1964.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Khalifman, Alexander"]
[Black "Salov, Valery"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "E14"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "84"]
[EventDate "1964.??.??"]

{Solov (1964) loves the endgame. He wants to create and utilise weaknesses.} 1.
d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 e6 3. e3 b6 4. Bd3 Bb7 5. O-O d5 6. c4 dxc4 7. Bxc4 a6 8. Qe2
Nbd7 9. Rd1 c5 10. a4 Bd6 11. Nc3 O-O 12. b3 cxd4 13. exd4 Re8 14. Ne5 Nd5 15.
Bb2 Qc7 16. Nxd7 Qxd7 17. Bxd5 Bxd5 18. Nxd5 exd5 19. Qd3 b5 20. axb5 Qxb5 21.
Qxb5 axb5 22. Rxa8 Rxa8 23. Ra1 Rxa1+ 24. Bxa1 {Black has the good bishop.}
24... h5 25. h3 (25. f3 {is fine too.}) 25... Kh7 26. Kf1 Kg6 27. Ke2 (27. Bc3
$1 {prevents the restriction of the bishop.}) 27... b4 $1 28. g3 $1 Kf5 ({
Wrong is} 28... h4 29. Kf3 hxg3 30. fxg3 Kf5 31. Bb2 Bxg3 $2 32. Kxg3 Ke4 33.
Bc1 Kd3 34. Kf4 Kc2 35. Ke5 Kxc1 36. Kxd5 Kc2 37. Kc4 f5 38. d5 f4 39. Kd4 {
and White wins (Salov).}) 29. Bb2 g5 {White has an escape.} 30. Bc1 $2 ({
Correct is} 30. Kd3 $1 g4 (30... h4 31. g4+ Kf4 $4 32. Ke2 $1 f5 33. Bc1+ Ke4
34. Be3) 31. h4 $1 {(Salov).}) 30... g4 31. hxg4+ Kxg4 $1 32. Bd2 f5 33. Be1
Be7 34. Bd2 Bd6 35. Be1 f4 36. f3+ ({Or} 36. gxf4 Kxf4 37. f3 Be7) 36... Kh3 $1
37. gxf4 Kg2 38. f5 Be7 $1 39. f6 Bxf6 40. Bxb4 h4 41. Bd6 h3 42. b4 Be7 $1 {
Salov ends the game elegantly.} 0-1

[Event "Salov"]
[Site "Quater fin. Sanghi Nagar 1994"]
[Date "1964.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Timman, Jan"]
[Black "Salov, Valery"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "D20"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "138"]
[EventDate "1964.??.??"]

