[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Introduction"]
[Black "Solutions"]
[Result "*"]


{INTRODUCTION & How to Solve 

A direct-mate problem stipulates that White moves first and mates Black in a specified number of moves, no matter what Black plays.  In a mate-in-two problem, White moves first, then Black, then White mates on his second move. The stipulation is inviolable: mate must be accomplished in exactly two moves, no more, no fewer. 

Here is a collection of "abbreviated" two-move chess problems with White's first move already played. The rest of the solution-the Black defenses and the mating moves that refute them-is for you to find. The stipulation for every problem in this book is: 

Black to move, then White mates in one. 

Knowing that White must mate on the next move, your job is to find each of Black's relevant defenses-moves that attempt to avert or avoid the mate-and the White moves that refute them. I emphasize relevant. Not every conceivable Black move is relevant to the solution. For example, in No.1, White threatens 2 Rb5#. Black's bishop has nothing to do with that threat, so none of its possible moves are listed. 

One way to start solving these puzzles is to locate the Black king and find a mating move by White. Then see what moves by Black meet that threat. That's not the whole story, of course. Every move you make for Black will be met by a White mate-not necessarily the mate you've defended against but an unexpected move from elsewhere on the board. This new mate has been made possible by the defense you played against the original threat! The real fun of solving these puzzles is seeing how ingeniously their composers have accounted for every detail. 

My thanks to Peter Gordon, my editor at Sterling Publishing, who was quite taken with this new type of puzzle, which he called Mate in 1 1/2. 

Thanks also to my everlastingly patient wife, Carol. 

Burt Hochberg 


SOLUTIONS 

Following the name of the composer and the source, there appears the word "Threat" or "Zugzwang." In a threat problem, White with his first move threatens to mate Black immediately with the specified move unless Black prevents it. Black can't, of course, but the various tries and White's answers to them demonstrate the composer's art. Zugzwang is a very important chess term that is particularly useful in the endgame. It means, literally, the compulsion, or necessity, to move when any move loses more or less directly. In a zugzwang problem, White does not threaten anything specific right away but sets the stage for the mate according to how Black plays. 

The Black defenses in each solution given here are arranged according to the piece or pawn that is moving, in left-to-right order (files a-h, and from top to bottom (ranks 8-1). That is, defensive tries by pieces on the a-file come before those on the b-file, etc. For the sake of economy, moves by the same piece are bunched together but separated by a slash; thus 1 ... Ne6/f7/g6/f5, etc. Moves by different pieces that are met by the same White mating move are separated by a comma: 1 ... Rd7, Bd5 2 Qe6#. You may have to do a little searching for the move you want. The symbol ~ means "any"; thus 1 ... B ~ means any move by the bishop. Black defenses not found here are not relevant. 


About the Author 

Burt Hochberg is the author of Winning With Chess Psychology (with Pal Benko), The 64-Square Looking Glass, Chess Braintwisters, and Mensa Guide to Chess. He was the editor of Chess Life magazine from 1966-79.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #1"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "8/1K2P3/BN3Q2/2k5/1R4r1/p2nNp2/1Bn4b/3q4 b - - 0 1"]

{1 (from I. Aleshin, Shakhmaty v SSSR, 1946). Threat 2 Rb5#. 1 ... Kxb4 2 Qc3#. 1 ... Ncxb4 2 Nd7#. 1 ... Nd4 2 Rc4#. 1 ... Ndxb4 2 Na4#. 1 ... Rxb4 2 Qc6#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #2"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "b5B1/4p3/R3r1kr/4Q2N/2N3P1/8/8/2B1K3 b - - 0 1"]

{2 (from R. Amourette, Miroir du Monde, 1937). Threat 2 Qe6#, Nf4#. 1 ... Bd5, Nd7 2 Nf4#. 1 ... Nd5 2 Qe4#. 1 ... Rd6 2 Qf5/g5/g7#, Nf4#. 1 ... Rc6 2 Qf5/g5/e4/g7#, Nf4#. 1 ... Rf6 2 Qg5#. 1 ... Rxe5+ 2 Nxe5#. 1 ... Rh7/h8 2 Qxe6#. 1 ... Rxh5 2 gxh5#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #3"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "2Nb4/6nK/b1r4p/5kp1/q1R3N1/6P1/4R3/3B4 b - - 0 1"]

{3 (from I. Anderson, Canadian Chess Chat, 1981). Threat 2 Re5#. 1 ... Qa5/a1 2 Bc2#. 1 ... Bf6 2 Nxh6#. 1 ... Bc7 2 Ne7#. 1 ... Re6 2 Rf2#. 1 ... Rc5 2 Nd6#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #4"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "3n4/2QnR3/3Pb3/1P1k1p2/4R3/7p/K3P1r1/B2N3B b - - 0 1"]

{4 (from D. Andrieu, 1935). Threat 2 Nc3#. 1 ... Nc6 2 Qxc6#. 1 ... Kxe4+ 2 Qc4#. 1 ... fxe4 2 Ne3#. 1 ... Rg3 2 Re5#. 1 ... Rxe2+ 2 Rxe2#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #5"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "1N2R3/5n2/1K1k4/3ppp2/2p1Q3/8/5R2/8 b - - 0 1"]

{5 (from T.M. Brown, NY Albion, 1960) Zugzwang. 1 ... c3 2 Qb4#. 1 dxe4 2 Rd2#. 1 ... d4 2 Qc6#. 1 ... fxe4 2 Rf6#. 1 ... f4 2 Qg6#. 1 Nd8/h8/h6/g5 2 Qxe5#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #6"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "1n6/bb6/3p4/P1k2N1R/P1N5/4Kp2/3P2PQ/2RBB3 b - - 0 1"]

{6 (from A. Ianovcic, Sachovy Svet, 1925). Threat 2 Qxd6#. 1 ... Kc6+ 2 Nb6#. 1 ... Kd5+ 2 Nd4#. 1 ... Kb4+ 2 d4#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #7"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "4R2b/1Q6/2N1Np1K/5k2/R7/3n3P/4Pr2/B1n4b b - - 0 1"]