1. d4 d5 2. c4 dxc4 3. e4 Nf6 4. e5 Nd5 5. Bxc4 Nb6 6. Bd3 Nc6 7. Be3 Nb4 8.
Be4 f5 9. exf6 exf6 10. Nc3 f5 11. Bb1 N4d5 12. Nf3 Bd6 13. Bg5 Qd7 14. Qe2+
Qe6 15. Ne5 O-O 16. O-O Nxc3 17. bxc3 Bxe5 18. dxe5 Qc6 19. Bd3 Be6 20. Rac1 h6
21. Be3 f4 22. Bd4 Bc4 23. Bxc4+ Qxc4 24. Rfe1 Rae8 25. e6 Qxe2 26. Rxe2 {
The passed pawn looks threatening. Black has to reorganise his position.} 26...
Nc4 $1 27. f3 b6 28. Rd1 Rf5 29. Bf2 $6 {White allows an unfavourable exchange.
} (29. Rde1 {overprotects the important pawn.}) 29... Re5 $1 30. Rxe5 Nxe5 31.
Rd4 g5 32. Re4 Nd3 $6 {The passed pawn cannot be won easily.} (32... Ng6 $1 33.
g3 c5 {introduces a serious threat (Salov).}) 33. Bd4 $1 Kh7 34. c4 $1 Kg6 35.
g3 fxg3 36. hxg3 Kf5 $2 (36... Nb4 {brings the knight back into the own camp.})
37. e7 (37. a3 $1 {springs a nasty surprise. White gains a plus in} 37... Kg6
38. Re3 Nc5 39. Bxc5 bxc5 40. Re5) 37... Kg6 38. Re6+ Kf7 39. Rxh6 Rxe7 40.
Rh7+ Ke6 41. Rxe7+ Kxe7 {The exchanges have led to an almost equal position.}
42. Kf1 $1 c5 $1 43. Bc3 Ke6 44. Bd2 Ne5 45. Ke2 g4 $1 {Black keeps a plus.} ({
He avoids} 45... Kf5 $2 46. Bxg5 $1) 46. fxg4 Nxc4 47. Bc1 Ne5 48. g5 b5 49.
Kd2 Kf5 50. Kc3 Ke4 51. Kc2 a5 {
Correct prophylaxis is needed in order to stop the avalanche of pawns.} 52. Bd2
$2 ({Correct is} 52. Kc3 $1 b4+ (52... a4 53. a3) 53. Kb3 Kf5 54. Ka4 {
and Black cannot make progress.}) 52... a4 53. a3 Kd4 54. Bc3+ Kd5 55. Kb2 (55.
Bd2 Kc4 $1 56. Bf4 Ng6 {and the b-pawn will advance.}) 55... Ke6 56. Ka2 Kf5
57. Bd2 Nc4 58. Bc1 $6 ({Timman analyses} 58. Be1 $1 Nd6 $1 59. Bd2 Ne4 60. Be3
b4 61. axb4 cxb4 62. Bc1 Nd6 63. Kb2 Nc4+ 64. Kc2 $1 {
The king escapes from imprisonment.}) 58... b4 $1 59. axb4 cxb4 60. Kb1 b3 61.
Ka1 {Before Timman went to India, I had warned him for the behaviour of the
boa-constrictor. He got into a strangulation nevertheless. The adjourned
position was analysed in the Netherlands with great interest.} 61... Kg6 {
Boa has sealed a quiet move.} 62. Kb1 Kf7 $1 63. Ka1 Kg7 $1 64. Kb1 Kg6 {
The exchange of moves increases the difficulties for White.} 65. Ka1 ({
Salov analyses the variation} 65. g4 $2 Ne5 66. Ba3 Kxg5 67. Be7+ Kxg4 68. Kb2
Nc4+ 69. Kc3 Kf5 $1 70. Bf8 Kf6 $1 {
Probably Black wins by supporting the pawns from behind with the king.}) 65...
Ne5 {
This position was discussed by Hans Ree and Gert Ligterink in the Dutch press.}
66. Ba3 $2 {The pawn sacrifice is wrong.} ({Correct is} 66. Kb1 $1 Nd3 67. Bd2
a3 68. Ka1 $1 ({Valery and Jan investigate} 68. g4 Ne5 69. Bc3 Nc4 $1 70. Bf6
Nd2+ 71. Ka1 Ne4 $1 {
This position gave Timman a sleepless night. Later Goldsteen found the move}
72. Bc3 $3 {Promising seems} 72... Kxg5 73. Bb4 a2 74. Kb2 Kxg4 75. Bf8 Kf3 76.
Bg7 Nd2 77. Bc3 Ke2 78. Bg7 Kd3 {but} 79. Bc3 $1 {is okay.}) 68... a2 69. g4
Ne5 70. Bc3 Nc4 71. Bf6 {draws more easily.}) 66... Kxg5 67. Be7+ Kf5 68. g4+ (
{More resistance is offered by} 68. Kb2 $1 Ke6 $3 69. Bf8 Kf7 70. Bh6 $1 Nc4+
71. Kc3 b2 72. Kc2 a3 73. Kb1 Kg6 74. Bf4 Kf5 75. Bh6 Ke4 76. Ka2 Kd3 $1 {
(Salov).}) 68... Ke6 69. Bf8 Kf7 {Salov and Timman had chosen for
participation in the FIDE-cycle. They despised the break of Kasparov and Short
with FIDE in 1993.} ({The pointe is} 69... Kf7 70. Bc5 Nd3 71. Ba3 Kf6 $1 {
Black wins the last white pawn and the game.}) 0-1

[Event "Kramnik"]
[Site "Dortmund 1995"]
[Date "1975.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Kramnik, Vladimir"]
[Black "Ivanchuk, Vassily"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D21"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "99"]
[EventDate "1975.??.??"]