{7 (from A.Jakab, Magyar Sakkelet 2, 1925). Threat 2 Qh7#. 1 ... Ne5 2 Ncd4#. 1 ... Nf4 2 Ned4# 1 ... Rg2 2 e4#. 1 ... Bg7+ 2 Nxg7#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #8"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "6b1/2nQp2p/8/8/r4kNK/4Np2/2B2P2/5n2 b - - 0 1"]

{8 (from F.Janet, St. LouiS Globe Democrat, 1916). Threat 2 Qf5#. 1 ... Ra5 2 Qd4#. 1 ... Ne6 2 Nd5#. 1 ... e6 2 Qxa4#. 1 ... Nxe3 2 fxe3#. 1 ... Ng3 2 fxg3#. 1 ... Be6 2 Qxc7#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #9"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "8/b2N1n2/b3p3/8/1QPk4/2ppNP2/5K2/5B2 b - - 0 1"]

{9 (from F. Lazard, L'Echiquier, 1928). Zugzwang. 1 Bb6 2 Qxb6#. 1 ... Bc5 2 Qxc5#. 1 ... Bb8 2 Qb6/c5#. 1 Bb7/c8 2 c5#. 1 Bb5 2 cxb5#. 1 ... Bxc4 2 Qxc4#. 1 ... c2 2 Qb2#. 1 ... d2 2 Nc2#. 1 e5 2 Nf5#. 1 ... Nd8/h8/d6/h6/e5/g5 2 Q(x)d6#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #10"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "3bR3/3R1N1B/qpr3n1/1b2BPp1/r3k1P1/3n1p2/2PPN2K/1Q6 b - - 0 1"]

{10 (from H. Prins, TM Belliboni, 1991) Threat 2 Ng3#. 1 ... Rd6 2 Nc3#. 1 ... Ndxe5 2 c4#. 1 ... fxe2/f2 2 Qh1#. 1 ... Ngxe5 2 f6#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #11"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "8/3K4/7Q/2pkp3/2ppp3/8/8/8 b - - 0 1"]

{11 (from FT. Vance, Dubuque ChessJournal, 1892). Threat 2 Qc6/d6/e6#. 1 ... c3 2 Qe6#. 1 ... d3 2 Qd6#. 1 ... e3 2 Qc6#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #12"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "8/8/1b1ppNbB/nQr2k2/n1p3N1/1P2p1p1/2Kp1q2/1BR2R2 b - - 0 1"]

{12 (from White, 1906). Threat 2 Kd1#. 1 ... Nb2 2 Kxb2#. 1 ... Nc3 2 Kxc3#. 1 ... c3 2 Qd3#. 1 ... dxc1=Q+/R+/N+ 2 Kxc1#. 1 ... e5 2 Qd7#. 1 ... e2 2 Kxd2#. 1 ... Qf4 2 Rxf4#. 1 Qf3 2 Rxf3#. 1... Qxf1 2 Rxf1#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #13"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "8/2pQ2b1/K1Bqp3/8/1R6/N2k4/3P3R/8 b - - 0 1"]

{13 (from White, 1918). Zugzwang. 1... Qxd7 2 Be4#. 1... Qd5 2 Bb5#. 1 ... Qd4 2 Rb3#. 1 ... e5 2 Qh3#. 1 ... B~ 2 Qh7#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #14"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "6B1/8/8/4K3/1Q6/pN6/kpn1N3/B7 b - - 0 1"]

{14 (from Yaroslavcev, date unk.). Threat 2 Nc3#. 1... Kb1 2 Nc3#. 1 ... bxa1=Q+/B+ 2 Nbd4#. 1 ... bxa1=R 2 Na5/c5/d4/d2/c1#. 1 ... bxa1=N 2 Nbc1#. 1...b1=N 2 Nec1#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #15"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "R7/Rp1K1k1n/5PpP/3pp1QN/2p5/B7/B7/8 b - - 0 1"]

{15 (from B.P. Barnes, The Problemist, 2002). Zugzwang. 1 ... b6/b5 2 Kd6#. 1 ... c3 2 Bxd5#. 1 ... d4 2 Bxc4#. 1 ... e4 2 Qxd5#. 1 ... Nf8/xg5 2 R(x)f8#. 1 ... Nxf6+ 2 Qxf6#. 1 ... gxh5 2 Qg7#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #16"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "BK6/1NPR4/8/R4P2/r3k3/4p1P1/1q6/5Qbb b - - 0 1"]

{16 (from A. Ellerman, Guidelli-Gedenk Turnier, 1925). Threat 2 Qf4#. 1 Qd4 2 Nd6#. 1 ... Qe5 2 Nc5#. 1 ... Qf2 2 Nd8#. 1 ... Bf2 2 Qxh1#. 1 Bf3 2 Qd3#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #17"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "8/8/5n2/3R1K2/B1k5/3N1Q2/Np1R4/1q6 b - - 0 1"]

{17 (from M. Lipton, II Due Mosse, 1959). Zugzwang. 1 ... Qxa2/c2 2 R(x)c2#. 1... Qa1 2 Ne5, Rc2#. 1... Qc1 2 Ne5#. 1... Qxd3+ 2 Qxd3#. 1... Qd1 2 Ne5/xb2#. 1... Qe1 2 Nxb2#. 1... Qf1/gl/h1 2 Ne5/xb2, Rc2#. 1 ... Ne8/g8/d7/h7/xd5/h5/g4 2 Qe4#. 1 ... Ne4 2 Ne5, Qxe4#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #18"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "5n1n/3N1kPR/5PR1/8/2N1K3/8/B7/8 b - - 0 1"]

{18 (from J. Hartong, Probleemblad, 1957). Zugzwang. 1 ... Nxd7/xh7/e6, Kxg6 2 g8=Q#. 1 ... Nfxg6, Nhxg6 2 Nd6#. 1 ... Ke8 2 gxf8=Q/R#. 1 ... Ke6 2 gxf8=N#. 1 ... Kg8 2 gxh8=Q/R#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #19"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "8/7R/2B5/8/6P1/3K1R1q/4N2b/4N2k b - - 0 1"]

{19 (from M. Lipton, The Problemis, 1953). Threat 2 Rfxh3#. 1 ... Qxf3+ 2 Bxf3#. 1 ... Qg3 2 Rxg3#. 1 ... Qg2/f1/xg4 2 R(x)f1 #. 1 ... Qxh7+ 2 Rf5#. 1 ... Qh6 2 Rf6/f1#. 1 ... Qh5 2 Rf5/f1#. 1 ... Bg3 2 Rf2#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #20"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "8/6bb/6p1/1K2N3/1p3nn1/3P1p2/R1P1k2p/1BQN3R b - - 0 1"]

{20 (from M. R. Vukcevie, Die Schwalbe, 1961). Threat 2 c3/c4#. 1 ... b3 2 cxb3#. 1 ... Nxd3 2 cxd3#. 1 ... Bxe5 2 c3#. 1 ... Ne3 2 Qxe3#. 1 ... Bg8 2 c4#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #21"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "2brrb2/8/p7/Q7/1p1kpPp1/1P1pN1P1/3K4/8 b - - 0 1"]

{21 (from J. Hartong, Jaarboek N.B. v P., 1952). Zugzwang. 1 ... Bd7, Rd5, Bd6 2 Q(x)d5#. 1 ... Be6, Re5, Be7 2 Q(x)e5#. 1 ... Bf5/b7, Rd7, Re6 2 N(x)f5#. 1 ... Rd6 2 QXb4#. 1 ... Re7, Bg7, Bh6 2 QXb4/b6#. 1 ... Bc5 2 Qa1#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #22"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "Kb4n1/8/1R6/1B1k4/NR6/1n1p4/8/4Q2b b - - 0 1"]

{22 (from K.A.K. Larsen, Good Companion, 1919). Threat 2 Qe6#. 1 Bd6 2 Bc6#. 1 ... Be5 2 Qxh1#. 1 ... Nc5 2 Nc3#. 1 ... Nd4 2 Bc4#. 1 Be4 2 Qxe4#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #23"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "4N3/P6K/1pn4p/1B1kbPQ1/N2P2r1/3R4/b1n4B/2R5 b - - 0 1"]

{23 (from Oey Gian Tiong, Problem, 1967). Threat 2 Nc3#. 1 ... N6xd4 2 a8=Q/B#. 1 ... N2xd4 2 Bxe6#. 1 ... Bxd4 2 Nf6#. 1 ... Ke4 2 Nc3#. 1 ... Rxd4 2 Qg2#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #24"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "8/5p2/5B2/1R6/P1k5/2pr1N2/bnQ4K/8 b - - 0 1"]

{24 (from D.J. Shire, The Problemist Suppl., 1997). Zugzwang. 1 ... Bb1/b3 2 Qx)b3#. 1 ... Nxa4 2 Qxa4#. 1 ... Nd1 2 Qxa2#. 1 ... Rd5/d6/d7/d8/dl 2 Qxc3#. 1 ... Rd4 2 Ne5#. 1 ... Re3/d2+ 2 N(x)d2#. 1 ... Rxf3 2 Qe4#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #25"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "8/p1Q2n2/P3p3/8/2pk2p1/3pr3/7R/1N3KBB b - - 0 1"]

{25 (from C.F. StubbS, St.john'S Globe, 1891). Zugzwang. 1 ... c3 2 Qxc3#. 1 d2 2 Rxd2#. 1 ... e5 2 Qxa7#. 1 ... Nd8/ h8/d6/h6/g5 2 Q(x)d6#. 1... Ne5 2 Qxa7/d6#. 1 ... g3 2 Rh4#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #26"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "K2R4/NNk5/1pp4R/7r/8/Q7/7b/7b b - - 0 1"]

{26 (from J.M. Rice, 1915). Threat 2 Qe7#. 1 ... b5 2 Qa5#. 1 ... c5 2 Nb5#. 1 ... Rc5 2 Rh7#. 1 ... Rd5 2 Rxc6#. 1 ... Re5, Bd6 2 Q(x)d6#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #27"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "Q7/1R6/5P2/3n2P1/7K/2N2k2/4N2R/6B1 b - - 0 1"]

{27 (from G.Jonsson, Schachvairlden, 1939). Zugzwang. 1 ... Nb6 2 Rxb6#. 1 ... Nb4 2 Rxb4#. 1 ... Nc7 2 Rxc7#. 1 ... Nxc3 2 Rb3#. 1 ... Ne7 2 Rxe7#. 1 ... Ne3 2 Rf2#. 1 ... ·Nxf6 2 Rf7#. 1 ... Nf4 2 Nd4#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #28"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "4R3/3r1n2/B7/n1pp2P1/1p1k1N2/2NppQb1/2rPP1KB/2R5 b - - 0 1"]

{28 (from F. Istokovics, L'Echiquier Belge, 1981-82). Threat 2 Qxe3#. 1 ... Nc4 2 Nb5#. 1 ... Re7 2 Qxd5#. 1 ... exd2 2 Qxd3#. 1 ... Bxf4 2 Qxf4#. 1 ... Bf2 2 Ne6#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #29"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "4Q3/8/6P1/5p1b/3p1k1P/K3Np1R/p5B1/B1n1N3 b - - 0 1"]

{29 (from X. Hawkins, La Presse, 1898). Zugzwang. 1 ... Nb3/d3/e2 2 N(x)d3#. 1 ... d3 2 Qe5#. 1 ... dxe3 2 Qa4#.1 ... f2 2 Qb8#. 1 ... fxg2 2 N1xg2#. 1 ... Bxg6 2 Rxf3#. 1 ... Bg4 2 Nd5#}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #30"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "KB1Q4/1p3p1q/prpn1P2/2k1N3/PrNn2bR/5P2/B2Q4/1R6 b - - 0 1"]