{Vladimir Kramnik (1975) plays all aspects of the game with virtuosity. His
greatest expertise lies in the endgame.} 1. Nf3 d5 2. d4 e6 3. c4 dxc4 4. Qa4+
Nc6 5. Qxc4 Nf6 6. Bg5 h6 7. Bxf6 Qxf6 8. Nc3 Bd6 9. g3 O-O 10. Bg2 Bd7 11. O-O
Rfd8 12. Rac1 Qe7 13. Ne4 Be8 14. e3 Rac8 15. Rfd1 a6 16. Nc5 Bxc5 17. Qxc5
Qxc5 18. Rxc5 Ne7 {White pieces exert pressure in different ways.} 19. Ne5 Nd5
$6 (19... b6 20. Rcc1 f6 21. Nd3 c6 {
chases pieces away and creates a solid wall.}) 20. a3 f6 $2 {
This move should have been prepared.} 21. Bh3 $1 {A weakness comes under fire.}
21... fxe5 $5 ({Even worse would be} 21... Rd6 $2 22. Nc4) ({or} 21... Bf7 $2
22. Nxf7 Kxf7 23. e4 Ne7 24. d5 {(Kramnik).}) 22. Bxe6+ Bf7 23. Bxc8 Rxc8 24.
dxe5 {Black has two minor pieces for a rook and two pawns.} 24... Nb6 25. Rd4
Be6 26. f4 Kf7 27. e4 g6 28. Kf2 Ke7 29. Rc1 $5 a5 $5 30. Rc5 a4 31. Rb4 Bd7
32. Rc1 Bc6 33. Ke3 Nd7 (33... Bd7 {is answered by} 34. g4 $1 Bxg4 35. f5 $1
gxf5 36. Kf4 {and the restriction of the kingside has ended.}) 34. Rbc4 Rb8 35.
h4 $5 h5 $1 36. Rg1 Rh8 37. Rc2 Ke6 38. Rgc1 Nb8 39. Rc5 Ke7 40. R1c2 Nd7 $2 ({
Correct is} 40... Rf8 {(Kramnik).}) 41. Rxc6 $1 {
The position is opened by a sacrifice.} 41... bxc6 42. Rxc6 Rb8 43. Rxg6 Rxb2 {
The pawns in the central area are ready for an attack.} 44. f5 $1 {
Naturally this is not a real sacrifice.} 44... Rb3+ 45. Kf4 $1 Rxa3 46. Rg7+
Ke8 47. e6 Nf6 48. g4 $1 {Again White plays a magnificent move. Sacrificing a
pawn is even better than capturing a pawn. Black is able to capture the heroic
pawn in two manners.} ({Avoids} 48. e5 $2 Nd5+ 49. Ke4 Nc3+ $11) 48... Ra1 ({
The pointes are} 48... hxg4 49. Ke5) (48... Nxg4 49. e5) ({and} 48... Rh3 49.
g5 Rxh4+ 50. Kf3 {(Kramnik).}) 49. e5 Nd5+ 50. Ke4 {
Vladimir played a wonderful endgame.} (50. Ke4 Nc3+ 51. Kd4 Nb5+ 52. Kc4 {
and White wins easily (Kramnik).}) 1-0

[Event "Kramnik"]
[Site "Dos Hermanas 1997"]
[Date "1975.??.??"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Kramnik, Vladimir"]
[Black "Illescas Cordoba, Miguel"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "A17"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "154"]
[EventDate "1975.??.??"]