{30 (from K. Arnstam, Raketa, 1941). Threat 2 Qxd6#. 1 ... Kd5 2 Qxd6#. 1 ... Nc8/e8/xc4 2 Qxd4#, Qxd4#. 1 ... N6b5 2 Qxb4#. 1 ... N6f5 2 Nd3#. 1 ... Ne4 2 Qxd4/Nd3/Qxd4#. 1 ... N4b5 2 Qxb6#. 1 ... N4f5 2 Nd7#. 1 ... Bd7 2 Qxd4#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #31"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "n3K3/3QNB1p/2pP4/p3Rp2/3kpP1q/3P1n1R/5P2/2N1B3 b - - 0 1"]

{31 (from F. Andrade, Boletim de UBP, 1962). Threat 2 Nxc6, Nxf5#. 1 ... Nc7+ 2 dxc7#. 1 ... Qg4/xf4/h5/xh3/g5/f6 2 Nxc6#. 1 ... Nxe5 2 Nb3#. 1 ... Nd2/xe1 2 Ne2#. 1 ... Qxe7+ 2 dxe7#. 1 ... Qxf2 2 Nxf5#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #32"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "BBN5/2n1P3/3r1p2/p3kP2/1N2b1P1/2R1b1P1/KQP5/4R2q b - - 0 1"]

{32 (from G.C. Alvey, The Observer, 1920). Threat 2 Rc5#. 1 Nd5, Rd5 2 Nc6#. 1 ... Rd4 2 e8=Q/R#. 1 Kd4 2 Rc6/xc7#. 1... Bd5+ 2 Rc4#. 1 ... Bc6/b7/xa8/xf5 2 Rcxd3#. 1 Bd4 2 Nd3#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #33"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "6b1/2nQp2p/8/8/r4kNK/4Np2/2B2P2/5n2 b - - 0 1"]

{33 (from F. Janet, St. Louis Globe Democrat, 1916). Threat 2 Qf5#. 1 ... Ra5 2 Qd4#. 1 ... Ne6 2 Nd5#. 1 ... e6 2 Qxa4#. 1 ... Nxe3 2 fxe3#. 1 ... Be6 2 Qxc7#. 1 ... Ng3 2 fxg3#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #34"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "8/2B1K1p1/r2p1Np1/1b2k1p1/2RNP1R1/2pr4/5Qn1/2b4q b - - 0 1"]

{34 (from D. Andrieu, Miroir du Monde, 1937). Threat 2 Rc5#. 1 ... Rc6, Bxc4 2 Nd7#. 1 ... Bc6 2 Bxd6#. 1 ... Be3 2 Nf3#. 1 ... Rxd4 2 Qxd4#. 1 ... Re3, Nf4, Ba3 2 Rxg5#. 1 ... Ne3 2 Qg3#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #35"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "B4b2/3N1R2/2r4p/n1Q1p3/2n1k3/2K2N1r/5PP1/3R4 b - - 0 1"]

{35 (from R. Aumont, Casssa, 1943). Threat 2 Qd5#. 1 ... Nb6/d6/a3/b2/d2 2 Re1#. 1 ... Ne3 2 Nd2#. 1 ... Rxf3+ 2 gxf3#. 1 ... Bxc5 2 Nxc5#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #36"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "4k3/3N4/2P2BP1/7b/1prpB3/1P3pK1/n1P2PP1/Q3R3 b - - 0 1"]

{36 (from G. Authier, Le Probleme, 1949). Threat 2 Bxf3, Bd3#. 1 ... Nc3/c1 2 Qa8#. 1... Bg4 2 Bf5#. 1 ... Rxc6 2 Bxc6#. 1 Rc5 2 Bd5#. 1... Rc3 2 Bd3#. 1 ... Rxc2 2 Bxc2#. 1 ... d3 2 Qe5#. 1... fxg2 2 Bf3#. 1... Bxg6 2 Bxg6#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #37"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "8/8/p1p5/Pbp2N1B/p1nQpPRp/P3pk1r/7n/2N1K2R b K - 0 1"]

{37 (from F. Daniel, Szachi, 1959). Zugzwang. 1 ... cxd4 2 Nxd4#. 1 ... Nb6/d6/xa5/e5/xa3/b2/d2 2 Qxe3#. 1 ... e2 2 Qf2#. 1 ... Rg3 2 Nxh4#. 1 ... Nxg4 2 0-0#. 1 ... Nfl Rxf1#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #38"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "1b6/8/2B5/1NPP2RN/Rn2k1nK/1rB3pb/3PP3/5Q2 b - - 0 1"]

{38 (from S. Ekstrom and G. Andersson, Tidskrift for Schack, 1947). Threat 2 d6#. 1 ... Bd6 2 Nxd6# 1 ... Rc8 2 Qxf3/f5#. 1 ... Rf5 2 Qxf5#. 1 ... Nf6 2 Qf3#. 1 ... Ne5 2 Nxg3#. 1 ... Ne3 2 d3#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #39"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "K2n4/1P1rN3/BQ6/p1n1ppNp/3k2pP/2p4R/3r4/4R3 b - - 0 1"]

{39 (from W Grimshaw, Ill. London News Xl, 1870). Zugzwang. 1 ... a4 2 Qb4#. 1 ... c2 2 Qb2#. 1 ... Ndxb7/f7/c6/e6 2 N(x)e6#. 1 ... Rc7/xb7/xe7/d6 2 Q(x)d6#. 1 ... Rd5 2 Nxf5#. 1 ... Rc2/b2/a2/d3/e2/f2/g2/h2 2 R(x)d3#. 1 ... Rd1 2 Rxd1#. 1 ... e4 2 Qf6#. 1 ... f4 2 Re4#. 1 ... gxh3/g3 2 Nf3#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #40"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "5b2/1Q1p3P/1nrpN2P/2p2kpK/p5N1/R4pP1/5P1n/B3R3 b - - 0 1"]

{40 (from J. Hartong, Tijdsehrift, 1918). Zugzwang. 1 ... Na8/c8/d5/c4 2 Qb1#. 1 Rc7/c8 2 Qe4#. 1 c4 2 Nd4#. 1 .. dxe6 2 Qf7#. 1 ... d5 2 Re5#. 1 ... Bg7/e7 2 N(x)g7#. 1 ... Bxh6 2 Nxh6#. 1 ... Nxg4/f1 2 Rxf3#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #41"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "2q2b2/1pp1RN1B/5Q2/1P1k1N2/R2P4/K3P2r/PP4pr/8 b - - 0 1"]

{41 (from F. Istokovics,Jubile Szoghi-70, 1981) Threat 2 Qe5#. 1 ... Qe6 2 Qxe6#. 1 ... Qxf5 2 Qxf5#. 1 ... Bg7 2 Re5#. 1 ... Bxe7+ 2 Nxe7#. 1 ... Rxe3+ 2 Nxe3#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #42"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "1nR2B2/5p2/4pN2/1rp1kPKp/2Pn2Pp/3Pp2R/1Q2r3/7B b - - 0 1"]

{42 (from T. Kardos and Takacs, Magyar Sakkvilag, 1949). Zugzwang. 1 ... Nd7/a6/c6 2 N(x)d7#. 1 ... Ra5 2 Qxb8#. 1 ... Rb6/b7/b4/b3/xb2 2 Rxc5#. 1 ... exf5 2 Rxc5#. 1 ... Rh2 2 Rxe3, Qxh2#. 1 ... Re1 2 Qh2#. 1 ... Rd2/c2/xb2/f2/g2 2 Rxe3#. 1 ... hxg4 2 Nxg4#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #43"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "B3b3/n2R1p2/3ppN2/2p1kPPp/2pN1qPn/2P1p3/1Q5B/6K1 b - - 0 1"]

{43 (from A. Karlstrom, The Chess Problem, 1947). Zugzwang. 1 ... Nc8/c6/b5 2 N(x)c6#. 1 ... cxd4 2 cxd4#. 1 ... d5 2 Qb8#. 1 ... Bxd7 2 Nxd7#. 1 ... e2 2 Qxe2#. 1 ... exf5 2 Re7#. 1 ... Qg3+ 2 Bxg3#. 1 ... Qxh2+ 2 Qxh2#. 1 ... hxg4 2 Nxg4#. 1 ... Ng6/xf5/f3+/g2 2 N(x)f3#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #44"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "5rbB/3q1B2/8/N3N3/1P1k4/7p/1n1P3K/1r3R1Q b - - 0 1"]

{44 (from A. Kempe, Chess Player's Chronicle, 1853). Threat 2 Nb3, Rf4#. 1 ... Nd3 2 Nec6#. 1 ... Qa4 2 Rf4, Qd5#. 1 ... Qc6 2 Naxc6/b3#. 1 ... Qd5 2 Qxd5#. 1 ... Qxf7 2 Nac6#. 1 ... Qf5/g4 2 Nac6/b3, Qd5#. 1 ... Rxf7, Bh7, Qb7, Rel/xf1 2 Nb3#. 1 ... Bxf7, Qe6, Na4/c4/d1 2 Rf4#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #45"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "4R1bq/1p4r1/4B2b/2R4N/3pk2p/3p3p/K2P3N/nQ6 b - - 0 1"]

{45 (from L. Kubbel, Tijdskrifi for Schack, 1917). Threat 2 Bf7#. 1 ... Bxe6+ 2 Rxe6#. 1 ... Bf7, Rg6/g4/g3/g2/g1 2 Qxb7#. 1 ... Bh7, Rf7 2 Bf5#. 1 ... Re7/d7/c7/h7, Bg5 2 Qh1#. 1 ... Rg5 2 Qe1#. 1 ... Bf4 2 Nf5#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #46"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "1q2N3/2p2B2/4R1rp/3k4/6p1/1PpNP1K1/8/3Q4 b - - 0 1"]

{46 (from L. Kubbel, Sydney Herald, 1908). Threat 2 Qh1#. 1 ... Qb4 2 Nxc7#. 1 ... Qxb3 2 Qxb3#. 1 ... c6+ 2 Re5#. 1 ... c5+ 2 Nf4#. 1 ... Rf6 2 Nxf6#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #47"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "Kn2nr2/2p1R3/8/p2p4/rQ6/bB2B3/3p2pN/4k3 b - - 0 1"]

{47 (from L. Kubbel, Kagan Sakk-konyvkiai, 1922). Threat 2 Qxd2, Bg1, Bd4, Bc5, Bb6, Ba7#. 1 ... axb4+ 2 Ba7#. 1 ... Rxb4 2 Bd4#. 1 ... Bxb4 2 Bc5#. 1 ... Bb2 2 Qxd2, Bd4#. 1 ... Bc1 2 Bg1/d4/c5/b6/a7#. 1 ... Nd7/c6, Ng7/d6/f6, Rf7/f6/f5/f4/f3, Ke3 2 Qxd2#. 1 ... c5 2 Qxd2, Bg1/d4/xc5#. 1 ... d4 2 Qxd2, Bg1/xd4#. 1 ... Rf2 2 Bxd2#. 1 ... gl=Q/B/N 2 Qxd2, Bxg1#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #48"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "1B2Q3/1p2N1K1/4k3/2R1n1Pb/q3n2r/1P5r/B3N3/3R4 b - - 0 1"]

{48 (from A. Mari, II Sekolo Tournoi 1921). Threat 2 Rxe5#. 1 ... Nd7 2 Ng6#. 1 ... Nf7 2 Nc6#. 1 ... Nc6 2 Qd7#. 1 ... Ng6 2 Qf7#. 1 ... Nc4, Qa5/d4/b5 2 N(x)d4#. 1 ... Ng4 2 Nf4#. 1 ... Nd3/f3 2 bxa4#. 1 ... Nd6/xc5 2 R(x)d6#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #49"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "3k4/NR3nN1/8/1nr4p/r2qR1QK/6pb/8/B5b1 b - - 0 1"]