1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Qc2 O-O 5. a3 Bxc3 6. Qxc3 b6 7. g3 Bb7 8.
Bg2 c5 9. b4 d6 10. O-O Nbd7 11. Bb2 Qe7 12. d3 Rfc8 13. b5 a6 14. a4 axb5 15.
axb5 Qf8 16. e4 Rxa1 17. Rxa1 Ra8 18. Qc1 Rxa1 19. Qxa1 Qa8 20. Qxa8+ Bxa8 {
White has slight positional advantages like the pair of bishops. The game
really starts for Kramnik.} 21. Nd2 $1 {
The knight goes on its way to threaten the weakness b6.} 21... Ne8 22. Nb1 $1
Bb7 23. f4 f6 $2 {The centre pawns are weakened.} 24. Nc3 Kf7 25. Na4 Ke7 26.
d4 Kd8 27. d5 exd5 {Black may not lose a tempo.} 28. exd5 Nc7 29. Bh3 Na8 $1 {
White threatened 30.Bxd7. Black has protected the weakness b6 in time.} 30. Be6
Nf8 31. f5 {The weakness e6 has been used by White.} 31... Bc8 32. Kf2 Bd7 33.
g4 Ke7 34. g5 $1 {
A breakthrough starts on the kingside. Black is in zugzwang nearly.} 34... Nxe6
35. fxe6 Be8 $1 36. gxf6+ gxf6 37. Ke3 Bg6 {
This bishop has moved to a favourable square in five moves.} 38. Kd2 $5 {
The white king defends the queenside temporarily.} 38... Be4 39. Bc1 Bg2 40.
Kc3 Bf1 41. Bh6 Bg2 42. Bf4 Bf1 43. Nb2 Nc7 44. Nd1 Bg2 45. Ne3 {
The knight takes over the protection of c4.} 45... Be4 46. Bh6 Ne8 47. Kd2 {
Is Black able to activate his knight?} 47... Nc7 ({The natural} 47... f5 $2 {
fails due to} 48. Bg5+ Kf8 (48... Nf6 {leads to a fatal pin}) 49. Bd8) 48. Ke2
Ne8 49. Kf2 Nc7 50. Kg3 Bd3 51. Kg4 $1 Ne8 52. Kf4 Bb1 (52... Be2 53. Ke4 $1 {
leads to zugzwang.}) 53. Nf5+ Kd8 ({A witty line is} 53... Bxf5 $2 54. Kxf5 Nc7
55. Bg7 Ne8 56. Bh8 $1) 54. Bf8 Bd3 55. Be7+ $1 Kc7 56. Ne3 Kc8 57. Kg4 Kc7 58.
Kh5 Ng7+ 59. Kh6 Ne8 ({No good is} 59... Nf5+ $2 60. Nxf5 Bxf5 61. Kg7 Bd3 62.
Kf7 Bxc4 63. Bd8+ $1) 60. h4 Kc8 61. h5 Kc7 62. Ng2 $1 Kc8 {
The black bishop has to protect h7.} 63. Nf4 Bc2 {
All preparations have been made.} 64. Bxf6 $2 {He sacrifices the wrong piece!}
({Right is} 64. Ng6 $1 hxg6 65. hxg6 Bd3 66. g7 Nxg7 67. Kxg7 Bxc4 68. Bxd6
Bxb5 69. Kf8 {and White wins (Kramnik).}) 64... Nxf6 65. Kg7 Ne8+ 66. Kf7 Nc7 (
66... Kd8 $2 67. e7+ Kd7 68. Ne6 Bd1 69. Nf8+ Kc8 70. h6 $1 Bh5+ 71. Kg8 Nf6+
72. Kh8 {and White wins with great difficulties.}) 67. e7 h6 68. Ne6 $1 Bd1 $1
69. Kg6 Ne8 70. Nf8 Be2 71. Kxh6 Bxc4 72. Kg6 {The battle rages on.} 72... Bxd5
$6 ({Probably Black draws in} 72... Bd3+ 73. Kf7 c4 74. Kxe8 c3 75. Kf7 Bxb5
76. h6 c2 77. h7 c1=Q 78. h8=Q Qf4+ 79. Qf6 Be8+ {(Kramnik).}) 73. h6 c4 $2 {
The last chance is missed.} (73... Nc7 $1 74. Ne6 $1 Bxe6 75. h7 Kd7 76. h8=Q
Kxe7 {Black has a fortress. I do not find a win for White.}) 74. h7 Be4+ 75.
Kf7 Bxh7 76. Kxe8 Bg8 77. Nd7 $1 c3 {Black overstepped the time limit in a
lost position. It has been a great battle.} (77... c3 78. Kf8 {and White wins.}
) 1-0