{49 (from Marshall, 1941). Threat 2 Re8#. 1 ... Nc7 2 Rb8#. 1 ... Nfd6, Nbd6, Qd7/xe4/e5/xg7 2 R(x)d7#. 1 ... Re5 2 Nc6#. 1 ... Ne5 2 Qg5#. 1 ... Qe3 2 Rd7, Bf6#. 1 ... Qf6+ 2 Bxf6#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #50"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "Q6Q/8/3p2p1/2P1R3/1KN2pqp/1P4p1/r3P3/kr5R b - - 0 1"]

{50 (from N. Petrovic, Sahovski Vjesnik, 1948). Threat 2 Rd5, Re6, Re7, Re8, Rf5, Rg5, Rh5, Re4, Re3#. 1 ... dxc5 2 Rxc5#. 1 ... d5 2 Rxd5#. 1 ... dxe5 2 Qxe5#. 1 ... f3 2 Re4#. 1 ... g5 2 Rd5/e6/e7/e8/f5/xg5/e4/e3#. 1 ... Qc8 2 Re8#. 1 ... Qd7 2 Re7#. 1 ... Qe6 2 Rxe6#. 1 ... Qxe2 2 Rxe2#. 1 ... Qf5 2 Rxf5#. 1 ... Qf3 2 Re3#. 1 ... Qg5 2 Rxg5#. 1 ... Qh5 2 Rxh5#. 1 ... Rxa8 2 Qxa8#. 1 ... Ra7 2 Qxa7#. 1 ... Ra6 2 Qxa6#. 1 ... Ra5 2 Qxa5#. 1 ... Ra4+ 2 Qxa4#. 1 Ra3 2 Qxa3#. 1 ... Rcl 2 Rxc1#. 1 ... Rd1 2 Rxd1 #. 1 ... Re1 2 Rxe1 #. 1 ... Rf1 2 Rxf1#. 1 ... Rg1 2 Rxg1#. 1 ... Rxh1 2 Qxh1#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #51"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "Kb4n1/1Q6/pN2p3/2P1k3/3pn1PB/3rq1P1/5N2/4Rr1b b - - 0 1"]

{51 (from A. Pituk, Magyar Sakkelet 7, 1955). Threat 2 Nd7, Nc4#. 1 ... Nd6/d2 2 Nd7, Nxd3#. 1 ... Nef6 2 Nc4, Nxd3#. 1 ... Ng5, Rc3, Qg5 2 Nd7#. 1 ... Nxg3 2 Nxd3#. 1 ... Ngf6, Nxc5 2 Nc4#. 1 ... Qc1 2 Qxb8, Nd7, Nxd3#. 1 ... Qxg3 2 Qxb8#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #52"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "B3RR2/6KQ/2NPP1N1/2P3pp/4k3/2p4r/qp1pp3/6B1 b - - 0 1"]

{52 (from I.A. Schiffmann, Observer, 1928). Threat 2 Nge7#. 1 ... Qxe6 2 Nb4#. 1 ... Kd5 2 Na5#. 1 ... Kd3, Qd5 2 Nge5#. 1 ... Rf3 2 Nf4#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #53"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "3n1R1B/4b2B/4p1KP/3p2p1/n1P1k2q/4P3/4Q1P1/1b1N4 b - - 0 1"]

{53 (from G.J. Slater, Leeds Mercury, 1897). Zugzwang. 1 ... Nb6/c5/c3/b2 2 N(x)c3#. 1 ... Ba2/c2 2 Q(x)c2#. 1 ... Nb7/f7/c6 2 K(x)f7#. 1 ... dxc4 2 Qxc4#. 1 ... d4 2 exd4#. 1 ... Bf6/d6/c5/b4/a3/xf8 2 K(x)f6#. 1 ... e5 2 Kg7#. 1 ... Qf4 2 exf4#. 1 ... g4 2 Rf4#. 1 ... Qg4/h3/h2/h1/f2 2 N(x)f2#. 1 ... Qxh6+ 2 Kxh6#. 1 ... Qh5+/g3/e1 2 K(x)h5#. 1 ... Bd3 2 Qf3#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #54"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "5Q2/3pNK2/1PpkpbR1/8/1P1p1r1p/4N3/b6B/2q1R3 b - - 0 1"]

{54 (from G. Guidelli, L'Eco degli Scacchi, 1916). Threat 2 Qb8#. 1 ... Ke5 2 Nc4#. 1 ... e5+ 2 N7d5#. 1 ... Bxe7+ 2 Bxf4#. 1 ... Be5+ 2 N7f5#. 1 ... Bg5+/g7+/h8+ 2 N3f5#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #55"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "4B3/1p6/pPr5/pr1R1P2/k2B3R/p3KP2/N1P5/3Q4 b - - 0 1"]

{55 (from J.M. Rice, The Observer, 1963). Zugzwang. 1 ... Rbxb6 2 Bxb6#. 1 ... Rbc5/xd5 2 c4#. 1 ... Rb4 2 Nc3#. 1 ... Rb3+ 2 cxb3#. 1 ... Rb2/b1 2 B(x)b2#. 1 ... Rcxb6 2 Bc3/b2/a1/c5/xb6/e5/f6/g7/h8#, c3/c4#. 1 ... Rc7/c8/c5 2 Bc5#, c3/c4#. 1 ... Rc4 2 c3#. 1 ... Rc3+ 2 Bxc3#. 1 ... Rxc2 2 Qxc2#. 1 ... Rd6 2 Bc3/b2/a1/c5/e5/f6/g7/h8#, c3/c4#. 1 ... Re6+ 2 Be5#. 1 ... Rf6 2 Bc3/b2/al/c5/e5/xf6#, c3/c4#. 1 ... Rg6/h6 2 c3/c4#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #56"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "8/N3np1K/1p1n4/p1kp2R1/6R1/r1pQ4/B5pB/bbN5 b - - 0 1"]

{56 (from V. Bernstein and G. Gaidarov, Issaev Mem., 1933). Threat 2 Bg1#. 1 ... Ra4/x2 2 Nb3#. 1 ... Bxd3+ 2 Nxd3#. 1 ... c2 2 Qxa3#. 1 ... Nef5 2 Qxd5#. 1 ... Ne4 2 Qc4#. 1 ... Ndc8/e8/b7/b5/c4 2 R(x)c4#. 1 ... Nc6 2 Rxd5#. 1 ... Ndf5 2 Qb5#. 1 ... f5 2 Qd4#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #57"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "2K5/5n2/2p3NR/1p1k1pn1/pQ5R/2pNb3/q3r2B/1Br5 b - - 0 1"]

{57 (from N.A. Macleod, Christian Science Monitor, 1948). Threat 2 Ne7#. 1 ... Ke6, Bc5 2 Ngf4#. 1 ... Bd4 2 Ndf4#. 1 ... Bd2 2 Bxa2#. 1 ... Bf2/g1/b6/a7/f4 2 Ngf4, Ndf4#. 1 ... Nd6+/xh6 2 Q(x)d6#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #58"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "8/1NK5/p2R4/1kp2Q2/4pq2/1P1nb3/N3n3/4BB2 b - - 0 1"]

{58 (from A. Baron, Bulletin de la FFE, 1938), Threat 2 Qd7#. 1 ... Nb4 2 Nc3#. 1 ... Nd4 2 Qxc5#. 1 ... Qxd6+ 2 Nxd6#. 1 ... Qxf5/g4, Ne5 2 Rh6#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #59"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "8/2p2p2/2Q1Prp1/1PB2PP1/1ppN2N1/nPp5/2R1P3/Rb2K1k1 b Q - 0 1"]

{59 (from B. Gruber). Zugzwang. 1 ... Nxb5 2 Nxb5#. 1 ... Nxc2+, Bxc2 2 Nxc2#. 1 ... Ba2 2 0-0-0#. 1 ... cxb3 2 Nxb3#. 1 ... fxe6, Rxe6 2 Nxe6#. 1 ... Rxf5, gxf5 2 Nxf5#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #60"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "7B/3n4/2p3Q1/3b4/PPk1B3/1r1N4/K1NP4/5n2 b - - 0 1"]

{60 (from J. Hartong, Western Morning News and Mercury, 1919). Zugzwang. 1 ... Ra3+/xb4/b1 2 N(x)a3#. 1 ... Rc3/b2+ 2 N(x)b2#. 1 ... Rxd3 2 Bxd3#. 1 ... c5 2 Qa6#. 1 ... Nb8/f8/b6/f6/c5/e5 2 N(x)e5#. 1 ... Bxe4 2 Qxe4#. 1 ... Be6 2 Qxe6#. 1 ... Bf7 2 Qxf7#. 1 ... Bg8 2 Qxg8#. 1 ... Ne3/g3/xd2/h2 2 N(x)e3#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #61"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "4n1bN/p4Qp1/Rn2p1Rr/4k1p1/1P1pB3/3p2P1/3N3B/K7 b - - 0 1"]

{61 (from N.A. Izvolskij, Shakhmaty Jurnal, 1892). Zugzwang. 1 ... Nb 2~ 2 Raxe6, Rxg5#. 1 ... Nc7/f6 2 Q(x)c7#. 1 ... Nd6 2 Qxg7#. 1 ... Kd6 2 Nc4#. 1 ... Bxf7 2 Nxf7#. 1 ... Bh7 2 Qxe6#. 1 ... g4 2 Qf4#. 1 ... Rxg6 2 g4#. 1 ... Rh7/xh8/h5/h3/xh2 2 Rxe6#. 1 ... Rh4 2 Rxe6, gxh4#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #62"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "1bBRK3/2P2R2/2P5/2Ppkp2/2PrNr2/4P3/3nPnb1/1qB3Q1 b - - 0 1"]

{62 (from G. Neukomm, Deutsches Wochenschach, 1916). Threat 2 Re7#. 1 ... Bxe4 2 Qg7#. 1 ... Qxe4 2 cxb8=Q/B#. 1 ...dxe4, Nfxe4 2 exd4#. 1 ... Rdxe4 2 Rxd5#. 1 ... Kxe4 2 Re7#. 1 ... fxe4, Ndxe4 2 exf4#. 1 ... Rfxe4 2 Rxf5#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #63"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "1Q2KR1r/1n1PP2P/1n1Bkp2/2p1P3/2PP1PP1/4Rr2/B1N3N1/8 b - - 0 1"]

{63 (from N. Petrovic, 1947). Zugzwang. 1 ... Na5 2 d8=N#. 1 ... Nd8 2 exd8=N#. 1 ... Nxd6+ 2 Qxd6#. 1 ... Na8/xd7/a4 2 d5#. 1 ... Nc8 2 dxc8=Q/B, d5#. 1 ... Nxc4 2 Bxc4#. 1 ... Nd5 2 cxd5#. 1 ... cxd4 2 Nxd4#. 1 ... fxe5 2 Rxe5#. 1 ... f5 2 gxf5#. 1 ... Rxf8+ 2 exf8=N#. 1 ... Rg8 2 hxg8=Q/B#. 1 ... Rxh7 2 Rxf6#. 1 ... Rxe3/g3/h3 2 f5#. 1 ... Rxf4 2 Nxf4#. 1 ... Rf2/f1 2 exf6#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #64"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "4Q3/3p3b/2NKN1pb/6p1/n1p1k3/5R1B/4PP2/2q2r2 b - - 0 1"]

{64 (from G. Popov, Themes 64, 1959). Threat 2 Ned8, Nf8, Nc7, Ng7, Nc5, Nxg5, Ned4, Nf4#. 1 ... Nc5 2 Nxc5/xg5#. 1 ... Qa3+ 2 Nc5#. 1 ... Qa1/b2 2 Nc5/xg5/d4, Re3#. 1 ... Qc3 2 Nc5/xg5/d4#. 1 ... Qd1+/d2+, Rd1+ 2 Ned4#. 1 ... Qf4+ 2 Nxf4#. 1 ... dxc6 2 Qxc6#. 1 ... dxe6 2 Qxe6#. 1 ... g4 2 Ned8/f8/c7/g7/c5/g6/d4#. 1 ... Bg8 2 Qxg6, Nc5/xg5#. 1 ... Bg7 2 Nxg7/c5/xg5#. 1 ... Bf8+ 2 Nxf8#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #65"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "5R2/6K1/2n1QN1P/3P4/1R1qbk1P/b1np1N2/7P/6B1 b - - 0 1"]