[Event "Kramnik"]
[Site "BGN W Ch London 2000"]
[Date "1975.10.12"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Kasparov, Gary"]
[Black "Kramnik, Vladimir"]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[ECO "C67"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "106"]
[EventDate "1975.09.01"]

{When Kramnik played with Black against Kasparov in the world title match, he
had to avoid Gary's opening preparation.} 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 4. O-O
Nxe4 5. d4 Nd6 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. dxe5 Nf5 8. Qxd8+ Kxd8 {The Berlin Defence was
renamed 'Berlin Wall' during this match. White seems to have a great advantage
but it appears to be hard to make any progress.} 9. Nc3 Bd7 10. b3 h6 11. Bb2
Kc8 12. Rad1 ({Kasparov played} 12. h3 {in the first game and achieved little.}
) 12... b6 $5 {Vladimir diverts from Shirov-Krasenkov, Polanica Zdroj 2000.}
13. Ne2 $1 c5 14. c4 Bc6 15. Nf4 Kb7 $1 ({Kramnik avoids} 15... Bxf3 16. gxf3 {
after a long thought due to passivity.}) 16. Nd5 $1 Ne7 $1 17. Rfe1 Rg8 $1 {
Black starts a remarkable development of the king's rook. The planned route to
the open d-file is h8-g8-g6-e6-e8-d8.} 18. Nf4 $1 {
The knight returns in order to prepare e5-e6.} 18... g5 19. Nh5 Rg6 $5 {
Kramnik has planned ..Re6. Kasparov prevents this move.} 20. Nf6 Bg7 21. Rd3
Bxf3 $5 {Two exchanges lessen the pressure.} 22. Rxf3 Bxf6 23. exf6 Nc6 24. Rd3
Rf8 $1 25. Re4 (25. Rd7 Kc8 {shows the point of black's prophylactic move.})
25... Kc8 26. f4 gxf4 27. Rxf4 Re8 ({Black draws quickly with} 27... Nb4 $1 28.
Re3 Rd8 $1 {(threatens ..Nd3)} 29. Rff3 (29. Re7 $2 Rd2 $1 30. Rf2 Rxf2 31.
Kxf2 Nd3+) 29... Rd1+ 30. Rf1 Rd2 31. Rf2) 28. Bc3 Re2 29. Rf2 Re4 30. Rh3 $5 {
Kasparov wants to win.} (30. Rfd2 Nd4 {followed by exchanges draws.}) 30... a5
31. Rh5 $5 a4 32. bxa4 $6 Rxc4 33. Bd2 Rxa4 34. Rxh6 Rg8 $6 ({
Kramnik can make an attempt to win, but he misses} 34... Rxh6 $1 35. Bxh6 c4
36. g4 c3 37. h3 Rb4) 35. Rh7 Rxa2 $1 36. Rxf7 Ne5 $1 37. Rg7 Rf8 38. h3 c4 ({
Even stronger is} 38... Nd3 $1 39. f7 Kd7 $1 40. Rg8 Ra1+ 41. Kh2 Nxf2 42. Rxf8
Ke7) 39. Re7 ({Kramnik prefers} 39. Bc3 Rxf2 40. Kxf2 {but} 40... Nd7 {
draws in that case.}) 39... Nd3 40. f7 Nxf2 $1 ({
The second Lautier worried about} 40... Kd8 $4 41. Re8+ Rxe8 42. Bg5+ {
but his boss pays attention and safely reached the time control after forty
moves in two hours.}) 41. Re8+ Kd7 42. Rxf8 Ke7 43. Rc8 Kxf7 44. Rxc7+ Ke6 45.
Be3 $1 Nd1 $1 46. Bxb6 ({Not} 46. Rxc4 $2 Rxg2+ 47. Kxg2 $4 Nxe3+) 46... c3 47.
h4 Ra6 48. Bd4 Ra4 49. Bxc3 Nxc3 50. Rxc3 Rxh4 51. Rf3 Rh5 52. Kf2 Rg5 53. Rf8
Ke5 {White goes forwards and his opponent centralises.   Kramnik was
successful with his prophylactic strategy. He drew with Black anytime. The
results were even better with White.} (53... Ke5 54. Kf3 Rf5+ 55. Rxf5+ Kxf5 {
is elementary.}) 1/2-1/2