{65 (from A. Ellerman, Observer, 1920). Threat 2 Qg4#. 1 ... Ne5 2 Nh5#. 1 ... Qa7+ 2 Nd7#. 1 ... Qxf6+ 2 Rf6#. 1 ... Qf2/xg1+ 2 Ng4#. 1 ... Bf5 2 Qe3#. 1 ... Bxf3 2 Be3#. 1 ... Kxf3 2 Qg4#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #66"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "2Q2n2/1pBrp3/1Nk1N2p/1p4bR/1P2PP2/pP6/b1K5/2R5 b - - 0 1"]

{66 (from E. Goldschmiedt, Neue Leipziger Zeitung, 1925). Zugzwang. 1 ... Bxb3+ 2 Kxb3#. 1 ... Bb1+ 2 Kxb1#. 1 ... Rxc7 2 Qxc7#. 1 ... Rd8 2 Nxd8#. 1 ... Rd6 2 Bd8#. 1 ... Rd5 2 exd5#. 1 ... Rd4 2 Nxd4#. 1 ... Rd3 2 Kxd3#. 1 ... Rd2+ 2 Kxd2#. 1 ... Rd1 2 Kxd1#. 1 ... Nh7/xe6/g6 2 Qxd7#. 1 ... Bh4/xf4/f6 2 Rc5#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #67"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "8/3P4/6Np/1p1P2bR/1p1k3N/1K2R2p/2Q3nB/7B b - - 0 1"]

{67 (from O. Stocchi, L'Italia Scacchistica, 1934). Zugzwang. 1 ... Kxd5 2 d8=Q/R#. 1 ... Kxe3 2 Bg1#. 1 ... Bxe3 2 Nf3#. 1 ... Bxh4/f4/f6/e7/d8 2 Re4#. 1 ... Nf4/e1 2 Nf5#. 1 ... Nxe3 2 Be5#. 1 ... Nxh4 2 Rd3#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #68"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "K5bB/p3N2p/r4R2/r1p3Q1/1N1kn1BR/3Pp3/1P5p/7q b - - 0 1"]

{68 (from A R. Gooderson, B.C.P.S. Tourney, 1945). Threat 2 Rd6#. 1 ... Rxf6 2 Nec6#. 1 ... Bd5+, Re6 2 Q(x)d5#. 1 ... Be6 2 Rf4#. 1 ... Nd6+ 2 Rf3#. 1 ... Nxf6+ 2 Bf3#. 1 ... Nxg5+/c3+/g3+/d2+/f2+ 2 Rc6#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #69"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "4B1N1/4nqr1/r2BR3/R4npk/3pQ2P/4p1pP/4P1N1/5K2 b - - 0 1"]

{69 (from J.M. Rice, McWilliam Tourney, 1956). Threat 2 Qg4#. 1 ... Nxd6+ 2 Qf3#. 1 ... Nh6+ 2 Nf6#. 1 ... Nxh4+ 2 Nf4#. 1 ... gxh4 2 Qxh4#. 1 ... g4 2 Rh6#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #70"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "8/4pQ2/7p/1pKN3r/R1npk1Pp/p3q1B1/1pr1R2n/1B2N2b b - - 0 1"]

{70 (from K.A.C. Larsen, Good Companion Folder, 1920). Threat 2 Qf4#. 1 ... Nb6+/d6+/a5+/d2+ 2 Bxc2#. 1 ... Ne5+ 2 Nc3#. 1 ... d3+ 2 Rxe3#. 1 ... e5 2 Nf6#. 1 ... Rxd5+ 2 Qxd5#. 1 ... Rf5 2 Qxf5#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #71"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "6QK/q2bp2p/p2r3N/Np6/1P1k4/R3R3/B1p5/2Brb3 b - - 0 1"]

{71 (from A.F. Ianovcic, Revista Romana de Sah, 1933). Threat 2 Nb3#. 1 ... Be6 2 Qg7#. 1 ... Rd5 2 Qxd5#. 1 ... Re6 2 Nf5#. 1 ... Rxc1/d3, Bd2 2 Ra(x)d3#. 1 ... e6 2 Qg4#. 1 ... Rd2 2 Bb2#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #72"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "n3N3/3NRpp1/4bp2/1P1k4/2p5/4QR1p/3p1rrP/3Kb1BB b - - 0 1"]

{72 (from B. Harley, 1918). Zugzwang. 1 ... Nc7/b6. N(x)b6#. 1 ... c3 2 Qd3#. 1 ... Bxd7 2 Rxd7#. 1 ... Bf5 2 Qc5#. 1 ... Bg4 2 Qe4/c5#. 1 ... f5 2 Qe5#. 1 ... Re2/f1 2 Qd4#. 1 ... Rxf3 2 Qxf3/d4#. 1 ... g6/g5 2 Ndxf6#. 1 ... Rg3/g4/g5/g6/xh2/xg1 2 Rf5#.}
*

[Event "Sit & Solve Chess Problems"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Problem #73"]
[Black "Black To Move"]
[Result "*"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "3K4/1BpN3p/p6p/r2P3r/4kpQp/2RN3n/q1b1P3/6B1 b - - 0 1"]

{73 (from T.R. Dawson, Vie, 1937). Threat 2 Nf6#. 1 ... Raxd5 2 N3c5#. 1 ... Qxd5 2 Rc4#. 1 ... Bxd3 2 exd3#. 1 ... Rf5 2 Qf3#. 1 ... Rhxd5 2 Qe6#. 1 ... Nf2/xg1 2 Qxf4#.}
*