[Event "Kramnik"]
[Site "Dortmund 2001"]
[Date "1975.07.12"]
[Round "4"]
[White "Topalov, Veselin"]
[Black "Kramnik, Vladimir"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "A17"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "94"]
[EventDate "1975.07.12"]
[Source "ChessBase"]
[SourceDate "2001.11.13"]

1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Qb3 c5 5. g3 Nc6 6. a3 Ba5 7. Bg2 O-O 8. O-O
d5 9. d3 h6 10. Bf4 Re8 11. Na4 b6 12. Ne5 Bd7 13. e3 g5 14. Nxc6 Bxc6 15. Be5
Ng4 16. Bc3 Bxc3 17. Nxc3 dxc4 18. dxc4 Bxg2 19. Kxg2 Qe7 20. Ne4 f5 21. h3 Ne5
22. Qc3 Nd7 23. Nd2 Rad8 24. Rad1 Nf6 25. Nf3 Rxd1 26. Rxd1 {
Nothing seems to happen.} 26... e5 $1 {
Suddenly the pin ..Qb7 threatens. White has no convincing answer.} 27. Qc2 $2 (
{The players dislike} 27. Ng1 $1 Qb7+ 28. Kh2 Kf7 {but} 29. f3 $1 e4 30. f4 {
creates a defensive screen.}) 27... e4 $1 28. Ng1 $6 ({Better is} 28. Ne1)
28... Rd8 29. Ne2 Rxd1 30. Qxd1 Qd7 31. Qxd7 Nxd7 {
Black controls more area. Furthermore the pawns c4 and h3 are wek.} 32. b3 {
The weakness of c4 transfers to b3.} 32... Ne5 33. Nc3 Kf7 34. g4 $5 {
Otherwise the weaknesses of b3, f2 and h3 will become fatal.} ({
Kramnik analyses} 34. Nb5 a5 $1 35. a4 Nf3 36. Nd6+ Ke6 37. Nc8 Nd2 38. Nxb6
Nxb3 {and Black has a great advantage.}) 34... fxg4 35. hxg4 Nxg4 36. Nxe4 Ke6
37. Nc3 Ne5 {The distant passed pawn decides the knight ending, like it did in
Lasker-Nimzowitsch, Zuerich 1934.} 38. f4 $5 ({More prudent is} 38. Kg3 Nc6 39.
Ne4 Ke5 40. f3 $1 Ne7 41. Kg2 Nf5 42. Kf2 {but} 42... g4 $1 43. Nc3 h5 {
advances the distant passed pawn.}) 38... gxf4 39. exf4 Nc6 40. Nb5 h5 $1 {
The passed pawn becomes a real danger.} 41. Kg3 a5 42. Nc7+ Kf5 43. Nd5 Nd4 44.
Kh4 {White wants to exchange.} 44... Nxb3 45. Kxh5 Nd2 46. Nxb6 Kxf4 47. Na4
Ne4 {Vladimir has scored a wonderful positional win. Naturally the opponent
seems to reach a lost position.} ({Topalov notices} 47... Ne4 48. Kg6 Ke5 49.
Kf7 Kd4 50. Ke6 Kxc4 51. Ke5 Kb3 52. Nb6 Nd2 {
Black has won a pawn. Sufficient material has remained for a win.}) 0-1

[Event "Kramnik"]
[Site "Wijk aan Zee 2003"]
[Date "1975.01.14"]
[Round "5"]
[White "Kramnik, Vladimir"]
[Black "Bareev, Evgeny"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "B19"]
[Annotator "JvR"]
[PlyCount "95"]
[EventDate "1975.01.11"]
[Source "ChessBase"]
[SourceDate "2003.04.01"]

1. e4 c6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 dxe4 4. Nxe4 Bf5 5. Ng3 Bg6 6. h4 h6 7. Nf3 Nd7 8. h5
Bh7 9. Bd3 Bxd3 10. Qxd3 Ngf6 11. Bf4 e6 12. O-O-O Be7 13. Ne4 Nxe4 14. Qxe4
Nf6 15. Qd3 Qd5 16. c4 Qe4 17. Qxe4 Nxe4 {
No player has an advantage in a known position.} 18. Be3 Nd6 $5 {
Bareev starts a counterattack before he castles.} 19. b3 Bf6 20. g4 {
The first new move, according to Kramnik. He wants to gain territory.} 20... b5
$1 {Black counters.} 21. Nd2 ({The advance} 21. c5 $5 {weakens square d5.})
21... Kd7 22. Kc2 Bd8 $6 {The bishop has no use on the queenside.} ({
More useful is} 22... Rhd8 23. f4 Ke8) 23. Nf3 $1 Bf6 $5 {
Bareev changes his mind.} 24. Ne5+ Kc7 25. c5 $5 ({More natural looks} 25. Bf4
Bxe5 {(Kramnik)} 26. Bxe5 $1 f6 27. Bf4 Kd7 28. Kd3) 25... Bxe5 26. dxe5 Nc8 {
The knight is on its way to d5.} 27. Rh3 $1 Ne7 28. Rf3 Rhf8 29. Rd6 $1 a5 30.
g5 $1 {The attack on the kingside begins.} 30... hxg5 ({The immediate} 30...
Nf5 $6 {allows the positional sacrifice} 31. gxh6 gxh6 32. Rxf5 $1 exf5 33.
Rxh6 $1 Rh8 34. Rf6 {(Kramnik).}) 31. Bxg5 Nf5 $1 {The knight has to control
h6. Pawn f7 needs indirect protection. Black has lost the struggle for the
d-file, because the knight cannot go to d5 and square d8 cannot be occupied by
a rook.} 32. Rd1 a4 33. b4 {
Black has to look for counter-play, if he wants to survive.} 33... Kc8 $2 {
Black becomes completely passive.} ({The counterattack} 33... Rh8 $1 34. Rfd3
Raf8 $1 {develops the rooks and attacks a pawn.} 35. Rd7+ Kb8 $1 {
White has not a decisive attack (Lukacs).}) 34. Rfd3 Ra7 35. Rd8+ Rxd8 36.
Rxd8+ Kb7 37. Kc3 Ka6 38. Kd3 $1 Rc7 39. Ke4 Kb7 40. Rd1 Kc8 41. Rd8+ Kb7 42.
Kf4 $1 Rc8 43. Rd7+ Rc7 44. Rd3 Kc8 ({Black repeats the moves because} 44...
Rc8 {fails due to} 45. Bd8) 45. Rd8+ Kb7 {An unexpected decision occurs.} 46.
Bf6 $3 {White brings a magnificent sacrifice. He threatens with the
continuation 47.Bxg7.} 46... g6 (46... gxf6 47. exf6 Rc8 48. Rxc8 Kxc8 49. Kg5
$1 Kd7 50. h6 Nxh6 51. Kxh6 e5 52. Kh7 $1 {
and White wins the tempo play (Kramnik):} 52... e4 53. Kg7 Ke6 54. a3) 47. hxg6
fxg6 48. Kg5 {Kramnik plays a perfect combination of combinatory struggle and
subtle prophylaxis.} 1-0

